Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Icariin has been shown to enhance erectile function through its bioactive form, icarisid Ih This study investigates the effects of icarisid Ⅱ ...Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Icariin has been shown to enhance erectile function through its bioactive form, icarisid Ih This study investigates the effects of icarisid Ⅱ on diabetic rats with ED and its potential mechanism viathe assessment of advanced glycosylation end products （AGEs）, autophagy, mTOR and the NO-cGMP pathway. Icarisid Ⅱ was extracted from icariin by an enzymatic method. In the control and diabetic ED groups, rats were administered normal saline; in the icarisid Ⅱ group, rats were administered icarisid Ⅱ intragastrically. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure （ICP/MAP）. AGE concentrations, nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity and cGMP concentration were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Cell proliferation was analysed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry. Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, monodansylcadaverine staining and GFP-LC3 Iocalisation. The expression of NOS isoforms and key proteins in autophagy were examined by western blot. Our results have shown that Icarisid Ⅱ increased ICP/MAP values, the smooth muscle cell （SMC） growth curve, S phase and SMC/collagen fibril （SMC/CF） proportions and decreased Beclin 1 （P〈0.05）. Icarisid Ⅱ significantly increased the proliferative index and p-p70S6K（Thr389） levels and decreased the numbers of autophagosomes and the levels of LC3-11 （P〈0.01）. Icarisid Ⅱ decreased AGE concentrations and increased cGMP concentration, NOS activity （P〈0.05） and cNOS levels （P〈0.01） in the diabetic ED group. Therefore, Icarisid Ⅱ constitutes a promising compound for diabetic ED and might be involved in the upregulation of SMC proliferation and the NO-cGMP pathway and the downregulation of AGEs, autophagy and the mTOR pathway.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly este...Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.展开更多
Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of Forsythia koreana(F. koreana) and evaluate its ef ects on bacterial strains. Methods: The essential oil of leaf of F. koreana was extracted by ...Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of Forsythia koreana(F. koreana) and evaluate its ef ects on bacterial strains. Methods: The essential oil of leaf of F. koreana was extracted by using hydrodistillation process and the volatile components investigated with the help of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was carried out with the help of agar disc dif usion method, MIC, MBC and viable count. The mode of action was determined with help of potassium ion l ux, cellular material release and scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant activity was determined with the help of 2, 3-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, nitric oxide scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging assay. Results: Total ten compounds were identii ed as trans-phytol(42.73%), cis-3-hexenol(12.95%), 毬-linalool(10.68%), trans-2-hexenal(8.86%), trans-2-hexenol(8.86%), myrcenol(3.86%), 4-vinylphenyl acetate(3.86%),(4Z)-4,6-heptadien-1-ol(3.18%), lemonol(2.73%) and benzeneacetaldehyde(2.27%) by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was demonstrated that leaf essential oil of F. koreana act against foodborne and other pathogenic bacteria. The mode of action revealed that this essential oil acted on the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in loss of integrity and increased permeability. In addition, leaf essential oil of F. koreana was shown to be rich in linalool, which contributes to improved antioxidant activity. Conclusions: These results show that leaf essential oil of F. koreana has great potential as a natural food preservative, antibacterial and antioxidant agent.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) are considered a promising power source for electric vehicles and stationary residential applications. However, current PEMFCs have several problems that require solutions, ...Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) are considered a promising power source for electric vehicles and stationary residential applications. However, current PEMFCs have several problems that require solutions, including high cost, insufficient power density, and limited performance durability. A kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is primarily responsible for these issues. The development of advanced Pt-based catalysts is crucial for solving these problems if the large-scale application of PEMFCs is to be realized. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the development of Pt M alloy(M = Fe, Co, Ni, etc.) catalysts with an emphasis on ordered Pt M intermetallic catalysts, which exhibit significantly enhanced activity and stability. In addition to exploring the intrinsic catalytic performance in traditional aqueous electrolytes via engineering nanostructures, morphologies, and crystallinity of Pt M particles, we highlight recent efforts to study catalysts under real fuel cell environments by the membrane electrode assembly(MEA).展开更多
