Extraction of large pancreatic and common bile duct(CBD)calculi has always challenged the therapeutic endoscopist.Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL)is an excellent tool for patients with large pancreatic and C...Extraction of large pancreatic and common bile duct(CBD)calculi has always challenged the therapeutic endoscopist.Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL)is an excellent tool for patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi that are not amenable to routine endotherapy.Pancreatic calculi in the head and body are targeted by ESWL,with an aim to fragment them to<3 mm diameter so that they can be extracted by subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP).In our experience,complete clearance of the pancreatic duct was achieved in 76% and partial clearance in 17%of 1006 patients.Short-term pain relief with reduction in the number of analgesics ingested was seen in 84%of these patients.For large CBD calculi,a nasobiliary tube is placed to help target the calculi,as well as bathe the calculi in salinea simple maneuver which helps to facilitate fragmenta-tion.The aim is to fragment calculi to<5 mm size and clear the same during ERCP.Complete clearance of the CBD was achieved in 84.4%of and partial clearance in 12.3%of 283 patients.More than 90%of the patients with pancreatic and biliary calculi needed three or fewer sessions of ESWL with 5000 shocks being de-livered at each session.The use of epidural anesthesia helped in reducing patient movement.This,together with the better focus achieved with newer third-gen-eration lithotripters,prevents collateral tissue damage and minimizes the complications.Complications in our experience with nearly 1300 patients were minimal,and no extension of hospital stay was required.Similar rates of clearance of pancreatic and biliary calculi with minimal adverse effects have been reported from the centers where ESWL is performed regularly.In view of its high efficiency,non-invasive nature and low complication rates,ESWL can be offered as the first-line therapy for selected patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi.展开更多
Background Percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） was mostly performed with fluoroscopy and/or ultrasonography. The safety and feasibility of PCNL performed totally under ultrasound are not clearly defined. Therefore, ...Background Percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） was mostly performed with fluoroscopy and/or ultrasonography. The safety and feasibility of PCNL performed totally under ultrasound are not clearly defined. Therefore, we introduce the 9-year experience of 8 025 ultrasound guided PCNL procedures from multiple centers in China performed by the same surgeon, to evaluate the feasibility and security of this technique. Methods From September 2004 to August 2013, 8 025 cases, 4 398 males （54.8%） and 3 627 females （45.2%）, whose age ranged from 6 months to 85 years old, with upper urinary tract stones, underwent PCNL in our center and the supported hospitals. Puncture site selection and channel dilation were all guided using only Doppler ultrasound. Single stones were treated in 1 356 cases, there were 2 817 cases of multi stones, and 3 852 cases of staghorn calculi. The pre- and post-operative imaging data, the intraoperative findings, operation time, perioperative complications, and related parameters were recorded. Results All procedures were successful. No patients died during the operation. Average operation time was 42 minutes （range 10 to 168 minutes）, 4 cases converted to open surgery, and 2 patients lost the diseased kidney due to refractory bleeding in the early stage of the PCNL. Ninety-four （1.2%） patients received blood transfusions and 20 （0.25%） patients needed highly selective renal artery embolization. Fifteen （0.19%） patients had a pleural injury. 5 457 （68%） cases were completed by a single tract and 2 568 （32%） cases added more tracts. The mean stone size （longest diameter） was 2.8 cm （range 1.2 to 26.5 cm）. The final stone-free rate was 85.5%. Residual stones occurred mainly in patients with renal dysfunction, medullary sponge kidney, and complete staghorn calculi with a slim calyceal neck. Conclusions X-ray free Doppler ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy is feasible and safe in a variety of cases of renal and/or upper ureteral stones. The probabi展开更多
