Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) have been of health concern due to its carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. In this study, we aimed to assess the variations, sources, and lifetime excessive cancer risk(ECR) attribut...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) have been of health concern due to its carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. In this study, we aimed to assess the variations, sources, and lifetime excessive cancer risk(ECR) attributable to PAHs bound to ambient particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)) in metropolitan Beijing, China. We collected24-hour integrated PM_(2.5) samples on daily basis between November 2014 and June 2015 across both central heating(cold months) and non-heating(warm months) seasons, and further analyzed the PAH components in these daily PM_(2.5) samples. Our results showed that total concentrations of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs varied between(88.6 ± 75.4) ng/m^3 in the cold months and(11.0 ± 5.9) ng/m^3 in the warm months. Benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P), the carcinogenic marker of PAHs,averaged at 5.7 and 0.4 ng/m^3 in the cold and warm months, respectively. Source apportionment analyses illustrated that gasoline, biomass burning, diesel, coal combustion and cooking were the major contributors, accounting for 12.9%, 17.8%, 24.7%, 24.3% and 6.4% of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs, respectively. The BaP equivalent lifetime ECR from inhalation of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs was 16.2 cases per million habitants. Our results suggested that ambient particulate reduction from energy reconstruction and adaption of clean fuels would result in reductions PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs and its associated cancer risks. However, as only particulate phased PAHs was analyzed in the present study, the concentration of ambient PAHs could be underestimated.展开更多
乳腺癌是全球最常见的、女性中致死人数最多的恶性肿瘤。美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)更新了2023年版的《NCCN乳腺癌风险降低指南》。该指南基于高级别循证医学证据和最新研究进展,针对没有浸润...乳腺癌是全球最常见的、女性中致死人数最多的恶性肿瘤。美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)更新了2023年版的《NCCN乳腺癌风险降低指南》。该指南基于高级别循证医学证据和最新研究进展,针对没有浸润性乳腺癌或导管原位癌病史的个体,提供了具有规范化指导意义的乳腺癌风险评估和风险降低策略,受到全球临床医生的广泛关注。乳腺癌也是我国女性最高发的恶性肿瘤,由于我国人口基数大,年新增乳腺癌病例数位居全球首位,乳腺癌防控已经成为我国重大的公共卫生难题。本文将结合亚洲女性乳腺结构特点以及我国乳腺癌的流行病学特点,对新版指南内容进行逐一解读,以期为我国的乳腺癌防控提供参考。展开更多
We investigated the concentration of trihalomethanes （THMs） in tap water and swimming pool water in the area of the Nakhon Path- om Municipality during the period April 2005-March 2006. The concentrations of total T...We investigated the concentration of trihalomethanes （THMs） in tap water and swimming pool water in the area of the Nakhon Path- om Municipality during the period April 2005-March 2006. The concentrations of total THMs, chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform in tap water were 12.70-41.74, 6.72-29.19, 1.12-11.75, 0.63-3.55 and 0.08-3.40 μg/L, respectively, whereas those in swimming pool water were 26.15-65.09, 9.50-36.97, 8.90-18.01, 5.19-22.78 and ND-6.56 μg/L, respectively. It implied that the concentration of THMs in swimming pool water was higher than those in tap water, particularly, brominated-THMs. Both tap water and swimming pool water contained concentrations of total THMs below the standards of the World Health Organization （WHO）, European Union （EU） and the United States Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） phase Ⅰ, but 1 out of 60 tap water samples and 60 out of 72 swimming pool water samples contained those over the Standard of the USEPA phase Ⅱ. From the two cases of cancer risk assessment including Case