As an extension of traditional trade,digital trade is a new type of trade in the era of the digital economy.In this paper,we first analyze the digital trade-related strategies of eight leading economies through word c...As an extension of traditional trade,digital trade is a new type of trade in the era of the digital economy.In this paper,we first analyze the digital trade-related strategies of eight leading economies through word clouds and dissect China s digital trade-related policies using the word frequency method by sorting through the digital trade-related policy documents of 26 economies and Chinese provinces.We then evaluate the status quo of digital trade development in 111 countries and Chinese provinces by building a digital trade index system to determine the development environment and market potential.The results show that all countries attach great importance to digital technology,data and government guidance in the development of digital trade.The results also reveal that"development,""service"and"construction"are the three most frequently used words in various Chinese documents.The overall level of China s digital trade is at the global vanguard,but is characterized by uneven regional development.In the era of digital trade,traditional international trade theory is also in urgent need of breakthroughs and innovation.展开更多
Root border cells, previously referred to as sloughed root cap cells, is a special cell population which separates in large numbers from the periphery of the root cap and accumulates in the root tip. Recent evidence r...Root border cells, previously referred to as sloughed root cap cells, is a special cell population which separates in large numbers from the periphery of the root cap and accumulates in the root tip. Recent evidence reveals that border cells, whose development is regulated by endogenous and exogenous signals, are biologically viable in the majority of higher plant species. As soon as border cells detach from root cap periphery, their metabolic activity dramatically increases in accordance with a differential gene expression from that in root cap cells. Recently, PsUGT1 and RCPME1, relevant to the early and late stage of border cell development, respectively, have been cloned and functionally identified. Border cells can synthesize specially and export a diverse array of chemicals including anthocyanins, antibiotics, special enzymes and other substances, that either inhibit or promote the growth of other entities in rhizosphere such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes, and also antagonize some toxic chemicals around the root tip in soil such as aluminum toxicity. Therefore, there are multiple biological roles played by border cells during plant growth and development.展开更多
基金the Key Grant Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education of China(No.16JZD021)titled"Research on Forecast and Mitigation Mechanisms for Operational Risks of Crossborder E-commerce Enterprises",Hongsheng Zhang's work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71803173)+1 种基金ntitled"Research on the Promotion of Cross-border E-commerce on the Enhancement of Global Value Chain Status,"the Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China(No.18YJC790215)entitled"Research on the Evolution of Trade Cost Based on Crossborder E-commerce"and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2017M620237 and 2018T110579).
文摘As an extension of traditional trade,digital trade is a new type of trade in the era of the digital economy.In this paper,we first analyze the digital trade-related strategies of eight leading economies through word clouds and dissect China s digital trade-related policies using the word frequency method by sorting through the digital trade-related policy documents of 26 economies and Chinese provinces.We then evaluate the status quo of digital trade development in 111 countries and Chinese provinces by building a digital trade index system to determine the development environment and market potential.The results show that all countries attach great importance to digital technology,data and government guidance in the development of digital trade.The results also reveal that"development,""service"and"construction"are the three most frequently used words in various Chinese documents.The overall level of China s digital trade is at the global vanguard,but is characterized by uneven regional development.In the era of digital trade,traditional international trade theory is also in urgent need of breakthroughs and innovation.
文摘Root border cells, previously referred to as sloughed root cap cells, is a special cell population which separates in large numbers from the periphery of the root cap and accumulates in the root tip. Recent evidence reveals that border cells, whose development is regulated by endogenous and exogenous signals, are biologically viable in the majority of higher plant species. As soon as border cells detach from root cap periphery, their metabolic activity dramatically increases in accordance with a differential gene expression from that in root cap cells. Recently, PsUGT1 and RCPME1, relevant to the early and late stage of border cell development, respectively, have been cloned and functionally identified. Border cells can synthesize specially and export a diverse array of chemicals including anthocyanins, antibiotics, special enzymes and other substances, that either inhibit or promote the growth of other entities in rhizosphere such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes, and also antagonize some toxic chemicals around the root tip in soil such as aluminum toxicity. Therefore, there are multiple biological roles played by border cells during plant growth and development.
