二氧化碳地质封存(CO2Capture and Storage,CCS)项目应当评估诱发地震的潜在可能性。中强震、强震危及人类生命财产安全,有感地震甚至微震也对CO2储区的盖层完整性构成威胁,增加泄漏风险。地热开发、页岩气开发及油气增产等的水压致裂...二氧化碳地质封存(CO2Capture and Storage,CCS)项目应当评估诱发地震的潜在可能性。中强震、强震危及人类生命财产安全,有感地震甚至微震也对CO2储区的盖层完整性构成威胁,增加泄漏风险。地热开发、页岩气开发及油气增产等的水压致裂过程中都伴随有地下流体的注入,且时有地震诱发的案例。诱发地震活动通常在流体注入压力较高时沿已有断层发生,因此可通过应力分析等对其发生机理进行研究。超临界状态CO2密度比水小,在地层深部可能会形成密度流或者与构造中先存的水岩发生相互作用,进而导致渗透率和压力变化并引发地震活动。综述了全球相关的研究进展,主要从地震成因机理入手,考虑超临界CO2性质的特殊性,结合商业尺度和实验尺度的流体注入项目和地震监测分析,研究其对储区盖层完整性的影响。以期通过适当的选址、注入方法及监测方案的优化来避免破坏性地震的发生。展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO2) capture and storage(CCS) is considered widely as one of promising options for CO2emissions reduction,especially for those countries with coal-dominant energy mix like China.Injecting and storing a ...Carbon dioxide(CO2) capture and storage(CCS) is considered widely as one of promising options for CO2emissions reduction,especially for those countries with coal-dominant energy mix like China.Injecting and storing a huge volume of CO2in deep formations are likely to cause a series of geomechanical issues,including ground surface uplift,damage of caprock integrity,and fault reactivation.The Shenhua CCS demonstration project in Ordos Basin,China,is the first and the largest full-chain saline aquifer storage project of CO2in Asia.The injection started in 2010 and ended in 2015.during which totally 0.3 million tonnes(Mt) CO2was injected.The project is unique in which CO2was injected into 18 sandstone formations simultaneously and the overlying coal seams will be mined after the injection stopped in 2015.Hence,intense geomechanical studies and monitoring works have been conducted in recent years,including possible damage resulting from the temperature difference between injected CO2and formations,injection induced stress and deformation change,potential failure mode and safety factor,interaction between coal mining and CO2geological storage,determination of injection pressure limit,and surface monitoring by the interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR) technology.In this paper,we first described the background and its geological conditions of the Shenhua CCS demonstration project.Then,we gave an introduction to the coupled thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical(THMC) processes in CO2geological storage,and mapped the key geomechanical issues into the THMC processes accordingly.Next,we proposed a generalized geomechanical research flowchart for CO2geological storage projects.After that,we addressed and discussed some typical geomechanical issues,including design of injection pressure limit.CO2injection induced near-field damage,and interaction between CO2geological storage and coal mining,in the Shenhua CCS demonstration project.Finally,we concluded some insights to this CCS project.展开更多
In this study,we numerically investigate the influence of hysteretic stress path behavior on the seal integrity during underground gas storage operations in a depleted reservoir.Our study area is the Honor Rancho Unde...In this study,we numerically investigate the influence of hysteretic stress path behavior on the seal integrity during underground gas storage operations in a depleted reservoir.Our study area is the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility in Los Angeles County(California,USA),which was converted into an underground gas storage facility in 1975 after 20 years of oil and gas production.In our simulations,the geomechanical behavior of the sand reservoir is modeled using two models:(1)a linear elastic model(non-hysteretic stress path)that does not take into consideration irreversible deformation,and(2)a plastic cap mechanical model which considers changes in rock elastic properties due to irreversible deformations caused by plastic reservoir compaction(hysteretic stress path).It shows that the irreversible compaction of the geological layer over geologic time and during the reservoir depletion can have important consequences on stress tensor orientation and magnitude.Ignoring depletion-induced irreversible compaction can lead to an over-estimation of the calculation of the maximum working reservoir pressure.Moreover,this irreversible compaction may bring the nearby faults closer to reactivation.However,regardless of the two models applied,the geomechanical analysis shows that for the estimated stress conditions applied in this study,the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility is being safely operated at pressures much below what would be required to compromise the seal integrity.展开更多