Ⅰ Non-Swimmer and Case Ⅱ Swimmer, assessment of cancer risk of nonswimmers from exposure to THMs at the highest and the average concentrations was 4.43×10^-5 and 2.19×10^-5, respectively, which can be classified as acceptable risk according to the Standard of USEPA. Assessment of cancer risk of swimmers from exposure to THMs at the highest and the average concentrations was 1.47×10^-3 and 7.99×10^-4, respectively, which can be classified as unacceptable risk and needs to be improved. Risk of THMs exposure from swimming was 93.9%-94.2% of the total risk. Cancer risk of THMs concluded from various routes in descending order was： skin exposure while swimming, gastro-intestinal exposure from tap water intake, and skin exposure to tap water and gastro-intestinal exposure while swimming. Cancer risk from skin exposure while swimming was 94.18% of the total cancer risk.展开更多
目的:回顾性验证Caprini风险评估模型预测肿瘤患者经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheters,PICC)相关静脉血栓栓塞风险的有效性。方法:采用病例对照研究,收集2012年到2017年150名行PICC置管肿瘤患者的一般资...目的:回顾性验证Caprini风险评估模型预测肿瘤患者经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheters,PICC)相关静脉血栓栓塞风险的有效性。方法:采用病例对照研究,收集2012年到2017年150名行PICC置管肿瘤患者的一般资料、置管资料。将确诊已发生PICC相关静脉血栓的肿瘤患者作为病例组,按照肿瘤类型相同采用1∶4配对方法,选取同期留置但未发生PICC相关静脉血栓的患者作为对照组,根据Caprini风险评估模型对2组患者分别评分并记录。比较Caprini评分情况,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析肿瘤患者发生PICC相关静脉血栓的危险因素,以及危险分级和肿瘤患者PICC相关静脉血栓发病风险的关系。结果:病例组患者Caprini风险评分(7.720±1.768)高于对照组(6.220±1.097);病例组患者PICC相关静脉血栓组评分≥7分以上的患者比例高达72%,高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。以Caprini风险评估模型中危险因素作为自变量进行logistic回归分析显示:严重肺部疾病(OR=5.539,95%CI=1.799~17.053,P=0.003)、其他高危因素(OR=6.987,95%CI=2.105~23.196,P=0.001)、血栓史(OR=24.735,95%CI=3.624~168.822,P=0.001)3个因素是肿瘤患者PICC相关静脉血栓发生的主要危险因素。且随着评分的增加,患者发生PICC相关静脉血栓的风险随之增加。结论:Caprini血栓风险评估模型能够有效预测肿瘤患者PICC相关静脉血栓发生的风险,值得临床推广。展开更多
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L150001)Peking University Health Science Center "100 Talent Young Investigator" ProgramPeking University Infrastructure Fund for Clinical Research(2013-3-02)
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) have been of health concern due to its carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. In this study, we aimed to assess the variations, sources, and lifetime excessive cancer risk(ECR) attributable to PAHs bound to ambient particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)) in metropolitan Beijing, China. We collected24-hour integrated PM_(2.5) samples on daily basis between November 2014 and June 2015 across both central heating(cold months) and non-heating(warm months) seasons, and further analyzed the PAH components in these daily PM_(2.5) samples. Our results showed that total concentrations of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs varied between(88.6 ± 75.4) ng/m^3 in the cold months and(11.0 ± 5.9) ng/m^3 in the warm months. Benzo[a]pyrene(Ba P), the carcinogenic marker of PAHs,averaged at 5.7 and 0.4 ng/m^3 in the cold and warm months, respectively. Source apportionment analyses illustrated that gasoline, biomass burning, diesel, coal combustion and cooking were the major contributors, accounting for 12.9%, 17.8%, 24.7%, 24.3% and 6.4% of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs, respectively. The BaP equivalent lifetime ECR from inhalation of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs was 16.2 cases per million habitants. Our results suggested that ambient particulate reduction from energy reconstruction and adaption of clean fuels would result in reductions PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs and its associated cancer risks. However, as only particulate phased PAHs was analyzed in the present study, the concentration of ambient PAHs could be underestimated.
