为治理镉砷污染农田土壤,选取湘南某矿区镉砷复合污染稻田土壤,以水稻盆栽实验研究了复合改良剂HZB（羟基磷灰石＋沸石＋改性秸秆炭）对土壤中镉（Cd）、砷（As）赋存形态以及水稻累积转运Cd和As的影响。结果表明,施用HZB能提高土壤p H ...为治理镉砷污染农田土壤,选取湘南某矿区镉砷复合污染稻田土壤,以水稻盆栽实验研究了复合改良剂HZB（羟基磷灰石＋沸石＋改性秸秆炭）对土壤中镉（Cd）、砷（As）赋存形态以及水稻累积转运Cd和As的影响。结果表明,施用HZB能提高土壤p H 0.19~0.79个单位,阳离子交换量增加22.1%~60.4%;施用HZB使活性较大的酸提取态Cd含量降低了6.5%~22.9%,促进了Cd向难溶态的转变,可使有机结合态Cd增加2.5%~56.5%;施用HZB促进活性As向难溶型的钙型As转化,钙型As含量增加2.8%~53.3%,也可使交换态As含量降低7.0%~39.5%,但当施用量超过4.0 g kg-1时则会增加交换态As含量。水稻根系对Cd的富集系数在0.65~1.21之间,对As的富集系数在0.033~0.049之间,富集Cd的能力大于As;谷壳对Cd的转运能力最大,而根系对As的转运能力最大;施用HZB有降低水稻根系富集Cd和As的能力。施用0.5~2.0 g kg-1的HZB能降低水稻地上各部位中Cd和As含量;在2 g kg-1施用水平,水稻糙米中Cd和As含量均低于0.2 mg kg-1,达到国家食品污染物限量标准。展开更多
以全国小麦产区的14种土壤为材料,采用盆栽试验方法研究了小麦在对照、Cd处理(0.6 mg·kg-1 p H<7.5,1.2 mg·kg-1 p H>7.5)条件下,Cd在小麦各部位的含量及其富集和转运。结果表明:对于两组Cd处理而言,Cd在小麦中的分布...以全国小麦产区的14种土壤为材料,采用盆栽试验方法研究了小麦在对照、Cd处理(0.6 mg·kg-1 p H<7.5,1.2 mg·kg-1 p H>7.5)条件下,Cd在小麦各部位的含量及其富集和转运。结果表明:对于两组Cd处理而言,Cd在小麦中的分布趋势均为根>茎>籽粒,而且各部位的Cd含量相互间均显著性相关(Cd处理的籽粒与根除外)。14种土壤种植下,小麦根、茎、籽粒的Cd含量范围分别为:0.11~2.18、0.04~0.75、0.004~0.08 mg·kg-1(对照);3.14~12.04、0.18~0.94、0.09~0.43 mg·kg-1(Cd处理)。14种土壤中根-土的Cd富集系数范围为0.59~13.69(对照)、2.98~14.86(Cd处理);茎-根、籽粒-根的转运系数范围为:0.22~1.60、0.02~0.14(对照);0.04~0.13、0.01~0.06(Cd处理)。小麦籽粒Cd含量与土壤理化性质的相关性分析及预测方程显示,无论土壤是否受Cd污染,籽粒Cd含量与土壤p H均呈极显著性负相关,相关性系数分别为-0.828(对照)、-0.841(Cd处理),p H是影响籽粒吸收Cd的首要土壤因素,有机碳(OC)含量则为第二因素,籽粒Cd含量预测方程拟合效果良好(对照R2=0.84;Cd处理R2=0.93)。展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of Chin...A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.展开更多
We evaluated the distribution and accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in two plant species （Scirpus tripueter Linn. and Cyperus malaccensis Lam.）, in water and soils sampled from the reclaimed tidal riparian w...We evaluated the distribution and accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in two plant species （Scirpus tripueter Linn. and Cyperus malaccensis Lam.）, in water and soils sampled from the reclaimed tidal riparian wetlands （RTRWs） and the natural riparian wetlands （NRWs） in the Pearl River Estuary （PRE）. The results showed that the concentrations of studied heavy metals in soils exceeded the eco-toxic threshold recommended by US EPA. The concentrations of Cd, Cr and Zn in plants may lead to toxic effiects. The heavy metal concentrations were high in water and low in soils of RTRWs compared with that in the NRWs. The accumulation of heavy metals in the roots of plants was higher in NRWs than those in RTRWs while the opposite result was found for heavy metal accumulation in shoots. Based on the bioaccumulation and translocation factors, the plants in NRWs had a higher capacity to accumulate heavy metals while higher abilities to transport heavy metals from roots to shoots were observed in RTRWs. Heavy metal contaminations in RTRWs were dominated by anthropogenic sources from both side uplands and river water, whereas in NRWs, the metal accumulations were simultaneously affected by anthropogenic and natural factors展开更多
Salinity is a major soil contamination problem in Australia. To explore salinity remediation, we evaluated the concentrations of sodium （Na）, potassium （K）, magnesium （Mg）, and calcium （Ca） in roots and shoots...Salinity is a major soil contamination problem in Australia. To explore salinity remediation, we evaluated the concentrations of sodium （Na）, potassium （K）, magnesium （Mg）, and calcium （Ca） in roots and shoots and in the supporting soil of the naturally occurring grasses, Cynodon dactylon and Thinopyrurn ponticum, at two salt-affected sites, Gumble and Cundumbul in central-western New South Wales, Australia. The physiological parameters of the two grass species, including net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）, were investigated using one mature leaf from C. dactylon and T. ponticum populations. Increasing salinity levels in the topsoil had a significant influence on Ci and gs, whereas no significant effect occurred on Pn in C. dactylon and T. ponticum. The Pn values in C. dactylon and T. ponticum were greater at Cundumbul than at Gumble. The greater Mg concentration facilitated greater Pn in C. dactylon and T. ponticum populations at Cundumbul than Gumble. With increasing salinity levels in the soil, Na accumulation increased in C. dactylon and T. ponticum. The ratio between K and Na was ~ 1 in roots and shoots of both populations irrespective of the sites. Bioaccumulation factor （BF） and translocation factor （TF） results revealed that K and Na translocations were significantly higher in T. ponticum than in C. dactylon, whereas Ca and Mg translocations were significantly higher in C. dactylon than in T. ponticum. Accumulation of Na, K, Mg, and Ca ions was higher in T. ponticum than in C. dactylon; therefore, we suggest that T. ponticum as a greater salt accumulator than C. dactylon could be used for revegetation and phytoremediation of the salt-affected soils.展开更多
