Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,an...Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,and social stigma.In 2010,the global deaths from HIV/AIDS have increased to 1.5 million and malaria mortality rose to 1.17 million.Mortality from neglected tropical diseases rose to 152,000,while tuberculosis killed 1.2 million people that same year.Substantial regional variations exist in the distribution of these diseases as they are primarily concentrated in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa,Asia,and Latin America,with geographic overlap and high levels of co-infection.Evidence-based interventions exist to prevent and control these diseases,however,the coverage still remains low with an emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance.Therefore,community-based delivery platforms are increasingly being advocated to ensure sustainability and combat co-infections.Because of the high morbidity and mortality burden of these diseases,especially in resource-poor settings,it is imperative to conduct a systematic review to identify strategies to prevent and control these diseases.Therefore,we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of one of these strategies,that is community-based delivery for the prevention and treatment of IDoP.In this paper,we describe the burden,epidemiology,and potential interventions for IDoP.In subsequent papers of this series,we describe the analytical framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews,and report the findings and interpretations of our analyses of the impact of community-based strategies on individual IDoPs.展开更多
Zha-chili is a naturally fermented traditional food from central southern China.Corn-based zha-chili is one of the most popular varieties with a special flavor.To investigate its distinct microbiome,corn-based zha-chi...Zha-chili is a naturally fermented traditional food from central southern China.Corn-based zha-chili is one of the most popular varieties with a special flavor.To investigate its distinct microbiome,corn-based zha-chili samples were collected and investigated using both high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent method.Subsequently,E-nose and E-tongue sensors were used to evaluate the overall sensory profile.We found that the bacterial communities present in zha-chili samples from the two regions were significantly different(P<0.05).Companilactobacillus,Lactiplantibacillus,and Corynebacterium were found to be the dominant genera common to samples from both regions.Among these,lactic acid bacteria were the most dominant.Biomarker genera were Ligilactobacillus,Lactobacillus,and Levilactobacillus(Huaihua)and Pantoea,Lactiplantibacillus,and Weissella(Songtao).Using culture-dependent methods,the most dominant genus Companilactobacillus was found to comprise Companilactobacillus alimentarius and Companilactobacillus futsaii.The sensory profile was also characterized.This indicated that zha-chili from the two regions could be discriminated by sourness and aftertaste-B(E-taste),and W1C,W3C,W5C,W1S,W2S,W5S,and W2W(E-nose).Correlation analysis suggested that the dominant genera might not affect the aroma quality of corn-based zha-chili,whereas they were related to taste quality.Levilactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus were positively correlated with the characteristic taste indices and negatively correlated with the off-flavor indices.Another dominant genus,Kocuria was positively correlated with umami and richness(P<0.05).Our results could provide a basis for supporting zha-chili production and help the isolation of appropriate lactic acid bacteria from corn-based zha-chili.展开更多
In recent years,under the influence of multiple factors such as traditional ideas and living economic conditions,the aging population in China continues to increase.Most of the elderly are more inclined to aged at hom...In recent years,under the influence of multiple factors such as traditional ideas and living economic conditions,the aging population in China continues to increase.Most of the elderly are more inclined to aged at home,and the first places for elderly activities are communities and the surrounding environment,which greatly affects the convenience of life and happiness of the elderly.In this paper,Changxindian area in Fengtai District of Beijing was as the research object,and detailed calculation and analysis were carried out by using POI data and arcGIS software.The relative location of residential areas and surrounding public toilets was explored,and the best location of public toilets in the daily walking area under the model of community home-based care for the elderly was further studied.展开更多
In order to understand the community capacity for sustainable community-based dengue prevention and control,this paper proposes the approach of a previous study about meaning and domains of dengue prevention and contr...In order to understand the community capacity for sustainable community-based dengue prevention and control,this paper proposes the approach of a previous study about meaning and domains of dengue prevention and control,an assessment tool and a community capacity building model for sustainable community-based dengue prevention and control in the Southern Thailand. A study of dengue community capacity domains was conducted by utilizing a qualitative method, whereby ten initial community domains were identified by means of a literature review,in-depth interviews of sixty community leaders,and eight focus group discussions with sixty non-leaders in four sub-districts of southern Thailand.In the final study,there were 14 identifiable domains in leaders group and 11 domains in non-leaders.The resulting dengue community capacity-assessment tool(DCCAT) consisted of two parts:one for leaders(DCCAT-L) and the other for non-leaders (DCCAT-NL).DCCAT-L was composed of 115 items within 14 domains and 83 items within 11 domains for the DCCAT-NL.The key domains of leaders and non-leaders had a partial overlap of domains such as critical situation management,personal leadership,health care provider capacity,needs assessment,senses of community,leader group networking,communication of dengue information,community leadership,religious capacity,leader group and community networking,resource mobilization,dengue working group,community participation,and continuing activities.The application of the new tool consisted of five steps:1) community preparation,2) assessment,3) a community hearing meeting,4) interventions,and 5) conclusion and improvement step.All stakeholders in the community should use the new tool based on a clear understanding of the measurement objectives,the desired outcomes,resources available and characteristics of their community.If communities need to develop and build dengue community capacity,then the designed pre-post intervention assessments or serial assessments are essential.