Flexible ureteroscopy(f URS) has become a more effective and safer treatment for whole upper urinary tract stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) is currently the first-line recommended treatment for large kidney s...Flexible ureteroscopy(f URS) has become a more effective and safer treatment for whole upper urinary tract stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) is currently the first-line recommended treatment for large kidney stones ≥ 20 mm and it has an excellent stone-free rate for large kidney stones. However, its invasiveness is not negligible considering its major complication rates. Staged f URS is a practical treatmentfor such large kidney stones because f URS has a minimal blood transfusion risk, short hospitalization and few restrictions on daily routines. However, as the stone size becomes larger, the stone-free rate decreases, and the number of operations required increases. Therefore, in our opinion, staged f URS is a practical option for kidney stones 20 to 40 mm. Miniaturized PNL combined with f URS should be considered to be a preferred option for stones larger than 40 mm. Moreover, URS is an effective treatment for multiple upper urinary tract stones. Especially for patients with a stone burden < 20 mm, URS is a favorable option that promises a high stone-free rate after a single session either unilaterally or bilaterally. However, for patients with a stone burden ≥ 20 mm, a staged operation should be considered to achieve stone-free status.展开更多
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （MRCP） is being used with increasing frequency as a noninvasive alternative to diagnostic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP）. The aim of this pictorial review is...Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （MRCP） is being used with increasing frequency as a noninvasive alternative to diagnostic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP）. The aim of this pictorial review is to demonstrate the usefulness of MRCP in the evaluation of pancreatic and bilian/system disorders. Because the recently developed techniques allows improved spatial resolution and permits imaging of the entire pancreaticobiliary tract during a single breath hold, MRCP is of proven utility in a variety of pancreatic and bilian/ disorders. It uses MR imaging to visualize fluid in the bilian/and pancreatic ducts as high signal intensity on T2 weighted sequences and is the newest modality for pancreatic and biliary duct imaging. Herein, we present the clinical applications of MRCP in a variety of pancreaticobiliary system disorders and conclude that it is an important diagnostic tool in terms of imaging of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system.展开更多
目的评价SpyGlass直视下激光碎石术治疗胆总管巨大结石(直径>2 cm)的临床疗效及安全性。方法2015年8月—2018年8月,山东第一医科大学第一附属医院收治的157例胆总管巨大结石患者纳入研究,采用随机数字随机分入SpyGlass组(78例)或腹...目的评价SpyGlass直视下激光碎石术治疗胆总管巨大结石(直径>2 cm)的临床疗效及安全性。方法2015年8月—2018年8月,山东第一医科大学第一附属医院收治的157例胆总管巨大结石患者纳入研究,采用随机数字随机分入SpyGlass组(78例)或腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)组(79例),SpyGlass组采用SpyGlass直视下激光碎石术治疗,LCBDE组采用LCBDE治疗。主要观察结石取净率和一次性结石取净率,非劣效检验的非劣效界值设为10%。次要观察指标包括中转率、短期并发症发生率、住院时间、患者生活质量(采用胃肠道生活质量指数评分)。结果结石取净率SpyGlass组和LCBDE组分别为92.3%(72/78)和96.2%(76/79)(P=0.023),非劣效假设成立;一次性结石取净率SpyGlass组和LCBDE组分别为83.3%(65/78)和96.2%(76/79)(P=0.124),非劣效假设不成立。与LCBDE组比较,SpyGlass组中转率略高[7.7%(6/78)比3.8%(3/79),P=0.294],短期并发症总体发生率略低[5.1%(4/78)比10.1%(8/79),P=0.246],住院时间更短[(5.65±0.94)d比(8.84±1.54)d,P=0.001],术后1个月、术后3个月胃肠道生活质量指数评分更高[术后1个月:(99.85±4.36)分比(91.51±5.47)分,P=0.001;术后3个月:(131.24±3.32)分比(112.32±7.77)分,P=0.001]。结论对于胆总管巨大结石,SpyGlass直视下激光碎石的疗效不劣于LCBDE,且更加微创,可作为LCBDE之外的治疗胆总管巨大结石的重要选择。展开更多
文摘Extraction of large pancreatic and common bile duct(CBD)calculi has always challenged the therapeutic endoscopist.Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy(ESWL)is an excellent tool for patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi that are not amenable to routine endotherapy.Pancreatic calculi in the head and body are targeted by ESWL,with an aim to fragment them to<3 mm diameter so that they can be extracted by subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP).In our experience,complete clearance of the pancreatic duct was achieved in 76% and partial clearance in 17%of 1006 patients.Short-term pain relief with reduction in the number of analgesics ingested was seen in 84%of these patients.For large CBD calculi,a nasobiliary tube is placed to help target the calculi,as well as bathe the calculi in salinea simple maneuver which helps to facilitate fragmenta-tion.The aim is to fragment calculi to<5 mm size and clear the same during ERCP.Complete clearance of the CBD was achieved in 84.4%of and partial clearance in 12.3%of 283 patients.More than 90%of the patients with pancreatic and biliary calculi needed three or fewer sessions of ESWL with 5000 shocks being de-livered at each session.The use of epidural anesthesia helped in reducing patient movement.This,together with the better focus achieved with newer third-gen-eration lithotripters,prevents collateral tissue damage and minimizes the complications.Complications in our experience with nearly 1300 patients were minimal,and no extension of hospital stay was required.Similar rates of clearance of pancreatic and biliary calculi with minimal adverse effects have been reported from the centers where ESWL is performed regularly.In view of its high efficiency,non-invasive nature and low complication rates,ESWL can be offered as the first-line therapy for selected patients with large pancreatic and CBD calculi.
