Contextual question answering （CQA）, in which user information needs are satisfied through an interactive question answering （QA） dialog, has recently attracted more research attention. One challenge is to fuse co...Contextual question answering （CQA）, in which user information needs are satisfied through an interactive question answering （QA） dialog, has recently attracted more research attention. One challenge is to fuse contextual information into the understanding process of relevant questions. In this paper, a discourse structure is proposed to maintain semantic information, and approaches for recognition of relevancy type and fusion of contextual information according to relevancy type are proposed. The system is evaluated on real contextual QA data. The results show that better performance is achieved than a baseline system and almost the same performance as when these contextual phenomena are resolved manually. A detailed evaluation analysis is presented.展开更多
Community Question Answering （CQA） websites have greatly facilitated users＇ lives, with an increasing number of people seeking help and exchanging ideas on the Internet. This newlymerged community features two char...Community Question Answering （CQA） websites have greatly facilitated users＇ lives, with an increasing number of people seeking help and exchanging ideas on the Internet. This newlymerged community features two characteristics： social relations and an ask-reply mechanism. As users＇ behaviours and social statuses play a more important role in CQA services than traditional answer retrieving websites, researchers＇ concerns have shifted from the need to passively find existing answers to actively seeking potential reply providers that may give answers in the near future. We analyse datasets derived from an online CQA system named ＂Quora＂, and observed that compared with traditional question answering services, users tend to contribute replies rather than questions for help in the CQA system. Inspired by the findings, we seek ways to evaluate the users＇ ability to offer prompt and reliable help, taking into account activity, authority and social reputation char- acteristics. We propose a hybrid method that is based on a Question-User network and social network using optimised PageRank algorithm. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method for ranking potential answer-providers.展开更多
In an emerging trend, more and more Internet users search for information from Community Question and Answer （CQA） websites, as interactive communication in such websites provides users with a rare feeling of trust....In an emerging trend, more and more Internet users search for information from Community Question and Answer （CQA） websites, as interactive communication in such websites provides users with a rare feeling of trust. More often than not, end users look for instant help when they browse the CQA websites for the best answers. Hence, it is imperative that they should be warned of any potential commercial campaigns hidden behind the answers. Existing research focuses more on the quality of answers and does not meet the above need. Textual similarities between questions and answers are widely used in previous research. However, this feature will no longer be effective when facing commercial paid posters. More context information, such as writing templates and a user’s reputation track, needs to be combined together to form a new model to detect the potential campaign answers. In this paper, we develop a system that automatically analyzes the hidden patterns of commercial spam and raises alarms instantaneously to end users whenever a potential commercial campaign is detected. Our detection method integrates semantic analysis and posters’ track records and utilizes the special features of CQA websites largely different from those in other types of forums such as microblogs or news reports. Our system is adaptive and accommodates new evidence uncovered by the detection algorithms over time. Validated with real-world trace data from a popular Chinese CQA website over a period of three months, our system shows great potential towards adaptive detection of CQA spams.展开更多
Community-based question answer（CQA） makes a figure network in development of social network. Similar question retrieval is one of the most important tasks in CQA. Most of the previous works on similar question retr...Community-based question answer（CQA） makes a figure network in development of social network. Similar question retrieval is one of the most important tasks in CQA. Most of the previous works on similar question retrieval were given with the underlying assumption that answers are similar if their questions are similar, but no work was done by modeling similarity measure with the constraint of the assumption. A new method of modeling similarity measure is proposed by constraining the measure with the assumption, and employing ensemble learning to get a comprehensive measure which integrates different context features for similarity measuring, including lexical, syntactic, semantic and latent semantic. Experiments indicate that the integrated model could get a relatively high performance consistence between question set and answer set. Models with better consistency tend to get a better precision according to answers.展开更多
