为科学揭示梯级水库群运行对河流生态的影响,基于黄河上游实测水沙序列,采用IHA(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration)指标体系,对比分析了不同工程运行时期黄河上游水文情势变化,运用多系列贡献率分割法,量化了不同影响因子对水文情...为科学揭示梯级水库群运行对河流生态的影响,基于黄河上游实测水沙序列,采用IHA(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration)指标体系,对比分析了不同工程运行时期黄河上游水文情势变化,运用多系列贡献率分割法,量化了不同影响因子对水文情势变化的贡献率。通过输沙率法结合断面淤积形态分析揭示了黄河上游河道冲淤演变。结果表明,黄河上游水库运行对河流径流及河道形态产生了深刻影响,进而影响了河流生态。水库运行后非汛期月均流量上升、汛期月均流量下降、高流量事件发生频率与流量减少,径流趋于平缓,且宁蒙河段泥沙淤积、断面形态趋于宽浅。分析表明水库运行是造成黄河上游兰州水文情势变化的主要原因,以及石嘴山、头道拐水文情势变化的重要原因,高流量事件的减少加剧了河道淤积,使河流生态朝不利方向演化,为维护黄河上游生态健康有必要实施生态调度,提高涨水期和洪水期下泄流量并制造高流量事件。研究为评估梯级水库运行的生态影响、指导梯级水库生态调度提供方向性参考。展开更多
Effects of plasma flow control are researched on the basis of plasma exciting flow experiments and numerical simulations. Turbulent model is more effective than laminar model in plasma numerical simulation as results ...Effects of plasma flow control are researched on the basis of plasma exciting flow experiments and numerical simulations. Turbulent model is more effective than laminar model in plasma numerical simulation as results showed. Both plasma exciting effects of acceleration and flow separation suppression are investigated through experiments carried on the flat plate and the compressor cascades. The results demonstrate that boundary layer characteristic is modified by plasma exciting. Distributions of total pressure and velocity in the wake are improved notably for 20 m/s coming velocity and the effect of plasma can still be observed while velocity is increased to 50 m/s. For low velocity flow, plasma exciting is effective in flow separation suppression.展开更多
文摘为科学揭示梯级水库群运行对河流生态的影响,基于黄河上游实测水沙序列,采用IHA(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration)指标体系,对比分析了不同工程运行时期黄河上游水文情势变化,运用多系列贡献率分割法,量化了不同影响因子对水文情势变化的贡献率。通过输沙率法结合断面淤积形态分析揭示了黄河上游河道冲淤演变。结果表明,黄河上游水库运行对河流径流及河道形态产生了深刻影响,进而影响了河流生态。水库运行后非汛期月均流量上升、汛期月均流量下降、高流量事件发生频率与流量减少,径流趋于平缓,且宁蒙河段泥沙淤积、断面形态趋于宽浅。分析表明水库运行是造成黄河上游兰州水文情势变化的主要原因,以及石嘴山、头道拐水文情势变化的重要原因,高流量事件的减少加剧了河道淤积,使河流生态朝不利方向演化,为维护黄河上游生态健康有必要实施生态调度,提高涨水期和洪水期下泄流量并制造高流量事件。研究为评估梯级水库运行的生态影响、指导梯级水库生态调度提供方向性参考。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50406027, 50676094)
文摘Effects of plasma flow control are researched on the basis of plasma exciting flow experiments and numerical simulations. Turbulent model is more effective than laminar model in plasma numerical simulation as results showed. Both plasma exciting effects of acceleration and flow separation suppression are investigated through experiments carried on the flat plate and the compressor cascades. The results demonstrate that boundary layer characteristic is modified by plasma exciting. Distributions of total pressure and velocity in the wake are improved notably for 20 m/s coming velocity and the effect of plasma can still be observed while velocity is increased to 50 m/s. For low velocity flow, plasma exciting is effective in flow separation suppression.
