Natural biopolymers feature natural abundance,diverse chemical compositions,tunable properties,easy processability,excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,as well as nontoxicity,providing new opportunities for...Natural biopolymers feature natural abundance,diverse chemical compositions,tunable properties,easy processability,excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,as well as nontoxicity,providing new opportunities for the development of flexible sensing and energy devices.Generally,biopolymers are utilized as the passive and active building blocks to endow the flexible devices with mechanical robustness and good biocompatibility.This review aims to provide a comprehensive review on natural biopolymer-based sensing and energy devices.The diverse structures and fabrication processes of three typical biopolymers,including silk,cellulose,and chitin/chitosan,are presented.We review their utilities as the supporting substrates/matrix,active middle layers,separators,electrolytes,and active components of flexible sensing devices(sensors,actuators,transistors)and energy devices(batteries,supercapacitors,triboelectric nanogenerators).Finally,the remaining challenges and future research opportunities are discussed.展开更多
A procedure for the preparation of continuous rod consisting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate\|co\|ethylene dimethacrylate) for immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is presented. When chelating Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ)...A procedure for the preparation of continuous rod consisting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate\|co\|ethylene dimethacrylate) for immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is presented. When chelating Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) on it, the rod displayed a property of IMAC and the selectivity for protein separation was different from that obtained from the naked rod. An abnormal increase in retention times of proteins was found under the condition of either very high pH or very low pH on the metal chelated rods.展开更多
Biochemical, chemical, and mechanical, techniques have been employed to enhance soil resilience for decades. While the use of mechanical techniques requires transporting huge amounts of soil materials, the cement used...Biochemical, chemical, and mechanical, techniques have been employed to enhance soil resilience for decades. While the use of mechanical techniques requires transporting huge amounts of soil materials, the cement used in chemical techniques may lead to increase atmospheric carbon dioxide. Numerous studies indicate that biochemical techniques may be less expensive, cost effective, and environmentally friendly. Biopolymers and enzymes derived from microorganisms have been suggested as biological enhancers in strengthening and fortifying soils used for earthen structures. Lime and other treatment techniques used as biobased materials have been shown to be less effective for stabilizing soils. Here, we review biochemical processes and techniques involved in the interactions of soil enzymes, microorganisms, microbial extracellular polymeric substances, and other biopolymers with soil particles, and the challenges and strategies of their use as biobased materials for stabilizing soils. This review provides their impacts on various soil properties and the growth potentials of agricultural crops. .展开更多
Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials.The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms.This field is rapidly evolving.Marin...Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials.The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms.This field is rapidly evolving.Marine biomaterials experience several periods of discovery and development ranging from coralline bone graft to polysaccharide-based biomaterials.The latter are represented by chitin and chitosan,marine-derived collagen,and composites of different organisms of marine origin.The diversity of marine natural products,their properties and applications are discussed thoroughly in the present review.These materials are easily available and possess excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability and potent bioactive characteristics.Important applications of marine biomaterials include medical applications,antimicrobial agents,drug delivery agents,anticoagulants,rehabilitation of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,bone diseases and diabetes,as well as comestible,cosmetic and industrial applications.展开更多
To explore the preparative method an d study the degradation characteristics of bone repair composite of DL polylac tic acid (PDLLA)/hydroxyapatite(HA)/decalcifying bone matrix (DBM) in vitro. Methods: An emulsion ble...To explore the preparative method an d study the degradation characteristics of bone repair composite of DL polylac tic acid (PDLLA)/hydroxyapatite(HA)/decalcifying bone matrix (DBM) in vitro. Methods: An emulsion blend method was developed to prepare the composite of PDLLA/HA/DBM in weight ratio of PDLLA:HA:DBM= 1.5 2 : 1 1.5 : 1. The dynamic changes of weight, biomechanical property and pH value of PDLLA/ HA/DBM and PDLLA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4 ) were studied re spectively through degradation tests in vitro. Results: Without being heated, PDLLA, HA and DBM could be synt hesized with the emulsion blend method as bone composite of PDLLA/HA/DBM, which had both osteoconductive and osteoinductive effects. The diameter of the apertu re was 100 400 μm and the gap rate was 71.3 %. During degradation, the pH v alue of PDLLA solution decreased lightly within 2 weeks, but decreased obviously at the end of 4 weeks and the value was 4.0 . While the pH value of PDLLA/H A/DBM kept quite steady and was 6.4 at the end of 12 weeks. The weight of PDLLA changed little within 4 weeks, then changed obviously and was 50% of its initia l weight at the end of 12 weeks. While the weight of PDLLA/HA/DBM changed little within 5 weeks, then changed obviously and was 60% of the initial weight at the end of 12 weeks. The initial biomechanical strength of PDLLA was 1.33 MPa, decreased little within 3 weeks, then changed obviously and kept at 0.11 MP a at the end of 12 weeks. The initial biomechanical strength of PDLLA/HA/DBM was 1.7 MPa, decreased little within 4 weeks, then changed obviously and kept at 0.21 MPa at the end of 12 weeks. Conclusions: The emulsion blend method is a new method to prepa re bone repair materials. As a new bone repair material, PDLLA/HA/DBM is more su itable for regeneration and cell implantation, and the environment during its de gradation is advantageous to the growth of bone cells.展开更多