文摘乳腺癌是全球最常见的、女性中致死人数最多的恶性肿瘤。美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)更新了2023年版的《NCCN乳腺癌风险降低指南》。该指南基于高级别循证医学证据和最新研究进展,针对没有浸润性乳腺癌或导管原位癌病史的个体,提供了具有规范化指导意义的乳腺癌风险评估和风险降低策略,受到全球临床医生的广泛关注。乳腺癌也是我国女性最高发的恶性肿瘤,由于我国人口基数大,年新增乳腺癌病例数位居全球首位,乳腺癌防控已经成为我国重大的公共卫生难题。本文将结合亚洲女性乳腺结构特点以及我国乳腺癌的流行病学特点,对新版指南内容进行逐一解读,以期为我国的乳腺癌防控提供参考。
文摘We investigated the concentration of trihalomethanes （THMs） in tap water and swimming pool water in the area of the Nakhon Path- om Municipality during the period April 2005-March 2006. The concentrations of total THMs, chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform in tap water were 12.70-41.74, 6.72-29.19, 1.12-11.75, 0.63-3.55 and 0.08-3.40 μg/L, respectively, whereas those in swimming pool water were 26.15-65.09, 9.50-36.97, 8.90-18.01, 5.19-22.78 and ND-6.56 μg/L, respectively. It implied that the concentration of THMs in swimming pool water was higher than those in tap water, particularly, brominated-THMs. Both tap water and swimming pool water contained concentrations of total THMs below the standards of the World Health Organization （WHO）, European Union （EU） and the United States Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） phase Ⅰ, but 1 out of 60 tap water samples and 60 out of 72 swimming pool water samples contained those over the Standard of the USEPA phase Ⅱ. From the two cases of cancer risk assessment including Case Ⅰ Non-Swimmer and Case Ⅱ Swimmer, assessment of cancer risk of nonswimmers from exposure to THMs at the highest and the average concentrations was 4.43×10^-5 and 2.19×10^-5, respectively, which can be classified as acceptable risk according to the Standard of USEPA. Assessment of cancer risk of swimmers from exposure to THMs at the highest and the average concentrations was 1.47×10^-3 and 7.99×10^-4, respectively, which can be classified as unacceptable risk and needs to be improved. Risk of THMs exposure from swimming was 93.9%-94.2% of the total risk. Cancer risk of THMs concluded from various routes in descending order was： skin exposure while swimming, gastro-intestinal exposure from tap water intake, and skin exposure to tap water and gastro-intestinal exposure while swimming. Cancer risk from skin exposure while swimming was 94.18% of the total cancer risk.
文摘目的:回顾性验证Caprini风险评估模型预测肿瘤患者经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheters,PICC)相关静脉血栓栓塞风险的有效性。方法:采用病例对照研究,收集2012年到2017年150名行PICC置管肿瘤患者的一般资料、置管资料。将确诊已发生PICC相关静脉血栓的肿瘤患者作为病例组,按照肿瘤类型相同采用1∶4配对方法,选取同期留置但未发生PICC相关静脉血栓的患者作为对照组,根据Caprini风险评估模型对2组患者分别评分并记录。比较Caprini评分情况,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析肿瘤患者发生PICC相关静脉血栓的危险因素,以及危险分级和肿瘤患者PICC相关静脉血栓发病风险的关系。结果:病例组患者Caprini风险评分(7.720±1.768)高于对照组(6.220±1.097);病例组患者PICC相关静脉血栓组评分≥7分以上的患者比例高达72%,高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000)。以Caprini风险评估模型中危险因素作为自变量进行logistic回归分析显示:严重肺部疾病(OR=5.539,95%CI=1.799~17.053,P=0.003)、其他高危因素(OR=6.987,95%CI=2.105~23.196,P=0.001)、血栓史(OR=24.735,95%CI=3.624~168.822,P=0.001)3个因素是肿瘤患者PICC相关静脉血栓发生的主要危险因素。且随着评分的增加,患者发生PICC相关静脉血栓的风险随之增加。结论:Caprini血栓风险评估模型能够有效预测肿瘤患者PICC相关静脉血栓发生的风险,值得临床推广。