文摘二氧化碳地质封存(CO2Capture and Storage,CCS)项目应当评估诱发地震的潜在可能性。中强震、强震危及人类生命财产安全,有感地震甚至微震也对CO2储区的盖层完整性构成威胁,增加泄漏风险。地热开发、页岩气开发及油气增产等的水压致裂过程中都伴随有地下流体的注入,且时有地震诱发的案例。诱发地震活动通常在流体注入压力较高时沿已有断层发生,因此可通过应力分析等对其发生机理进行研究。超临界状态CO2密度比水小,在地层深部可能会形成密度流或者与构造中先存的水岩发生相互作用,进而导致渗透率和压力变化并引发地震活动。综述了全球相关的研究进展,主要从地震成因机理入手,考虑超临界CO2性质的特殊性,结合商业尺度和实验尺度的流体注入项目和地震监测分析,研究其对储区盖层完整性的影响。以期通过适当的选址、注入方法及监测方案的优化来避免破坏性地震的发生。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41274111)the Shenhua Group(Grant No.CSCLC-03-JS-2014-08)the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation of MLR,China(Grant No.201211063-4-1)
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO2) capture and storage(CCS) is considered widely as one of promising options for CO2emissions reduction,especially for those countries with coal-dominant energy mix like China.Injecting and storing a huge volume of CO2in deep formations are likely to cause a series of geomechanical issues,including ground surface uplift,damage of caprock integrity,and fault reactivation.The Shenhua CCS demonstration project in Ordos Basin,China,is the first and the largest full-chain saline aquifer storage project of CO2in Asia.The injection started in 2010 and ended in 2015.during which totally 0.3 million tonnes(Mt) CO2was injected.The project is unique in which CO2was injected into 18 sandstone formations simultaneously and the overlying coal seams will be mined after the injection stopped in 2015.Hence,intense geomechanical studies and monitoring works have been conducted in recent years,including possible damage resulting from the temperature difference between injected CO2and formations,injection induced stress and deformation change,potential failure mode and safety factor,interaction between coal mining and CO2geological storage,determination of injection pressure limit,and surface monitoring by the interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR) technology.In this paper,we first described the background and its geological conditions of the Shenhua CCS demonstration project.Then,we gave an introduction to the coupled thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical(THMC) processes in CO2geological storage,and mapped the key geomechanical issues into the THMC processes accordingly.Next,we proposed a generalized geomechanical research flowchart for CO2geological storage projects.After that,we addressed and discussed some typical geomechanical issues,including design of injection pressure limit.CO2injection induced near-field damage,and interaction between CO2geological storage and coal mining,in the Shenhua CCS demonstration project.Finally,we concluded some insights to this CCS project.
基金conducted with funding provided by the California Energy Commission under the contract PIR-16-027 for Research on Risk Management Framework for Underground Natural Gas infrastructure in California。
文摘In this study,we numerically investigate the influence of hysteretic stress path behavior on the seal integrity during underground gas storage operations in a depleted reservoir.Our study area is the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility in Los Angeles County(California,USA),which was converted into an underground gas storage facility in 1975 after 20 years of oil and gas production.In our simulations,the geomechanical behavior of the sand reservoir is modeled using two models:(1)a linear elastic model(non-hysteretic stress path)that does not take into consideration irreversible deformation,and(2)a plastic cap mechanical model which considers changes in rock elastic properties due to irreversible deformations caused by plastic reservoir compaction(hysteretic stress path).It shows that the irreversible compaction of the geological layer over geologic time and during the reservoir depletion can have important consequences on stress tensor orientation and magnitude.Ignoring depletion-induced irreversible compaction can lead to an over-estimation of the calculation of the maximum working reservoir pressure.Moreover,this irreversible compaction may bring the nearby faults closer to reactivation.However,regardless of the two models applied,the geomechanical analysis shows that for the estimated stress conditions applied in this study,the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility is being safely operated at pressures much below what would be required to compromise the seal integrity.