As part of the method development, the injection volume as a critical quality attribute in fast fused-core chromatography was evaluated. Spilanthol, a pharmaceutically interesting N- alkylamide currently under investi...As part of the method development, the injection volume as a critical quality attribute in fast fused-core chromatography was evaluated. Spilanthol, a pharmaceutically interesting N- alkylamide currently under investigation in our laboratory, was chosen as the model compound. Spilanthol was dissolved in both PBS and MeOH/H20 （70/30, v/v） and subsequently analyzed using a fused-core system hereby selecting five chromatographic characteristics （retention time, area, height, theoretical plates and symmetry factor） as responses. We demonstrated that the injection volume significantly influenced both the qualitative and quantitative performance of fused-core chromatography, a phenomenon which is confounded with the nature of the used sample solvent. From 2 ~tL up to 100 laL injection volume with PBS as solvent, the symmetry factor decreased favorably by 20%. Moreover, the theoretical plates and the quantitative parameters （area and height） increased up to 30%. On the contrary, in this injection volume range, the theoretical plates for the methanol-based samples decreased by more than 60%, while the symmetry factor increased and the height decreased, both by 30%. The injection volume is thus a critical and often overlooked parameter in fused-core method description and validation.展开更多
【目的】对在线问答社区信息质量评价相关研究进行梳理和综述。【文献范围】利用Web of Knowledge、中国知网(CNKI)以及追溯法检索到的问答社区信息质量评价相关中英文文献。【方法】文献调研法,并按研究主题进行综述。【结果】目前在...【目的】对在线问答社区信息质量评价相关研究进行梳理和综述。【文献范围】利用Web of Knowledge、中国知网(CNKI)以及追溯法检索到的问答社区信息质量评价相关中英文文献。【方法】文献调研法,并按研究主题进行综述。【结果】目前在线问答社区信息质量评价研究主要集中在影响评价因素研究、人工评价、自动化评价三个方面,其中自动化评价以机器学习方法应用为主。【局限】不同解决方案比较时缺少具体的定量测评。【结论】目前的研究还存在缺乏权威评价标准以及缺少领域聚焦等不足,问答社区的信息质量问题还有很多尚未解决,更全面深入的分析评价以及自动化评价将是未来研究热点和重点。展开更多
Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) i...Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. The application of QbD in drug formulation and process design is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper,the basic knowledge of QbD, the elements of QbD, steps and tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology(PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the concrete applications of QbD in various pharmaceutical related unit operations are summarized and presented.展开更多
充分借鉴质量源于设计(QbD)的理念和方法,采用鱼骨分析法对影响替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片关键质量属性(CQA)的处方、过程、设备、环境、人员五大类过程因素进行剖析。运用失败模式和影响分析法(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)对...充分借鉴质量源于设计(QbD)的理念和方法,采用鱼骨分析法对影响替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片关键质量属性(CQA)的处方、过程、设备、环境、人员五大类过程因素进行剖析。运用失败模式和影响分析法(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)对各因素进行风险评估,并采用Plackett-Burman设计(PBD)对关键工艺参数(CPP)进行筛选。为确定设计空间的控制策略,采用Box-Behnken设计(BBD)对CPP进行优化,建立统计模型,用于分析替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片的制备过程。结果表明,物料温度为37℃、山梨醇粒径为90目、包衣粉用量为11.41%,此条件下自制双层片与原研制剂(Twynsta~?)中替米沙坦溶出曲线的相似因子(f_2)为94.2、有关物质(总杂)为0.90%,期望值能达到1.000。本试验证实通过设置95%置信区间,使设计空间边界的不确定性得到了较好的印证。结果表明,由此设计空间范围内制备的替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片符合拟定标准,且工艺稳定、可行。展开更多
文摘Contextual question answering （CQA）, in which user information needs are satisfied through an interactive question answering （QA） dialog, has recently attracted more research attention. One challenge is to fuse contextual information into the understanding process of relevant questions. In this paper, a discourse structure is proposed to maintain semantic information, and approaches for recognition of relevancy type and fusion of contextual information according to relevancy type are proposed. The system is evaluated on real contextual QA data. The results show that better performance is achieved than a baseline system and almost the same performance as when these contextual phenomena are resolved manually. A detailed evaluation analysis is presented.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61271041+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2009CB320504the iCore Integrated Project under Grant No.287708the National Scienceand Technology Major Project under Grants No.2012ZX03005008-001,No.2012ZX03002008
文摘Community Question Answering （CQA） websites have greatly facilitated users＇ lives, with an increasing number of people seeking help and exchanging ideas on the Internet. This newlymerged community features two characteristics： social relations and an ask-reply mechanism. As users＇ behaviours and social statuses play a more important role in CQA services than traditional answer retrieving websites, researchers＇ concerns have shifted from the need to passively find existing answers to actively seeking potential reply providers that may give answers in the near future. We analyse datasets derived from an online CQA system named ＂Quora＂, and observed that compared with traditional question answering services, users tend to contribute replies rather than questions for help in the CQA system. Inspired by the findings, we seek ways to evaluate the users＇ ability to offer prompt and reliable help, taking into account activity, authority and social reputation char- acteristics. We propose a hybrid method that is based on a Question-User network and social network using optimised PageRank algorithm. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method for ranking potential answer-providers.
