通过往湖泊水样中添加杀菌剂(CuSO4和HgCl2),利用平衡法,用气相色谱仪测定CO2、CH4、N2O浓度,研究杀菌剂(CuSO4和HgCl2)添加对湖泊水体CO2、CH4、N2O浓度分析的影响.实验设计:对照组(CK)不加任何试剂;处理组T1加1mL CuSO4溶液,T2加5 mL ...通过往湖泊水样中添加杀菌剂(CuSO4和HgCl2),利用平衡法,用气相色谱仪测定CO2、CH4、N2O浓度,研究杀菌剂(CuSO4和HgCl2)添加对湖泊水体CO2、CH4、N2O浓度分析的影响.实验设计:对照组(CK)不加任何试剂;处理组T1加1mL CuSO4溶液,T2加5 mL CuSO4溶液,T3加0.5 mL HgCl2溶液;每组的水样分两批分析:(Ⅰ)预处理完成后立即分析和(Ⅱ)预处理完成后静置两天再分析.结果表明,CuSO4和HgCl2的添加均能明显增加水体中CO2的浓度,CK(Ⅰ)和CK(Ⅱ)的CO2平均浓度分别为(11.5±1.47)μmol·L-1和(14.38±1.59)μmol·L-1,T1(Ⅰ)和T1(Ⅱ)的CO2平均浓度分别为(376±70)μmol·L-1和(448±246.83)μmol·L-1;T2(Ⅰ)和T2(Ⅱ)的CO2平均浓度分别为(885±51.53)μmol·L-1和(988.83±101.96)μmol·L-1;T3(Ⅰ)和T3(Ⅱ)的CO2平均浓度分别为(287.19±30.01)μmol·L-1和(331.33±22.06)μmol·L-1.但CuSO4和HgCl2添加对水体中CH4和N2O的浓度没有影响.对比Ⅰ和Ⅱ的实验结果可知,在水样预处理完成后需当天分析其温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)浓度.本研究表明,杀菌剂的添加能显著增加水体CO2的浓度.展开更多
In this study, by analyzing CH4 concentration and 613CCH4 in soil-gas profiles, the potentials of CH4 gas transfer from ground to atmosphere were studied at four representative sectors in the Yakela condensed gas fiel...In this study, by analyzing CH4 concentration and 613CCH4 in soil-gas profiles, the potentials of CH4 gas transfer from ground to atmosphere were studied at four representative sectors in the Yakela condensed gas field in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. These are： 1） the oil-gas interface sector, 2） fault sector, 3） oil-water interface sector, 4） an external area. Variation in CH4 in soil-gas profiles showed that CH4 microseepage resulted from the migration of subsurface hydrocarbon from deep-buried reservoirs to the earth＇s surface. It was found that CH4 from deep-buried reservoirs could migrate upwards to the surface through faults, fissures and permeable rocks, during which some CH4 was oxidized and the unoxidized methane remained in the soil or was emitted into the atmosphere. The lowest level of CH4 at the soil-gas profile was found at the CH4 gas-phase equilibrium point at which the CH4 migration upwards from deep-buried reservoirs and the CH4 diffusion downwards from the atmosphere met. The 613CcH4 and ethane, propane in soil gas exhibited thermogenic characteristics, suggesting the occurrence of CH4 microseepage from deep-buried reservoirs. A linear correlation analysis between CH4 concentrations in soil gas and temperature, moisture, pH, Eh, Ec and particle size of soil indicated that both soil Eh and soil temperature could affect CH4 concentration in soil gas while soil pH could indirectly influence soil methanotrophic oxidation via impacting soil Eh.展开更多
