目的探讨以问题为基础教学(problem based learning,PBL)在脑动静脉畸形外科临床教学中的应用价值。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科轮转的研究生30例,随机分为实验组和对照组各15例,分别采用PBL教学和以授课为基础的教学...目的探讨以问题为基础教学(problem based learning,PBL)在脑动静脉畸形外科临床教学中的应用价值。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科轮转的研究生30例,随机分为实验组和对照组各15例,分别采用PBL教学和以授课为基础的教学法,对两组学生进行基础知识、病例分析和手术治疗策略分析测试,比较两组的测试成绩。结果实验组与对照组相比较,基础理论知识考试成绩有降低趋势,但差异无显著性(P=0.51);病例分析考试成绩(P<0.001)和手术治疗策略分析(P<0.001)较对照组显著增高。结论 PBL教学法是适合脑动静脉畸形临床教学的有效方法,有助于培养研究生的病例分析能力和手术治疗策略分析能力。展开更多
Background Endovascular therapy plays an important role in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations （BAVMs）. Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer （Onyx） is a novel liquid embolic material. This study aimed t...Background Endovascular therapy plays an important role in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations （BAVMs）. Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer （Onyx） is a novel liquid embolic material. This study aimed to summarize our experience of using Onyx for embolization of BAVMs with the focus on embolization technique. Methods From September 2003 to November 2007, 115 patients （43 women and 72 men, with a mean age of 29 years） with BAVMs were endovascularly treated with Onyx in our department. The following features of all AVMs were evaluated prior to treatment： type of nidus and shunt, draining veins, and feeding arteries. A total of 196 endovascular procedures were performed. Results The course of endovascular treatment was completed in 88 patients. Additional sessions were planned in 27 patients. Of the 88 patients, total occlusion was obtained in 23 patients （26.1%）, near-total （〉80% of the original volume） occlusion was obtained in 35 patients （39.8%） and partial occlusion （〈80% of the original volume） was obtained in 30 patients （34.1%） using embolization as the sole therapeutic technique. Mean volume reduction was 72% （range 30%-100%） in 115 patients. Thirty four patients （38.6%, 34/88） underwent radiosurgical treatment. Additional embolization sessions were planned in 27 patients. Complications occurred in 19 patients （16.5%, 19/115）, leading to death in one patient （mortality 0.9%） and permanent disabling in 3 patients （morbidity 2.6%）. Conclusions Onyx was shown to be feasible and safe for embolization of BAVMs. Proper use of the Onyx injection technique largely improved the endovascular treatment of BAVMs. Large AVMs can be adequately reduced in size through the use of additional treatment.展开更多
文摘目的探讨以问题为基础教学(problem based learning,PBL)在脑动静脉畸形外科临床教学中的应用价值。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科轮转的研究生30例,随机分为实验组和对照组各15例,分别采用PBL教学和以授课为基础的教学法,对两组学生进行基础知识、病例分析和手术治疗策略分析测试,比较两组的测试成绩。结果实验组与对照组相比较,基础理论知识考试成绩有降低趋势,但差异无显著性(P=0.51);病例分析考试成绩(P<0.001)和手术治疗策略分析(P<0.001)较对照组显著增高。结论 PBL教学法是适合脑动静脉畸形临床教学的有效方法,有助于培养研究生的病例分析能力和手术治疗策略分析能力。
文摘Background Endovascular therapy plays an important role in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations （BAVMs）. Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer （Onyx） is a novel liquid embolic material. This study aimed to summarize our experience of using Onyx for embolization of BAVMs with the focus on embolization technique. Methods From September 2003 to November 2007, 115 patients （43 women and 72 men, with a mean age of 29 years） with BAVMs were endovascularly treated with Onyx in our department. The following features of all AVMs were evaluated prior to treatment： type of nidus and shunt, draining veins, and feeding arteries. A total of 196 endovascular procedures were performed. Results The course of endovascular treatment was completed in 88 patients. Additional sessions were planned in 27 patients. Of the 88 patients, total occlusion was obtained in 23 patients （26.1%）, near-total （〉80% of the original volume） occlusion was obtained in 35 patients （39.8%） and partial occlusion （〈80% of the original volume） was obtained in 30 patients （34.1%） using embolization as the sole therapeutic technique. Mean volume reduction was 72% （range 30%-100%） in 115 patients. Thirty four patients （38.6%, 34/88） underwent radiosurgical treatment. Additional embolization sessions were planned in 27 patients. Complications occurred in 19 patients （16.5%, 19/115）, leading to death in one patient （mortality 0.9%） and permanent disabling in 3 patients （morbidity 2.6%）. Conclusions Onyx was shown to be feasible and safe for embolization of BAVMs. Proper use of the Onyx injection technique largely improved the endovascular treatment of BAVMs. Large AVMs can be adequately reduced in size through the use of additional treatment.