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the effects of bamboo charcoal-based biochar(or bamboo charcoal for short)on soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure.[Methods]The field experiment was carr...[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the effects of bamboo charcoal-based biochar(or bamboo charcoal for short)on soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure.[Methods]The field experiment was carried out at the Modern Agriculture Demonstration Base of Gaoping Village,Gaoping Town,Suichang County,Zhejiang Province.Bamboo charcoal was applied at four different levels:T_(0)(no bamboo charcoal),T_(1)(1125 kg/hm^(2)bamboo charcoal),T_(2)(2250 kg/hm^(2)bamboo charcoal)and T_(3)(3375 kg/hm^(2)bamboo charcoal).Soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in different treatments were measured.[Results]The soil fungal,bacterial and actinomycete populations increased significantly in the soils surrounding capsicum roots.The bacterial population,fungal population and fungus/bacterium ratio peaked in Treatment T_(2),up to 7.32×10^(6)cfu/g,2.65×10^(4)cfu/g and 0.36×10^(-2),respectively.The effect of bamboo charcoal in promotingβ-glucoside,catalase,acid phosphatase and sucrase activities was T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(0).With bamboo charcoal increasing,the bacterium population,fungus population,fungus/bacterium ratio,β-glucoside,catalase,acid phosphatase and sucrase activities all increased at first and then decreased.T_(2)treatment showed the best effects in improving soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure.[Conclusions]Bamboo charcoal significantly improves soil enzyme activity and increases soil microbial population,and thus has important positive effects on the soil ecosystem.展开更多
文摘Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,and social stigma.In 2010,the global deaths from HIV/AIDS have increased to 1.5 million and malaria mortality rose to 1.17 million.Mortality from neglected tropical diseases rose to 152,000,while tuberculosis killed 1.2 million people that same year.Substantial regional variations exist in the distribution of these diseases as they are primarily concentrated in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa,Asia,and Latin America,with geographic overlap and high levels of co-infection.Evidence-based interventions exist to prevent and control these diseases,however,the coverage still remains low with an emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance.Therefore,community-based delivery platforms are increasingly being advocated to ensure sustainability and combat co-infections.Because of the high morbidity and mortality burden of these diseases,especially in resource-poor settings,it is imperative to conduct a systematic review to identify strategies to prevent and control these diseases.Therefore,we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of one of these strategies,that is community-based delivery for the prevention and treatment of IDoP.In this paper,we describe the burden,epidemiology,and potential interventions for IDoP.In subsequent papers of this series,we describe the analytical framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews,and report the findings and interpretations of our analyses of the impact of community-based strategies on individual IDoPs.
基金This research is supported by Key projects of science and technology research program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20212601).
文摘Zha-chili is a naturally fermented traditional food from central southern China.Corn-based zha-chili is one of the most popular varieties with a special flavor.To investigate its distinct microbiome,corn-based zha-chili samples were collected and investigated using both high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent method.Subsequently,E-nose and E-tongue sensors were used to evaluate the overall sensory profile.We found that the bacterial communities present in zha-chili samples from the two regions were significantly different(P<0.05).Companilactobacillus,Lactiplantibacillus,and Corynebacterium were found to be the dominant genera common to samples from both regions.Among these,lactic acid bacteria were the most dominant.Biomarker genera were Ligilactobacillus,Lactobacillus,and Levilactobacillus(Huaihua)and Pantoea,Lactiplantibacillus,and Weissella(Songtao).Using culture-dependent methods,the most dominant genus Companilactobacillus was found to comprise Companilactobacillus alimentarius and Companilactobacillus futsaii.The sensory profile was also characterized.This indicated that zha-chili from the two regions could be discriminated by sourness and aftertaste-B(E-taste),and W1C,W3C,W5C,W1S,W2S,W5S,and W2W(E-nose).Correlation analysis suggested that the dominant genera might not affect the aroma quality of corn-based zha-chili,whereas they were related to taste quality.Levilactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus were positively correlated with the characteristic taste indices and negatively correlated with the off-flavor indices.Another dominant genus,Kocuria was positively correlated with umami and richness(P<0.05).Our results could provide a basis for supporting zha-chili production and help the isolation of appropriate lactic acid bacteria from corn-based zha-chili.