采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)方法,通过改变CH_4浓度,在单晶Si(100)基底上制备掺氮纳米金刚石(NCD)薄膜,并以所制备的掺氮NCD薄膜为阴极材料,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、原子力扫描探针显微镜(AFM)、Raman光谱和S波段射...采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)方法,通过改变CH_4浓度,在单晶Si(100)基底上制备掺氮纳米金刚石(NCD)薄膜,并以所制备的掺氮NCD薄膜为阴极材料,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、原子力扫描探针显微镜(AFM)、Raman光谱和S波段射频电子枪等测试方法系统地研究了掺氮NCD薄膜的微观结构对微波场发射性能的影响。结果表明:在CH_4浓度(体积比)为4%下,制备的掺氮NCD薄膜的颗粒呈多面体,而且颗粒尺寸和表面粗糙度较大,薄膜中金刚石相含量较高,这些微观结构使得微波场发射性能较高,在电场强度(E_0)为67.7 V·μm^(-1)时,发射电流密度(J0)高达144.8 m A·cm^(-2)。当升高CH_4浓度,所制备的掺氮NCD薄膜的颗粒尺寸减小而且连成条状结构,表面粗糙度也逐渐降低,薄膜中金刚石相减少、非金刚石相增加,这些微观结构的改变使得微波场发射性能逐渐降低。如当CH_4浓度增加至6%时,在电场强度E_0=67.7 V·μm^(-1)时,场发射电流密度降至37.9 m A·cm^(-2)。结果表明:低CH_4浓度下,掺氮NCD薄膜所具有的微观结构有利于微波场发射。展开更多
为研究果蔬垃圾厌氧发酵时,垃圾分类及TS对反应系统产沼气的影响,文章进行了果蔬垃圾的初步分类以及各类垃圾不同TS的产气比较实验。结果显示,玉米芯类TS 15%组日产气表现最佳,第14天达到第二个产气高峰,为3085 m L。累积产气量方面,玉...为研究果蔬垃圾厌氧发酵时,垃圾分类及TS对反应系统产沼气的影响,文章进行了果蔬垃圾的初步分类以及各类垃圾不同TS的产气比较实验。结果显示,玉米芯类TS 15%组日产气表现最佳,第14天达到第二个产气高峰,为3085 m L。累积产气量方面,玉米芯类TS 15%组达到67880 m L,分别是水果皮类TS 15%和叶草类TS 15%组的8.17倍和2.34倍;而产气率方面,玉米芯类TS 15%和TS 8%组都表现较好,达0.34 m L·g-1TS以上。除水果皮类,其他各组在整个发酵期间的甲烷浓度维持正常上升至稳定,与各组产气情况相一致。通过以上结果可知,不同类的果蔬垃圾具有不同的产气特性,在实际发酵中,可考虑添加玉米芯类物质并减少或去除水果皮类物质。展开更多
文摘通过往湖泊水样中添加杀菌剂(CuSO4和HgCl2),利用平衡法,用气相色谱仪测定CO2、CH4、N2O浓度,研究杀菌剂(CuSO4和HgCl2)添加对湖泊水体CO2、CH4、N2O浓度分析的影响.实验设计:对照组(CK)不加任何试剂;处理组T1加1mL CuSO4溶液,T2加5 mL CuSO4溶液,T3加0.5 mL HgCl2溶液;每组的水样分两批分析:(Ⅰ)预处理完成后立即分析和(Ⅱ)预处理完成后静置两天再分析.结果表明,CuSO4和HgCl2的添加均能明显增加水体中CO2的浓度,CK(Ⅰ)和CK(Ⅱ)的CO2平均浓度分别为(11.5±1.47)μmol·L-1和(14.38±1.59)μmol·L-1,T1(Ⅰ)和T1(Ⅱ)的CO2平均浓度分别为(376±70)μmol·L-1和(448±246.83)μmol·L-1;T2(Ⅰ)和T2(Ⅱ)的CO2平均浓度分别为(885±51.53)μmol·L-1和(988.83±101.96)μmol·L-1;T3(Ⅰ)和T3(Ⅱ)的CO2平均浓度分别为(287.19±30.01)μmol·L-1和(331.33±22.06)μmol·L-1.但CuSO4和HgCl2添加对水体中CH4和N2O的浓度没有影响.对比Ⅰ和Ⅱ的实验结果可知,在水样预处理完成后需当天分析其温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)浓度.本研究表明,杀菌剂的添加能显著增加水体CO2的浓度.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40973076 and 41072099)
