Recent advances in high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),which was developed in the 1940s as a viable thermal tissue ablation approach,have increased its popularity.In clinics,HIFU has been applied to treat a variet...Recent advances in high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),which was developed in the 1940s as a viable thermal tissue ablation approach,have increased its popularity.In clinics,HIFU has been applied to treat a variety of solid malignant tumors in a well-defined volume,including the pancreas,liver,prostate,breast,uterine fibroids,and soft-tissue sarcomas.In comparison to conventional tumor/cancer treatment modalities,such as open surgery,radio-and chemo-therapy,HIFU has the advantages of non-invasion,non-ionization,and fewer complications after treatment.Over 100 000 cases have been treated throughout the world with great success.The fundamental principles of HIFU ablation are coagulative thermal necrosis due to the absorption of ultrasound energy during transmission in tissue and the induced cavitation damage.This paper reviews the clinical outcomes of HIFU ablation for applicable cancers,and then summarizes the recommendations for a satisfactory HIFU treatment according to clinical experience.In addition,the current challenges in HIFU for engineers and physicians are also included.More recent horizons have broadened the application of HIFU in tumor treatment,such as HIFU-mediated drug delivery,vessel occlusion,and soft tissue erosion(“histotripsy”).In summary,HIFU is likely to play a significant role in the future oncology practice.展开更多
In ocean engineering, the applications are usually related to a free surface which brings so many interesting physical phenomena （e.g. water waves, impacts, splashing jets, etc.）. To model these complex free surface...In ocean engineering, the applications are usually related to a free surface which brings so many interesting physical phenomena （e.g. water waves, impacts, splashing jets, etc.）. To model these complex free surface flows is a tough and challenging task for most computational fluid dynamics （CFD） solvers which work in the Eulerian framework. As a Lagrangian and meshless method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics （SPH） offers a convenient tracking for different complex boundaries and a straightforward satisfaction for different boundary conditions. Therefore SPH is robust in modeling complex hydrodynamic problems characterized by free surface boundaries, multiphase interfaces or material discontinuities. Along with the rapid development of the SPH theory, related numerical techniques and high-performance computing technologies, SPH has not only attracted much attention in the academic community, but also gradually gained wide applications in industrial circles. This paper is dedicated to a review of the recent developments of SPH method and its typical applications in fluid-structure interactions in ocean engineering. Different numerical techniques for improving numerical accuracy, satisfying different boundary conditions, improving computational efficie- ncy, suppressing pressure fluctuations and preventing the tensile instability, etc., are introduced. In the numerical results, various typical fluid-structure interaction problems or multiphase problems in ocean engineering are described, modeled and validated. The prospective developments of SPH in ocean engineering are also discussed.展开更多
文摘Recent advances in high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU),which was developed in the 1940s as a viable thermal tissue ablation approach,have increased its popularity.In clinics,HIFU has been applied to treat a variety of solid malignant tumors in a well-defined volume,including the pancreas,liver,prostate,breast,uterine fibroids,and soft-tissue sarcomas.In comparison to conventional tumor/cancer treatment modalities,such as open surgery,radio-and chemo-therapy,HIFU has the advantages of non-invasion,non-ionization,and fewer complications after treatment.Over 100 000 cases have been treated throughout the world with great success.The fundamental principles of HIFU ablation are coagulative thermal necrosis due to the absorption of ultrasound energy during transmission in tissue and the induced cavitation damage.This paper reviews the clinical outcomes of HIFU ablation for applicable cancers,and then summarizes the recommendations for a satisfactory HIFU treatment according to clinical experience.In addition,the current challenges in HIFU for engineers and physicians are also included.More recent horizons have broadened the application of HIFU in tumor treatment,such as HIFU-mediated drug delivery,vessel occlusion,and soft tissue erosion(“histotripsy”).In summary,HIFU is likely to play a significant role in the future oncology practice.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.U1430236,51609049)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2015M581432)the China Scholarship Council(CSC,Grant No.201506680004)
文摘In ocean engineering, the applications are usually related to a free surface which brings so many interesting physical phenomena （e.g. water waves, impacts, splashing jets, etc.）. To model these complex free surface flows is a tough and challenging task for most computational fluid dynamics （CFD） solvers which work in the Eulerian framework. As a Lagrangian and meshless method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics （SPH） offers a convenient tracking for different complex boundaries and a straightforward satisfaction for different boundary conditions. Therefore SPH is robust in modeling complex hydrodynamic problems characterized by free surface boundaries, multiphase interfaces or material discontinuities. Along with the rapid development of the SPH theory, related numerical techniques and high-performance computing technologies, SPH has not only attracted much attention in the academic community, but also gradually gained wide applications in industrial circles. This paper is dedicated to a review of the recent developments of SPH method and its typical applications in fluid-structure interactions in ocean engineering. Different numerical techniques for improving numerical accuracy, satisfying different boundary conditions, improving computational efficie- ncy, suppressing pressure fluctuations and preventing the tensile instability, etc., are introduced. In the numerical results, various typical fluid-structure interaction problems or multiphase problems in ocean engineering are described, modeled and validated. The prospective developments of SPH in ocean engineering are also discussed.