文摘In recent years,under the influence of multiple factors such as traditional ideas and living economic conditions,the aging population in China continues to increase.Most of the elderly are more inclined to aged at home,and the first places for elderly activities are communities and the surrounding environment,which greatly affects the convenience of life and happiness of the elderly.In this paper,Changxindian area in Fengtai District of Beijing was as the research object,and detailed calculation and analysis were carried out by using POI data and arcGIS software.The relative location of residential areas and surrounding public toilets was explored,and the best location of public toilets in the daily walking area under the model of community home-based care for the elderly was further studied.
文摘In order to understand the community capacity for sustainable community-based dengue prevention and control,this paper proposes the approach of a previous study about meaning and domains of dengue prevention and control,an assessment tool and a community capacity building model for sustainable community-based dengue prevention and control in the Southern Thailand. A study of dengue community capacity domains was conducted by utilizing a qualitative method, whereby ten initial community domains were identified by means of a literature review,in-depth interviews of sixty community leaders,and eight focus group discussions with sixty non-leaders in four sub-districts of southern Thailand.In the final study,there were 14 identifiable domains in leaders group and 11 domains in non-leaders.The resulting dengue community capacity-assessment tool(DCCAT) consisted of two parts:one for leaders(DCCAT-L) and the other for non-leaders (DCCAT-NL).DCCAT-L was composed of 115 items within 14 domains and 83 items within 11 domains for the DCCAT-NL.The key domains of leaders and non-leaders had a partial overlap of domains such as critical situation management,personal leadership,health care provider capacity,needs assessment,senses of community,leader group networking,communication of dengue information,community leadership,religious capacity,leader group and community networking,resource mobilization,dengue working group,community participation,and continuing activities.The application of the new tool consisted of five steps:1) community preparation,2) assessment,3) a community hearing meeting,4) interventions,and 5) conclusion and improvement step.All stakeholders in the community should use the new tool based on a clear understanding of the measurement objectives,the desired outcomes,resources available and characteristics of their community.If communities need to develop and build dengue community capacity,then the designed pre-post intervention assessments or serial assessments are essential.
基金Supported by Special Fund of Lishui City for Public Interest(2021GYX11)Special Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance for Basic Research and Development of Bamboo Charcoal-based Soil Conditioner(20180021)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2018C02031)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the effects of bamboo charcoal-based biochar(or bamboo charcoal for short)on soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure.[Methods]The field experiment was carried out at the Modern Agriculture Demonstration Base of Gaoping Village,Gaoping Town,Suichang County,Zhejiang Province.Bamboo charcoal was applied at four different levels:T_(0)(no bamboo charcoal),T_(1)(1125 kg/hm^(2)bamboo charcoal),T_(2)(2250 kg/hm^(2)bamboo charcoal)and T_(3)(3375 kg/hm^(2)bamboo charcoal).Soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in different treatments were measured.[Results]The soil fungal,bacterial and actinomycete populations increased significantly in the soils surrounding capsicum roots.The bacterial population,fungal population and fungus/bacterium ratio peaked in Treatment T_(2),up to 7.32×10^(6)cfu/g,2.65×10^(4)cfu/g and 0.36×10^(-2),respectively.The effect of bamboo charcoal in promotingβ-glucoside,catalase,acid phosphatase and sucrase activities was T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(0).With bamboo charcoal increasing,the bacterium population,fungus population,fungus/bacterium ratio,β-glucoside,catalase,acid phosphatase and sucrase activities all increased at first and then decreased.T_(2)treatment showed the best effects in improving soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure.[Conclusions]Bamboo charcoal significantly improves soil enzyme activity and increases soil microbial population,and thus has important positive effects on the soil ecosystem.