基于原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy,AFM)的单分子力谱技术以其操作简便、适用面广等优势,成为了单分子领域应用最为广泛的技术之一.本文阐述了该技术的基础原理与实验技巧,包括仪器构造、工作原理、探针与基底的选择、样品固定...基于原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy,AFM)的单分子力谱技术以其操作简便、适用面广等优势,成为了单分子领域应用最为广泛的技术之一.本文阐述了该技术的基础原理与实验技巧,包括仪器构造、工作原理、探针与基底的选择、样品固定、实验操作、单分子信号的获得以及数据处理.介绍了基于AFM的单分子力谱技术在合成高分子及生物大分子表征中的典型应用及前沿进展.AFM单分子力谱技术将有助于建立合成高分子的链结构、链组成与单链弹性以及链间相互作用与其宏观力学性能间的关联,帮助理解生物大分子的结构、相互作用与其生物功能之间的联系.展开更多
Sustainable agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the growing global demand for food while minimizing adverse environmental impacts from the overuse of synthetic pesticides and conventional fertilizers.In this c...Sustainable agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the growing global demand for food while minimizing adverse environmental impacts from the overuse of synthetic pesticides and conventional fertilizers.In this context,renewable biopolymers being more sustainable offer a viable solution to improve agricultural sustainability and production.Nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers are among these innovative biopolymers that are much sought after for their unique features.These biomaterials have complex hierarchical structures,great stability,adjustable mechanical strength,stimuli-responsiveness,and self-healing attributes.Functional molecules may be added to their flexible structure,for enabling novel agricultural uses.This overview scrutinizes how nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers may radically alter farming practices and solve lingering problems in agricultural sector namely improve agricultural production,soil health,and resource efficiency.Controlled bioactive ingredient released from biopolymers allows the tailored administration of agrochemicals,bioactive agents,and biostimulators as they enhance nutrient absorption,moisture retention,and root growth.Nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers may protect crops by appending antimicrobials and biosensing entities while their eco-friendliness supports sustainable agriculture.Despite their potential,further studies are warranted to understand and optimize their usage in agricultural domain.This effort seeks to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating their applications,challenges,and future prospects in the agricultural sector.Through experimental investigations and theoretical modeling,this overview aims to provide valuable insights into the practical implementation and optimization of supramolecular biopolymers in sustainable agriculture,ultimately contributing to the development of innovative and eco-friendly solutions to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2016YFA0200103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51520105003,51432002,51672153 and 21975141)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M660322).
文摘Natural biopolymers feature natural abundance,diverse chemical compositions,tunable properties,easy processability,excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability,as well as nontoxicity,providing new opportunities for the development of flexible sensing and energy devices.Generally,biopolymers are utilized as the passive and active building blocks to endow the flexible devices with mechanical robustness and good biocompatibility.This review aims to provide a comprehensive review on natural biopolymer-based sensing and energy devices.The diverse structures and fabrication processes of three typical biopolymers,including silk,cellulose,and chitin/chitosan,are presented.We review their utilities as the supporting substrates/matrix,active middle layers,separators,electrolytes,and active components of flexible sensing devices(sensors,actuators,transistors)and energy devices(batteries,supercapacitors,triboelectric nanogenerators).Finally,the remaining challenges and future research opportunities are discussed.
文摘A procedure for the preparation of continuous rod consisting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate\|co\|ethylene dimethacrylate) for immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is presented. When chelating Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) on it, the rod displayed a property of IMAC and the selectivity for protein separation was different from that obtained from the naked rod. An abnormal increase in retention times of proteins was found under the condition of either very high pH or very low pH on the metal chelated rods.
文摘Biochemical, chemical, and mechanical, techniques have been employed to enhance soil resilience for decades. While the use of mechanical techniques requires transporting huge amounts of soil materials, the cement used in chemical techniques may lead to increase atmospheric carbon dioxide. Numerous studies indicate that biochemical techniques may be less expensive, cost effective, and environmentally friendly. Biopolymers and enzymes derived from microorganisms have been suggested as biological enhancers in strengthening and fortifying soils used for earthen structures. Lime and other treatment techniques used as biobased materials have been shown to be less effective for stabilizing soils. Here, we review biochemical processes and techniques involved in the interactions of soil enzymes, microorganisms, microbial extracellular polymeric substances, and other biopolymers with soil particles, and the challenges and strategies of their use as biobased materials for stabilizing soils. This review provides their impacts on various soil properties and the growth potentials of agricultural crops. .