文摘为治理镉砷污染农田土壤,选取湘南某矿区镉砷复合污染稻田土壤,以水稻盆栽实验研究了复合改良剂HZB（羟基磷灰石＋沸石＋改性秸秆炭）对土壤中镉（Cd）、砷（As）赋存形态以及水稻累积转运Cd和As的影响。结果表明,施用HZB能提高土壤p H 0.19~0.79个单位,阳离子交换量增加22.1%~60.4%;施用HZB使活性较大的酸提取态Cd含量降低了6.5%~22.9%,促进了Cd向难溶态的转变,可使有机结合态Cd增加2.5%~56.5%;施用HZB促进活性As向难溶型的钙型As转化,钙型As含量增加2.8%~53.3%,也可使交换态As含量降低7.0%~39.5%,但当施用量超过4.0 g kg-1时则会增加交换态As含量。水稻根系对Cd的富集系数在0.65~1.21之间,对As的富集系数在0.033~0.049之间,富集Cd的能力大于As;谷壳对Cd的转运能力最大,而根系对As的转运能力最大;施用HZB有降低水稻根系富集Cd和As的能力。施用0.5~2.0 g kg-1的HZB能降低水稻地上各部位中Cd和As含量;在2 g kg-1施用水平,水稻糙米中Cd和As含量均低于0.2 mg kg-1,达到国家食品污染物限量标准。
基金supported by the National Environmental Protection Commonweal Project of China (No. NEPCP 200809098)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in Lanzhou University (No. lzujbky-2009-65)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91025015)
文摘A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U0833002 41071330)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 2009SD-24)
文摘We evaluated the distribution and accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in two plant species （Scirpus tripueter Linn. and Cyperus malaccensis Lam.）, in water and soils sampled from the reclaimed tidal riparian wetlands （RTRWs） and the natural riparian wetlands （NRWs） in the Pearl River Estuary （PRE）. The results showed that the concentrations of studied heavy metals in soils exceeded the eco-toxic threshold recommended by US EPA. The concentrations of Cd, Cr and Zn in plants may lead to toxic effiects. The heavy metal concentrations were high in water and low in soils of RTRWs compared with that in the NRWs. The accumulation of heavy metals in the roots of plants was higher in NRWs than those in RTRWs while the opposite result was found for heavy metal accumulation in shoots. Based on the bioaccumulation and translocation factors, the plants in NRWs had a higher capacity to accumulate heavy metals while higher abilities to transport heavy metals from roots to shoots were observed in RTRWs. Heavy metal contaminations in RTRWs were dominated by anthropogenic sources from both side uplands and river water, whereas in NRWs, the metal accumulations were simultaneously affected by anthropogenic and natural factors
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(41573119)Collaborative Innovation Major Projects of Guangzhou Education Bureau(13xt02)+2 种基金Educational System Innovation Team Project of Guangzhou Education Bureau(13C02)Young Creative Talent Project for Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province's Educational Commission(2015KQNCX115)High Level University Construction Project of Guangdong Province(Regional Water Environment Safety and Water Ecological Protection)
文摘Salinity is a major soil contamination problem in Australia. To explore salinity remediation, we evaluated the concentrations of sodium （Na）, potassium （K）, magnesium （Mg）, and calcium （Ca） in roots and shoots and in the supporting soil of the naturally occurring grasses, Cynodon dactylon and Thinopyrurn ponticum, at two salt-affected sites, Gumble and Cundumbul in central-western New South Wales, Australia. The physiological parameters of the two grass species, including net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）, were investigated using one mature leaf from C. dactylon and T. ponticum populations. Increasing salinity levels in the topsoil had a significant influence on Ci and gs, whereas no significant effect occurred on Pn in C. dactylon and T. ponticum. The Pn values in C. dactylon and T. ponticum were greater at Cundumbul than at Gumble. The greater Mg concentration facilitated greater Pn in C. dactylon and T. ponticum populations at Cundumbul than Gumble. With increasing salinity levels in the soil, Na accumulation increased in C. dactylon and T. ponticum. The ratio between K and Na was ~ 1 in roots and shoots of both populations irrespective of the sites. Bioaccumulation factor （BF） and translocation factor （TF） results revealed that K and Na translocations were significantly higher in T. ponticum than in C. dactylon, whereas Ca and Mg translocations were significantly higher in C. dactylon than in T. ponticum. Accumulation of Na, K, Mg, and Ca ions was higher in T. ponticum than in C. dactylon; therefore, we suggest that T. ponticum as a greater salt accumulator than C. dactylon could be used for revegetation and phytoremediation of the salt-affected soils.
