Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis） has higher commercial value as food source than any other species of Eriocheir in China. To evaluate the germplasm resources and characterize the genetic diversity and popula...Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis） has higher commercial value as food source than any other species of Eriocheir in China. To evaluate the germplasm resources and characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of the crabs in different water systems, two stocks and two farming populations were assessed with 25 polymorphic microsallite loci available in public GenBank. Basic statistics showed that the average observed heterozygosity （Ho） amongst populations ranged from 0.5789 to 0.6824. However, a remarkable presence of inbreeding and heterozygote deficiencies were observed. To analyze population structure, pairwise FST coefficients explained only -10.3% variability from the subdivision of mitten crab populations, the remaining variability stems from the subdivision within subpopulations. Although the four populations had slight differentiation, different allelic frequencies resulted in distinct population structures. Two stocks and one farming population were clustered together to the phylogenetic branch of Yangtze crab, with an approximate membership of 95%. Whereas, another farming population was clustered singly to the phylogenetic branch of the Liaohe crab, with a membership of 97.1%. The tests for individual admixture showed that Yangtze crab had probably been contaminated with individuals from other water systems. Genetic relationships between populations also supported the conclusion that Yangtze crab and Liaohe crab had different gene pools in spite of the origins of the same species.展开更多
本试验旨在研究普通棉籽粕(CSM)和发酵棉籽粕(FCSM)替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹生长性能、体成分和肝胰腺消化酶活性的影响。选用初始均重为(0.56±0.04)g的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹660只,随机分成11组,每组3个重复,每个重...本试验旨在研究普通棉籽粕(CSM)和发酵棉籽粕(FCSM)替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹生长性能、体成分和肝胰腺消化酶活性的影响。选用初始均重为(0.56±0.04)g的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹660只,随机分成11组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。配制CSM添加量分别为0、8.0%、16.0%、24.0%、32.0%、40.0%(分别记为CSM0、CSM8、CSM16、CSM24、CSM32、CSM40组)和FCSM添加量分别为8.0%、16.0%、24.0%、32.0%、47.5%(分别记为FCSM8、FCSM16、FCSM24、FCSM32、FCSM47.5组)的11种等氮(粗蛋白质,38.39%)等能(总能,19.18 M J/kg)试验饲料。试验期为6周。结果表明:CSM8、CSM16、FCSM8、FCSM16、FCSM24组的增重率、特定生长率、成活率与对照组(CSM0组)差异不显著(P>0.05)。CSM8、FCSM8、FCSM16、FCSM24组的全蟹粗蛋白质含量与对照组亦无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中CSM添加量超过16%或FCSM添加量超过24%时,增重率、特定生长率、成活率和全蟹粗蛋白质含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。不同水平的CSM和FCSM替代鱼粉对全蟹水分、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量以及肝胰腺脂肪酶活性的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。随着CSM或FCSM替代水平的升高,肝胰腺胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性逐渐下降,而淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性则逐渐升高。在相同替代水平下,FCSM组的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性均不同程度地高于CSM组,而FCSM组的纤维素酶活性则显著低于CSM组(P<0.05)。由此得出,作为中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饲料中鱼粉的替代蛋白质源时,CSM的适宜添加量为16%,FCSM的适宜添加量为24%。此外,相同替代水平下FCSM的替代效果好于CSM。展开更多
文摘Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis） has higher commercial value as food source than any other species of Eriocheir in China. To evaluate the germplasm resources and characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of the crabs in different water systems, two stocks and two farming populations were assessed with 25 polymorphic microsallite loci available in public GenBank. Basic statistics showed that the average observed heterozygosity （Ho） amongst populations ranged from 0.5789 to 0.6824. However, a remarkable presence of inbreeding and heterozygote deficiencies were observed. To analyze population structure, pairwise FST coefficients explained only -10.3% variability from the subdivision of mitten crab populations, the remaining variability stems from the subdivision within subpopulations. Although the four populations had slight differentiation, different allelic frequencies resulted in distinct population structures. Two stocks and one farming population were clustered together to the phylogenetic branch of Yangtze crab, with an approximate membership of 95%. Whereas, another farming population was clustered singly to the phylogenetic branch of the Liaohe crab, with a membership of 97.1%. The tests for individual admixture showed that Yangtze crab had probably been contaminated with individuals from other water systems. Genetic relationships between populations also supported the conclusion that Yangtze crab and Liaohe crab had different gene pools in spite of the origins of the same species.
文摘本试验旨在研究普通棉籽粕(CSM)和发酵棉籽粕(FCSM)替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹生长性能、体成分和肝胰腺消化酶活性的影响。选用初始均重为(0.56±0.04)g的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹660只,随机分成11组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。配制CSM添加量分别为0、8.0%、16.0%、24.0%、32.0%、40.0%(分别记为CSM0、CSM8、CSM16、CSM24、CSM32、CSM40组)和FCSM添加量分别为8.0%、16.0%、24.0%、32.0%、47.5%(分别记为FCSM8、FCSM16、FCSM24、FCSM32、FCSM47.5组)的11种等氮(粗蛋白质,38.39%)等能(总能,19.18 M J/kg)试验饲料。试验期为6周。结果表明:CSM8、CSM16、FCSM8、FCSM16、FCSM24组的增重率、特定生长率、成活率与对照组(CSM0组)差异不显著(P>0.05)。CSM8、FCSM8、FCSM16、FCSM24组的全蟹粗蛋白质含量与对照组亦无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中CSM添加量超过16%或FCSM添加量超过24%时,增重率、特定生长率、成活率和全蟹粗蛋白质含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。不同水平的CSM和FCSM替代鱼粉对全蟹水分、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量以及肝胰腺脂肪酶活性的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。随着CSM或FCSM替代水平的升高,肝胰腺胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性逐渐下降,而淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性则逐渐升高。在相同替代水平下,FCSM组的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性均不同程度地高于CSM组,而FCSM组的纤维素酶活性则显著低于CSM组(P<0.05)。由此得出,作为中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饲料中鱼粉的替代蛋白质源时,CSM的适宜添加量为16%,FCSM的适宜添加量为24%。此外,相同替代水平下FCSM的替代效果好于CSM。
