Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however th...Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however that of P.vivax transmitted by Anopheles sinensis in China has not been investigated.There is a lot of work on the relationship between P.vivax cases and climatic factors in China,with sometimes contradicting results.However,how climatic factors affect transmission rate of P.vivax in China is unknown.We used Anhui province as an example to analyze the recent transmission dynamics where two types of malaria have been reported with differing etiologies.We examined breakpoints of the P.vivax and P.falciparum malaria long term dynamics in the recent decade.For locally transmitted P.vivax malaria,we analyzed the transmission rate and its seasonality using the combined human and mosquitos SIR-SI model with time-varied mosquito biting rate.We identified the effects of meteorological factors on the seasonality in transmission rate using a GAM model.For the imported P.falciparum ma-laria,we analyzed the potential reason for the observed increase in cases.The breakpoints of P.vivax and P.falciparum dynamics happened in a same year,2010.The seasonality in the transmission rate of P.vivax malaria was high(42.4%)and was linearly associated with temperature and nonlinearly with rainfall.The abrupt increase in im-ported P.falciparum cases after the breakpoint was significantly related to the increased annual Chinese investment in Africa.Under the conditions of the existing vectors of malaria,long-term trends in climatic fac-tors,and increasing trend in migration to/from endemic areas and imported malaria cases,we should be cautious of the possibility of the reestablishment of malaria in regions where it has been eliminated or the establishment of other vector-borne diseases.展开更多
Orthogonal time-frequency space(OTFS),which exhibits beneficial advantages in high-mobility scenarios,has been considered as a promising technology in future wireless communication systems.In this paper,a universal mo...Orthogonal time-frequency space(OTFS),which exhibits beneficial advantages in high-mobility scenarios,has been considered as a promising technology in future wireless communication systems.In this paper,a universal model for OTFS systems with generalized waveform has been developed.Furthermore,the average bit error probability(ABEP)upper bounds of the optimal maximum likelihood(ML)detector are first derived for OTFS systems with generalized waveforms.Specifically,for OTFS systems with the ideal waveform,we elicit the ABEP bound by recombining the transmitted signal and the received signal.For OTFS systems with practical waveforms,a universal ABEP upper bound expression is derived using moment-generating function(MGF),which is further extended to MIMO-OTFS systems.Numerical results validate that our theoretical ABEP upper bounds are concur with the simulation performance achieved by ML detectors.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2018MH037).
文摘Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases have opposite trends in Anhui China in the past decade.Long term and seasonal trends in the transmission rate of P.falciparum in Africa has been well studied,however that of P.vivax transmitted by Anopheles sinensis in China has not been investigated.There is a lot of work on the relationship between P.vivax cases and climatic factors in China,with sometimes contradicting results.However,how climatic factors affect transmission rate of P.vivax in China is unknown.We used Anhui province as an example to analyze the recent transmission dynamics where two types of malaria have been reported with differing etiologies.We examined breakpoints of the P.vivax and P.falciparum malaria long term dynamics in the recent decade.For locally transmitted P.vivax malaria,we analyzed the transmission rate and its seasonality using the combined human and mosquitos SIR-SI model with time-varied mosquito biting rate.We identified the effects of meteorological factors on the seasonality in transmission rate using a GAM model.For the imported P.falciparum ma-laria,we analyzed the potential reason for the observed increase in cases.The breakpoints of P.vivax and P.falciparum dynamics happened in a same year,2010.The seasonality in the transmission rate of P.vivax malaria was high(42.4%)and was linearly associated with temperature and nonlinearly with rainfall.The abrupt increase in im-ported P.falciparum cases after the breakpoint was significantly related to the increased annual Chinese investment in Africa.Under the conditions of the existing vectors of malaria,long-term trends in climatic fac-tors,and increasing trend in migration to/from endemic areas and imported malaria cases,we should be cautious of the possibility of the reestablishment of malaria in regions where it has been eliminated or the establishment of other vector-borne diseases.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2021YFB2900502the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 62001179the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2020kfyXJJS111。
文摘Orthogonal time-frequency space(OTFS),which exhibits beneficial advantages in high-mobility scenarios,has been considered as a promising technology in future wireless communication systems.In this paper,a universal model for OTFS systems with generalized waveform has been developed.Furthermore,the average bit error probability(ABEP)upper bounds of the optimal maximum likelihood(ML)detector are first derived for OTFS systems with generalized waveforms.Specifically,for OTFS systems with the ideal waveform,we elicit the ABEP bound by recombining the transmitted signal and the received signal.For OTFS systems with practical waveforms,a universal ABEP upper bound expression is derived using moment-generating function(MGF),which is further extended to MIMO-OTFS systems.Numerical results validate that our theoretical ABEP upper bounds are concur with the simulation performance achieved by ML detectors.