文摘Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Icariin has been shown to enhance erectile function through its bioactive form, icarisid Ih This study investigates the effects of icarisid Ⅱ on diabetic rats with ED and its potential mechanism viathe assessment of advanced glycosylation end products （AGEs）, autophagy, mTOR and the NO-cGMP pathway. Icarisid Ⅱ was extracted from icariin by an enzymatic method. In the control and diabetic ED groups, rats were administered normal saline; in the icarisid Ⅱ group, rats were administered icarisid Ⅱ intragastrically. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure （ICP/MAP）. AGE concentrations, nitric oxide synthase （NOS） activity and cGMP concentration were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Cell proliferation was analysed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry. Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, monodansylcadaverine staining and GFP-LC3 Iocalisation. The expression of NOS isoforms and key proteins in autophagy were examined by western blot. Our results have shown that Icarisid Ⅱ increased ICP/MAP values, the smooth muscle cell （SMC） growth curve, S phase and SMC/collagen fibril （SMC/CF） proportions and decreased Beclin 1 （P〈0.05）. Icarisid Ⅱ significantly increased the proliferative index and p-p70S6K（Thr389） levels and decreased the numbers of autophagosomes and the levels of LC3-11 （P〈0.01）. Icarisid Ⅱ decreased AGE concentrations and increased cGMP concentration, NOS activity （P〈0.05） and cNOS levels （P〈0.01） in the diabetic ED group. Therefore, Icarisid Ⅱ constitutes a promising compound for diabetic ED and might be involved in the upregulation of SMC proliferation and the NO-cGMP pathway and the downregulation of AGEs, autophagy and the mTOR pathway.
基金financially supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi
文摘Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles.
文摘Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of Forsythia koreana(F. koreana) and evaluate its ef ects on bacterial strains. Methods: The essential oil of leaf of F. koreana was extracted by using hydrodistillation process and the volatile components investigated with the help of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was carried out with the help of agar disc dif usion method, MIC, MBC and viable count. The mode of action was determined with help of potassium ion l ux, cellular material release and scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant activity was determined with the help of 2, 3-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, nitric oxide scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging assay. Results: Total ten compounds were identii ed as trans-phytol(42.73%), cis-3-hexenol(12.95%), 毬-linalool(10.68%), trans-2-hexenal(8.86%), trans-2-hexenol(8.86%), myrcenol(3.86%), 4-vinylphenyl acetate(3.86%),(4Z)-4,6-heptadien-1-ol(3.18%), lemonol(2.73%) and benzeneacetaldehyde(2.27%) by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was demonstrated that leaf essential oil of F. koreana act against foodborne and other pathogenic bacteria. The mode of action revealed that this essential oil acted on the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in loss of integrity and increased permeability. In addition, leaf essential oil of F. koreana was shown to be rich in linalool, which contributes to improved antioxidant activity. Conclusions: These results show that leaf essential oil of F. koreana has great potential as a natural food preservative, antibacterial and antioxidant agent.
文摘Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) are considered a promising power source for electric vehicles and stationary residential applications. However, current PEMFCs have several problems that require solutions, including high cost, insufficient power density, and limited performance durability. A kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is primarily responsible for these issues. The development of advanced Pt-based catalysts is crucial for solving these problems if the large-scale application of PEMFCs is to be realized. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the development of Pt M alloy(M = Fe, Co, Ni, etc.) catalysts with an emphasis on ordered Pt M intermetallic catalysts, which exhibit significantly enhanced activity and stability. In addition to exploring the intrinsic catalytic performance in traditional aqueous electrolytes via engineering nanostructures, morphologies, and crystallinity of Pt M particles, we highlight recent efforts to study catalysts under real fuel cell environments by the membrane electrode assembly(MEA).