文摘In an emerging trend, more and more Internet users search for information from Community Question and Answer （CQA） websites, as interactive communication in such websites provides users with a rare feeling of trust. More often than not, end users look for instant help when they browse the CQA websites for the best answers. Hence, it is imperative that they should be warned of any potential commercial campaigns hidden behind the answers. Existing research focuses more on the quality of answers and does not meet the above need. Textual similarities between questions and answers are widely used in previous research. However, this feature will no longer be effective when facing commercial paid posters. More context information, such as writing templates and a user’s reputation track, needs to be combined together to form a new model to detect the potential campaign answers. In this paper, we develop a system that automatically analyzes the hidden patterns of commercial spam and raises alarms instantaneously to end users whenever a potential commercial campaign is detected. Our detection method integrates semantic analysis and posters’ track records and utilizes the special features of CQA websites largely different from those in other types of forums such as microblogs or news reports. Our system is adaptive and accommodates new evidence uncovered by the detection algorithms over time. Validated with real-world trace data from a popular Chinese CQA website over a period of three months, our system shows great potential towards adaptive detection of CQA spams.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61273365)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA011104)
文摘Community-based question answer（CQA） makes a figure network in development of social network. Similar question retrieval is one of the most important tasks in CQA. Most of the previous works on similar question retrieval were given with the underlying assumption that answers are similar if their questions are similar, but no work was done by modeling similarity measure with the constraint of the assumption. A new method of modeling similarity measure is proposed by constraining the measure with the assumption, and employing ensemble learning to get a comprehensive measure which integrates different context features for similarity measuring, including lexical, syntactic, semantic and latent semantic. Experiments indicate that the integrated model could get a relatively high performance consistence between question set and answer set. Models with better consistency tend to get a better precision according to answers.
基金funded by the "Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen)’’ to Jente Boonen(No.091257) and to Matthias D’Hondt(No.101529)
文摘As part of the method development, the injection volume as a critical quality attribute in fast fused-core chromatography was evaluated. Spilanthol, a pharmaceutically interesting N- alkylamide currently under investigation in our laboratory, was chosen as the model compound. Spilanthol was dissolved in both PBS and MeOH/H20 （70/30, v/v） and subsequently analyzed using a fused-core system hereby selecting five chromatographic characteristics （retention time, area, height, theoretical plates and symmetry factor） as responses. We demonstrated that the injection volume significantly influenced both the qualitative and quantitative performance of fused-core chromatography, a phenomenon which is confounded with the nature of the used sample solvent. From 2 ~tL up to 100 laL injection volume with PBS as solvent, the symmetry factor decreased favorably by 20%. Moreover, the theoretical plates and the quantitative parameters （area and height） increased up to 30%. On the contrary, in this injection volume range, the theoretical plates for the methanol-based samples decreased by more than 60%, while the symmetry factor increased and the height decreased, both by 30%. The injection volume is thus a critical and often overlooked parameter in fused-core method description and validation.
文摘【目的】对在线问答社区信息质量评价相关研究进行梳理和综述。【文献范围】利用Web of Knowledge、中国知网(CNKI)以及追溯法检索到的问答社区信息质量评价相关中英文文献。【方法】文献调研法,并按研究主题进行综述。【结果】目前在线问答社区信息质量评价研究主要集中在影响评价因素研究、人工评价、自动化评价三个方面,其中自动化评价以机器学习方法应用为主。【局限】不同解决方案比较时缺少具体的定量测评。【结论】目前的研究还存在缺乏权威评价标准以及缺少领域聚焦等不足,问答社区的信息质量问题还有很多尚未解决,更全面深入的分析评价以及自动化评价将是未来研究热点和重点。
基金financially supported by Talents Project of Liaoning Province, China (LR2013047)
文摘Quality by Test was the only way to guarantee quality of drug products before FDA launched current Good Manufacturing Practice. To clearly understand the manufacture processes, FDA generalized Quality by Design(QbD) in the field of pharmacy, which is based on the thorough understanding of how materials and process parameters affect the quality profile of final products. The application of QbD in drug formulation and process design is based on a good understanding of the sources of variability and the manufacture process. In this paper,the basic knowledge of QbD, the elements of QbD, steps and tools for QbD implementation in pharmaceutics field, including risk assessment, design of experiment, and process analytical technology(PAT), are introduced briefly. Moreover, the concrete applications of QbD in various pharmaceutical related unit operations are summarized and presented.
文摘充分借鉴质量源于设计(QbD)的理念和方法,采用鱼骨分析法对影响替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片关键质量属性(CQA)的处方、过程、设备、环境、人员五大类过程因素进行剖析。运用失败模式和影响分析法(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)对各因素进行风险评估,并采用Plackett-Burman设计(PBD)对关键工艺参数(CPP)进行筛选。为确定设计空间的控制策略,采用Box-Behnken设计(BBD)对CPP进行优化,建立统计模型,用于分析替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片的制备过程。结果表明,物料温度为37℃、山梨醇粒径为90目、包衣粉用量为11.41%,此条件下自制双层片与原研制剂(Twynsta~?)中替米沙坦溶出曲线的相似因子(f_2)为94.2、有关物质(总杂)为0.90%,期望值能达到1.000。本试验证实通过设置95%置信区间,使设计空间边界的不确定性得到了较好的印证。结果表明,由此设计空间范围内制备的替米沙坦氨氯地平双层片符合拟定标准,且工艺稳定、可行。
