A solid oxygen carrier is usually applied in a chemical looping conversion process to transfer oxygen from the gaseous oxygen source to the fuel,which can avoid the direct contact of these two reactants and hence decr...A solid oxygen carrier is usually applied in a chemical looping conversion process to transfer oxygen from the gaseous oxygen source to the fuel,which can avoid the direct contact of these two reactants and hence decrease the energy penalty of separation.Among the solid oxygen carriers,iron-based oxygen carrier is an attractive option due to its inherent properties of low cost and environmentally-friendly.Several processes such as chemical looping combustion(CLC),chemical looping gasification(CLG),chemical looping reforming(CLR),and chemical looping hydrogen generation(CLHG)have been proposed and investigated based on the iron-based oxygen carrier.In this review,the relevant researches on the iron-based oxygen carrier are summarized,which include the characteristics of iron oxides,the preparations of the iron-based oxygen carrier based on the iron ores and some other low-cost iron contained materials,and their applications in the continuous operated chemical looping conversion processes.It is expected to provide a better understanding for the development and utilization of iron-based oxygen carrier in the practical chemical looping processes.展开更多
管道适合长距离、大输量的运输,是碳捕集、封存与利用(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)技术中连接碳源和碳汇的关键环节。但由于CO_(2)特殊的减压特性,CO_(2)长输管道在运行过程中发生泄漏后极易产生管材持续性裂纹扩展...管道适合长距离、大输量的运输,是碳捕集、封存与利用(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)技术中连接碳源和碳汇的关键环节。但由于CO_(2)特殊的减压特性,CO_(2)长输管道在运行过程中发生泄漏后极易产生管材持续性裂纹扩展。为此,从试验、理论研究及数值模拟3个方面综述了国内外对CO_(2)泄漏减压特性与裂纹扩展方面的研究现状,归纳总结不同状态方程、杂质因素、理论模型对泄漏减压特性的适应性,以及不同规模、初始条件与相态、杂质含量、泄漏方式下泄漏减压的试验成果。进而分析了不同相态、初始条件、管材、杂质含量及种类等因素对裂纹扩展的影响,并对比分析不同的CO_(2)管道裂纹扩展理论模型及其适用范围,以及裂纹扩展与流固耦合数值模拟方法。最后对未来亟需进一步开展研究的内容进行展望,以期为中国CO_(2)管道泄漏与裂纹扩展研究提供借鉴,从而促进并提升CCUS安全保障技术水平。展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,no.21506241,U1710101)Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology(Taiyuan University of Technology)the China Scholarship Council.
文摘A solid oxygen carrier is usually applied in a chemical looping conversion process to transfer oxygen from the gaseous oxygen source to the fuel,which can avoid the direct contact of these two reactants and hence decrease the energy penalty of separation.Among the solid oxygen carriers,iron-based oxygen carrier is an attractive option due to its inherent properties of low cost and environmentally-friendly.Several processes such as chemical looping combustion(CLC),chemical looping gasification(CLG),chemical looping reforming(CLR),and chemical looping hydrogen generation(CLHG)have been proposed and investigated based on the iron-based oxygen carrier.In this review,the relevant researches on the iron-based oxygen carrier are summarized,which include the characteristics of iron oxides,the preparations of the iron-based oxygen carrier based on the iron ores and some other low-cost iron contained materials,and their applications in the continuous operated chemical looping conversion processes.It is expected to provide a better understanding for the development and utilization of iron-based oxygen carrier in the practical chemical looping processes.
文摘管道适合长距离、大输量的运输,是碳捕集、封存与利用(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)技术中连接碳源和碳汇的关键环节。但由于CO_(2)特殊的减压特性,CO_(2)长输管道在运行过程中发生泄漏后极易产生管材持续性裂纹扩展。为此,从试验、理论研究及数值模拟3个方面综述了国内外对CO_(2)泄漏减压特性与裂纹扩展方面的研究现状,归纳总结不同状态方程、杂质因素、理论模型对泄漏减压特性的适应性,以及不同规模、初始条件与相态、杂质含量、泄漏方式下泄漏减压的试验成果。进而分析了不同相态、初始条件、管材、杂质含量及种类等因素对裂纹扩展的影响,并对比分析不同的CO_(2)管道裂纹扩展理论模型及其适用范围,以及裂纹扩展与流固耦合数值模拟方法。最后对未来亟需进一步开展研究的内容进行展望,以期为中国CO_(2)管道泄漏与裂纹扩展研究提供借鉴,从而促进并提升CCUS安全保障技术水平。
