The past five years have witnessed the discovery of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium(Ca2+) sensor STIM1 and the plasma membrane Ca2+channel Orai1 as the bona fide molecular components of the store-operated Ca2+ entry...The past five years have witnessed the discovery of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium(Ca2+) sensor STIM1 and the plasma membrane Ca2+channel Orai1 as the bona fide molecular components of the store-operated Ca2+ entry(SOCE) and the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+current(I CRAC) .It has been known for two decades that SOCE and ICRAC are required for lymphocyte activation as evidenced by severe immunodeficient phenotypes in patients lacking ICRAC.In recent years however,studies have uncovered expression of STIM1 and Orai1 proteins in various tissues and described additional roles for these proteins in physiological functions and pathophysiological conditions.Here,we will summarize novel findings pertaining to the role of STIM1 and Orai1 in the vascular system and discuss their potential use as targets in the therapy of vascular disease.展开更多
Smart Materials are along with Innovation attributes and Artificial Intelligence among the most used “buzz” words in all media. Central to their practical occurrence, many talents are to be gathered within new conte...Smart Materials are along with Innovation attributes and Artificial Intelligence among the most used “buzz” words in all media. Central to their practical occurrence, many talents are to be gathered within new contextual data influxes. Has this, in the last 20 years, changed some of the essential fundamental dimensions and the required skills of the actors such as providers, users, insiders, etc.? This is a preliminary focus and prelude of this review. As an example, polysaccharide materials are the most abundant macromolecules present as an integral part of the natural system of our planet. They are renewable, biodegradable, carbon neutral with low environmental, health and safety risks and serve as structural materials in the cell walls of plants. Most of them are used, for many years, as engineering materials in many important industrial processes, such as pulp and papermaking and manufacture of synthetic textile fibres. They are also used in other domains such as conversion into biofuels and, more recently, in the design of processes using polysaccharide nanoparticles. The main properties of polysaccharides (e.g. low density, thermal stability, chemical resistance, high mechanical strength…), together with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, durability and uniformity, allow their use for manufacturing smart materials such as blends and composites, electroactive polymers and hydrogels which can be obtained 1) through direct utilization and/or 2) after chemical or physical modifications of the polysaccharides. This paper reviews recent works developed on polysaccharides, mainly on cellulose, hemicelluloses, chitin, chitosans, alginates, and their by-products (blends and composites), with the objectives of manufacturing smart materials. It is worth noting that, today, the fundamental understanding of the molecular level interactions that confer smartness to polysaccharides remains poor and one can predict that new experimental and theoretical tools will emerge to develop the necessary 展开更多
2-A minoethyldiphenyl borate(2-APB)is the most commonly used pharmacological agent in the study of calcium release-activated channels(CRACa);however,its inhibitory mechanism to CRACs remains unclear.To address this is...2-A minoethyldiphenyl borate(2-APB)is the most commonly used pharmacological agent in the study of calcium release-activated channels(CRACa);however,its inhibitory mechanism to CRACs remains unclear.To address this issue,we systematically employed confocal imaging,dual-wavelength excitation photometry and FRET to examine the effects of 2-APB on the dynamic activities and function of STIM1 and Orail,two key components of CRACs.Imaging results support that there are two signaling pathways(Orail-independent and Orail-dependent)for the formation of STM1 puncta.2 APB could dose dependently block Orail-independent but not Oril-dependent STIM1 puncta formation,despite its obvious inhibition effect on store-opented Ca^(2+)entry(SOCE).In addition,we found that although 2-APB could not visibly alter near plasma membrane CAD-eYFP localization,it could completely block CAD-YFP-induced constitutive Ca^(2+)entry and promnote the interaction between Orail and CAD by FRET mea-surements.Therefore,we proposed that inhibitory action of 2-APB on SOCE might attribute to its direct inhbitory effects on Orail channel itself,but not the interference on puncta formation between STIM1 and Orail.展开更多
20131688 Bai Bin(Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100044,China);Wang Yuanqing Proeggysodon Gen.nov...20131688 Bai Bin(Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100044,China);Wang Yuanqing Proeggysodon Gen.nov.,a Primitive Eocene Eggysodontine(Mammatia,Perissodactyla)from Erden Obo,Siziwangqi,Inner Mongolia,China(Vertebrata Palasiatica,ISSN1000-3118,CN11-1905/Q,50(3),2012,p.204-218。展开更多
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(Grant No. 5R01HL097111)to Mohamed Trebak
文摘The past five years have witnessed the discovery of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium(Ca2+) sensor STIM1 and the plasma membrane Ca2+channel Orai1 as the bona fide molecular components of the store-operated Ca2+ entry(SOCE) and the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+current(I CRAC) .It has been known for two decades that SOCE and ICRAC are required for lymphocyte activation as evidenced by severe immunodeficient phenotypes in patients lacking ICRAC.In recent years however,studies have uncovered expression of STIM1 and Orai1 proteins in various tissues and described additional roles for these proteins in physiological functions and pathophysiological conditions.Here,we will summarize novel findings pertaining to the role of STIM1 and Orai1 in the vascular system and discuss their potential use as targets in the therapy of vascular disease.
