Liver tumors are rare in children,but the incidence may increase in some circumstances and particularly in chronic liver diseases.Most liver tumors consequent to chronic liver diseases are malignant hepatocellular car...Liver tumors are rare in children,but the incidence may increase in some circumstances and particularly in chronic liver diseases.Most liver tumors consequent to chronic liver diseases are malignant hepatocellular carcinoma.Other liver tumors include hepatoblastoma,focal nodular hyperplasia,adenoma,pseudotumor,and nodular regenerative hyperplasia.Screening of suspected cases is beneficial.Imaging and surrogate markers of alpha-fetoprotein are used initially as noninvasive tools for surveillance.However,liver biopsy for histopathology evaluation might be necessary for patients with inconclusive findings.Once the malignant liver tumor is detected in children with cirrhosis,liver transplantation is currently considered the preferred option and achieves favorable outcomes.Based on the current evidence,this review focuses on liver tumors with underlying chronic liver disease,their epidemiology,pathogenesis,early recognition,and effective management.展开更多
Objective: To audit and categorize pathological lesions and conditions that occurred in the orofacial region among children aged up to 15 yrs. Setting: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Design: Re...Objective: To audit and categorize pathological lesions and conditions that occurred in the orofacial region among children aged up to 15 yrs. Setting: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional audit based on archival records and material between 1985 to 2005. Results: Biopsy results were generated into 11 categories whence most common lesions encountered were in the categories of soft tissue benign neoplasms (35.1%) and soft tissue malignant neoplasms (21.8%). Remarkably, Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in the category of malignant soft tissue neoplasia constituted 11.8% of all the lesions biopsied while haemangiomas and tuberculous adenitis comprised 8.1% and 3.8% respectively. The age groups revealed the highest burden (37.1%) among the 0 to 5-year-olds followed by the 11 to 15-(34.5%) and 6 to 10-year-olds (28.4%). The orofacial site distribution among the 211 biopsied cases included 62.1% in the mandibular 29.9% in the maxillary region and 8% in the tongue areas. Malignant neoplasms of the bone were rare and all were diagnosed in the mandible. Overall, malignant neoplasms of soft tissue were significantly more in the age group of 6 - 10 years as well as in males than females. On the other hand, significantly more benign soft tissue neoplasms occurred in females than in males. Main Outcome Measure: There is great diversity and preponderance of soft tissue than skeletal orofacial lesions on the present audit. Significantly, clinicians should maintain high index of suspicion regarding the remarkably high frequency of diagnosing BL and tuberculous lymphadenitis in such a population in this era of HIV infection/AIDS.展开更多
CD4＋CD56＋ hematodermic neoplasm （HN） is a rare, highly aggressive systemic neoplasm, which had been -described under various names including lymphoblastic lymphoma of natural killer （NK） phenotype, blastic NK ce...CD4＋CD56＋ hematodermic neoplasm （HN） is a rare, highly aggressive systemic neoplasm, which had been -described under various names including lymphoblastic lymphoma of natural killer （NK） phenotype, blastic NK cell lymphoma （BNK）, leukemic lymphoma of immature NK lineage and CD4＋CD56＋ HN. This malignancy is mainly involved in elderly people and usually a rapidly fatal disease, since consistently effective treatments have not yet been developed. It is relatively rare in children Herein we report a boy with CD4＋CD56＋ HN.展开更多
文摘Liver tumors are rare in children,but the incidence may increase in some circumstances and particularly in chronic liver diseases.Most liver tumors consequent to chronic liver diseases are malignant hepatocellular carcinoma.Other liver tumors include hepatoblastoma,focal nodular hyperplasia,adenoma,pseudotumor,and nodular regenerative hyperplasia.Screening of suspected cases is beneficial.Imaging and surrogate markers of alpha-fetoprotein are used initially as noninvasive tools for surveillance.However,liver biopsy for histopathology evaluation might be necessary for patients with inconclusive findings.Once the malignant liver tumor is detected in children with cirrhosis,liver transplantation is currently considered the preferred option and achieves favorable outcomes.Based on the current evidence,this review focuses on liver tumors with underlying chronic liver disease,their epidemiology,pathogenesis,early recognition,and effective management.
文摘Objective: To audit and categorize pathological lesions and conditions that occurred in the orofacial region among children aged up to 15 yrs. Setting: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional audit based on archival records and material between 1985 to 2005. Results: Biopsy results were generated into 11 categories whence most common lesions encountered were in the categories of soft tissue benign neoplasms (35.1%) and soft tissue malignant neoplasms (21.8%). Remarkably, Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in the category of malignant soft tissue neoplasia constituted 11.8% of all the lesions biopsied while haemangiomas and tuberculous adenitis comprised 8.1% and 3.8% respectively. The age groups revealed the highest burden (37.1%) among the 0 to 5-year-olds followed by the 11 to 15-(34.5%) and 6 to 10-year-olds (28.4%). The orofacial site distribution among the 211 biopsied cases included 62.1% in the mandibular 29.9% in the maxillary region and 8% in the tongue areas. Malignant neoplasms of the bone were rare and all were diagnosed in the mandible. Overall, malignant neoplasms of soft tissue were significantly more in the age group of 6 - 10 years as well as in males than females. On the other hand, significantly more benign soft tissue neoplasms occurred in females than in males. Main Outcome Measure: There is great diversity and preponderance of soft tissue than skeletal orofacial lesions on the present audit. Significantly, clinicians should maintain high index of suspicion regarding the remarkably high frequency of diagnosing BL and tuberculous lymphadenitis in such a population in this era of HIV infection/AIDS.
文摘CD4＋CD56＋ hematodermic neoplasm （HN） is a rare, highly aggressive systemic neoplasm, which had been -described under various names including lymphoblastic lymphoma of natural killer （NK） phenotype, blastic NK cell lymphoma （BNK）, leukemic lymphoma of immature NK lineage and CD4＋CD56＋ HN. This malignancy is mainly involved in elderly people and usually a rapidly fatal disease, since consistently effective treatments have not yet been developed. It is relatively rare in children Herein we report a boy with CD4＋CD56＋ HN.