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81722015 and 81870805)the Shaanxi Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team(2020TD-033)the Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai and the Oral and maxillofacial regeneration and functional restoration.
文摘Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials.The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms.This field is rapidly evolving.Marine biomaterials experience several periods of discovery and development ranging from coralline bone graft to polysaccharide-based biomaterials.The latter are represented by chitin and chitosan,marine-derived collagen,and composites of different organisms of marine origin.The diversity of marine natural products,their properties and applications are discussed thoroughly in the present review.These materials are easily available and possess excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability and potent bioactive characteristics.Important applications of marine biomaterials include medical applications,antimicrobial agents,drug delivery agents,anticoagulants,rehabilitation of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,bone diseases and diabetes,as well as comestible,cosmetic and industrial applications.
文摘To explore the preparative method an d study the degradation characteristics of bone repair composite of DL polylac tic acid (PDLLA)/hydroxyapatite(HA)/decalcifying bone matrix (DBM) in vitro. Methods: An emulsion blend method was developed to prepare the composite of PDLLA/HA/DBM in weight ratio of PDLLA:HA:DBM= 1.5 2 : 1 1.5 : 1. The dynamic changes of weight, biomechanical property and pH value of PDLLA/ HA/DBM and PDLLA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4 ) were studied re spectively through degradation tests in vitro. Results: Without being heated, PDLLA, HA and DBM could be synt hesized with the emulsion blend method as bone composite of PDLLA/HA/DBM, which had both osteoconductive and osteoinductive effects. The diameter of the apertu re was 100 400 μm and the gap rate was 71.3 %. During degradation, the pH v alue of PDLLA solution decreased lightly within 2 weeks, but decreased obviously at the end of 4 weeks and the value was 4.0 . While the pH value of PDLLA/H A/DBM kept quite steady and was 6.4 at the end of 12 weeks. The weight of PDLLA changed little within 4 weeks, then changed obviously and was 50% of its initia l weight at the end of 12 weeks. While the weight of PDLLA/HA/DBM changed little within 5 weeks, then changed obviously and was 60% of the initial weight at the end of 12 weeks. The initial biomechanical strength of PDLLA was 1.33 MPa, decreased little within 3 weeks, then changed obviously and kept at 0.11 MP a at the end of 12 weeks. The initial biomechanical strength of PDLLA/HA/DBM was 1.7 MPa, decreased little within 4 weeks, then changed obviously and kept at 0.21 MPa at the end of 12 weeks. Conclusions: The emulsion blend method is a new method to prepa re bone repair materials. As a new bone repair material, PDLLA/HA/DBM is more su itable for regeneration and cell implantation, and the environment during its de gradation is advantageous to the growth of bone cells.
文摘基于原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy,AFM)的单分子力谱技术以其操作简便、适用面广等优势,成为了单分子领域应用最为广泛的技术之一.本文阐述了该技术的基础原理与实验技巧,包括仪器构造、工作原理、探针与基底的选择、样品固定、实验操作、单分子信号的获得以及数据处理.介绍了基于AFM的单分子力谱技术在合成高分子及生物大分子表征中的典型应用及前沿进展.AFM单分子力谱技术将有助于建立合成高分子的链结构、链组成与单链弹性以及链间相互作用与其宏观力学性能间的关联,帮助理解生物大分子的结构、相互作用与其生物功能之间的联系.
基金support provided by the UKRI via Grant No.EP/T024607/1Royal Society via grant number IES\R2\222208.
文摘Sustainable agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the growing global demand for food while minimizing adverse environmental impacts from the overuse of synthetic pesticides and conventional fertilizers.In this context,renewable biopolymers being more sustainable offer a viable solution to improve agricultural sustainability and production.Nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers are among these innovative biopolymers that are much sought after for their unique features.These biomaterials have complex hierarchical structures,great stability,adjustable mechanical strength,stimuli-responsiveness,and self-healing attributes.Functional molecules may be added to their flexible structure,for enabling novel agricultural uses.This overview scrutinizes how nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers may radically alter farming practices and solve lingering problems in agricultural sector namely improve agricultural production,soil health,and resource efficiency.Controlled bioactive ingredient released from biopolymers allows the tailored administration of agrochemicals,bioactive agents,and biostimulators as they enhance nutrient absorption,moisture retention,and root growth.Nano/micro-structural supramolecular biopolymers may protect crops by appending antimicrobials and biosensing entities while their eco-friendliness supports sustainable agriculture.Despite their potential,further studies are warranted to understand and optimize their usage in agricultural domain.This effort seeks to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating their applications,challenges,and future prospects in the agricultural sector.Through experimental investigations and theoretical modeling,this overview aims to provide valuable insights into the practical implementation and optimization of supramolecular biopolymers in sustainable agriculture,ultimately contributing to the development of innovative and eco-friendly solutions to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact.