文摘In this study, by analyzing CH4 concentration and 613CCH4 in soil-gas profiles, the potentials of CH4 gas transfer from ground to atmosphere were studied at four representative sectors in the Yakela condensed gas field in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. These are： 1） the oil-gas interface sector, 2） fault sector, 3） oil-water interface sector, 4） an external area. Variation in CH4 in soil-gas profiles showed that CH4 microseepage resulted from the migration of subsurface hydrocarbon from deep-buried reservoirs to the earth＇s surface. It was found that CH4 from deep-buried reservoirs could migrate upwards to the surface through faults, fissures and permeable rocks, during which some CH4 was oxidized and the unoxidized methane remained in the soil or was emitted into the atmosphere. The lowest level of CH4 at the soil-gas profile was found at the CH4 gas-phase equilibrium point at which the CH4 migration upwards from deep-buried reservoirs and the CH4 diffusion downwards from the atmosphere met. The 613CcH4 and ethane, propane in soil gas exhibited thermogenic characteristics, suggesting the occurrence of CH4 microseepage from deep-buried reservoirs. A linear correlation analysis between CH4 concentrations in soil gas and temperature, moisture, pH, Eh, Ec and particle size of soil indicated that both soil Eh and soil temperature could affect CH4 concentration in soil gas while soil pH could indirectly influence soil methanotrophic oxidation via impacting soil Eh.
文摘采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)方法,通过改变CH_4浓度,在单晶Si(100)基底上制备掺氮纳米金刚石(NCD)薄膜,并以所制备的掺氮NCD薄膜为阴极材料,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、原子力扫描探针显微镜(AFM)、Raman光谱和S波段射频电子枪等测试方法系统地研究了掺氮NCD薄膜的微观结构对微波场发射性能的影响。结果表明:在CH_4浓度(体积比)为4%下,制备的掺氮NCD薄膜的颗粒呈多面体,而且颗粒尺寸和表面粗糙度较大,薄膜中金刚石相含量较高,这些微观结构使得微波场发射性能较高,在电场强度(E_0)为67.7 V·μm^(-1)时,发射电流密度(J0)高达144.8 m A·cm^(-2)。当升高CH_4浓度,所制备的掺氮NCD薄膜的颗粒尺寸减小而且连成条状结构,表面粗糙度也逐渐降低,薄膜中金刚石相减少、非金刚石相增加,这些微观结构的改变使得微波场发射性能逐渐降低。如当CH_4浓度增加至6%时,在电场强度E_0=67.7 V·μm^(-1)时,场发射电流密度降至37.9 m A·cm^(-2)。结果表明:低CH_4浓度下,掺氮NCD薄膜所具有的微观结构有利于微波场发射。
文摘为研究果蔬垃圾厌氧发酵时,垃圾分类及TS对反应系统产沼气的影响,文章进行了果蔬垃圾的初步分类以及各类垃圾不同TS的产气比较实验。结果显示,玉米芯类TS 15%组日产气表现最佳,第14天达到第二个产气高峰,为3085 m L。累积产气量方面,玉米芯类TS 15%组达到67880 m L,分别是水果皮类TS 15%和叶草类TS 15%组的8.17倍和2.34倍;而产气率方面,玉米芯类TS 15%和TS 8%组都表现较好,达0.34 m L·g-1TS以上。除水果皮类,其他各组在整个发酵期间的甲烷浓度维持正常上升至稳定,与各组产气情况相一致。通过以上结果可知,不同类的果蔬垃圾具有不同的产气特性,在实际发酵中,可考虑添加玉米芯类物质并减少或去除水果皮类物质。