文摘Background Percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） was mostly performed with fluoroscopy and/or ultrasonography. The safety and feasibility of PCNL performed totally under ultrasound are not clearly defined. Therefore, we introduce the 9-year experience of 8 025 ultrasound guided PCNL procedures from multiple centers in China performed by the same surgeon, to evaluate the feasibility and security of this technique. Methods From September 2004 to August 2013, 8 025 cases, 4 398 males （54.8%） and 3 627 females （45.2%）, whose age ranged from 6 months to 85 years old, with upper urinary tract stones, underwent PCNL in our center and the supported hospitals. Puncture site selection and channel dilation were all guided using only Doppler ultrasound. Single stones were treated in 1 356 cases, there were 2 817 cases of multi stones, and 3 852 cases of staghorn calculi. The pre- and post-operative imaging data, the intraoperative findings, operation time, perioperative complications, and related parameters were recorded. Results All procedures were successful. No patients died during the operation. Average operation time was 42 minutes （range 10 to 168 minutes）, 4 cases converted to open surgery, and 2 patients lost the diseased kidney due to refractory bleeding in the early stage of the PCNL. Ninety-four （1.2%） patients received blood transfusions and 20 （0.25%） patients needed highly selective renal artery embolization. Fifteen （0.19%） patients had a pleural injury. 5 457 （68%） cases were completed by a single tract and 2 568 （32%） cases added more tracts. The mean stone size （longest diameter） was 2.8 cm （range 1.2 to 26.5 cm）. The final stone-free rate was 85.5%. Residual stones occurred mainly in patients with renal dysfunction, medullary sponge kidney, and complete staghorn calculi with a slim calyceal neck. Conclusions X-ray free Doppler ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy is feasible and safe in a variety of cases of renal and/or upper ureteral stones. The probabi
文摘Flexible ureteroscopy(f URS) has become a more effective and safer treatment for whole upper urinary tract stones. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) is currently the first-line recommended treatment for large kidney stones ≥ 20 mm and it has an excellent stone-free rate for large kidney stones. However, its invasiveness is not negligible considering its major complication rates. Staged f URS is a practical treatmentfor such large kidney stones because f URS has a minimal blood transfusion risk, short hospitalization and few restrictions on daily routines. However, as the stone size becomes larger, the stone-free rate decreases, and the number of operations required increases. Therefore, in our opinion, staged f URS is a practical option for kidney stones 20 to 40 mm. Miniaturized PNL combined with f URS should be considered to be a preferred option for stones larger than 40 mm. Moreover, URS is an effective treatment for multiple upper urinary tract stones. Especially for patients with a stone burden < 20 mm, URS is a favorable option that promises a high stone-free rate after a single session either unilaterally or bilaterally. However, for patients with a stone burden ≥ 20 mm, a staged operation should be considered to achieve stone-free status.
文摘Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （MRCP） is being used with increasing frequency as a noninvasive alternative to diagnostic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP）. The aim of this pictorial review is to demonstrate the usefulness of MRCP in the evaluation of pancreatic and bilian/system disorders. Because the recently developed techniques allows improved spatial resolution and permits imaging of the entire pancreaticobiliary tract during a single breath hold, MRCP is of proven utility in a variety of pancreatic and bilian/ disorders. It uses MR imaging to visualize fluid in the bilian/and pancreatic ducts as high signal intensity on T2 weighted sequences and is the newest modality for pancreatic and biliary duct imaging. Herein, we present the clinical applications of MRCP in a variety of pancreaticobiliary system disorders and conclude that it is an important diagnostic tool in terms of imaging of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system.
文摘目的评价SpyGlass直视下激光碎石术治疗胆总管巨大结石(直径>2 cm)的临床疗效及安全性。方法2015年8月—2018年8月,山东第一医科大学第一附属医院收治的157例胆总管巨大结石患者纳入研究,采用随机数字随机分入SpyGlass组(78例)或腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)组(79例),SpyGlass组采用SpyGlass直视下激光碎石术治疗,LCBDE组采用LCBDE治疗。主要观察结石取净率和一次性结石取净率,非劣效检验的非劣效界值设为10%。次要观察指标包括中转率、短期并发症发生率、住院时间、患者生活质量(采用胃肠道生活质量指数评分)。结果结石取净率SpyGlass组和LCBDE组分别为92.3%(72/78)和96.2%(76/79)(P=0.023),非劣效假设成立;一次性结石取净率SpyGlass组和LCBDE组分别为83.3%(65/78)和96.2%(76/79)(P=0.124),非劣效假设不成立。与LCBDE组比较,SpyGlass组中转率略高[7.7%(6/78)比3.8%(3/79),P=0.294],短期并发症总体发生率略低[5.1%(4/78)比10.1%(8/79),P=0.246],住院时间更短[(5.65±0.94)d比(8.84±1.54)d,P=0.001],术后1个月、术后3个月胃肠道生活质量指数评分更高[术后1个月:(99.85±4.36)分比(91.51±5.47)分,P=0.001;术后3个月:(131.24±3.32)分比(112.32±7.77)分,P=0.001]。结论对于胆总管巨大结石,SpyGlass直视下激光碎石的疗效不劣于LCBDE,且更加微创,可作为LCBDE之外的治疗胆总管巨大结石的重要选择。