文摘Smart Materials are along with Innovation attributes and Artificial Intelligence among the most used “buzz” words in all media. Central to their practical occurrence, many talents are to be gathered within new contextual data influxes. Has this, in the last 20 years, changed some of the essential fundamental dimensions and the required skills of the actors such as providers, users, insiders, etc.? This is a preliminary focus and prelude of this review. As an example, polysaccharide materials are the most abundant macromolecules present as an integral part of the natural system of our planet. They are renewable, biodegradable, carbon neutral with low environmental, health and safety risks and serve as structural materials in the cell walls of plants. Most of them are used, for many years, as engineering materials in many important industrial processes, such as pulp and papermaking and manufacture of synthetic textile fibres. They are also used in other domains such as conversion into biofuels and, more recently, in the design of processes using polysaccharide nanoparticles. The main properties of polysaccharides (e.g. low density, thermal stability, chemical resistance, high mechanical strength…), together with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, durability and uniformity, allow their use for manufacturing smart materials such as blends and composites, electroactive polymers and hydrogels which can be obtained 1) through direct utilization and/or 2) after chemical or physical modifications of the polysaccharides. This paper reviews recent works developed on polysaccharides, mainly on cellulose, hemicelluloses, chitin, chitosans, alginates, and their by-products (blends and composites), with the objectives of manufacturing smart materials. It is worth noting that, today, the fundamental understanding of the molecular level interactions that confer smartness to polysaccharides remains poor and one can predict that new experimental and theoretical tools will emerge to develop the necessary
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31371217 and 30871311).
文摘2-A minoethyldiphenyl borate(2-APB)is the most commonly used pharmacological agent in the study of calcium release-activated channels(CRACa);however,its inhibitory mechanism to CRACs remains unclear.To address this issue,we systematically employed confocal imaging,dual-wavelength excitation photometry and FRET to examine the effects of 2-APB on the dynamic activities and function of STIM1 and Orail,two key components of CRACs.Imaging results support that there are two signaling pathways(Orail-independent and Orail-dependent)for the formation of STM1 puncta.2 APB could dose dependently block Orail-independent but not Oril-dependent STIM1 puncta formation,despite its obvious inhibition effect on store-opented Ca^(2+)entry(SOCE).In addition,we found that although 2-APB could not visibly alter near plasma membrane CAD-eYFP localization,it could completely block CAD-YFP-induced constitutive Ca^(2+)entry and promnote the interaction between Orail and CAD by FRET mea-surements.Therefore,we proposed that inhibitory action of 2-APB on SOCE might attribute to its direct inhbitory effects on Orail channel itself,but not the interference on puncta formation between STIM1 and Orail.
文摘20131688 Bai Bin(Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100044,China);Wang Yuanqing Proeggysodon Gen.nov.,a Primitive Eocene Eggysodontine(Mammatia,Perissodactyla)from Erden Obo,Siziwangqi,Inner Mongolia,China(Vertebrata Palasiatica,ISSN1000-3118,CN11-1905/Q,50(3),2012,p.204-218。
