AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baclofen for treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) unresponsive to standard anti-reflux therapy. METHODS:Sixteen patients with refracto...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baclofen for treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) unresponsive to standard anti-reflux therapy. METHODS:Sixteen patients with refractory GERC were given an 8-wk course of baclofen 20 mg three times a day as an add-on therapy to omeprazole. Changes in the cough symptom score, cough threshold to capsaicin, reflux symptom score and possible adverse effects were determined after treatment. The variables of multi-channel intraluminal impedance combined with pH monitoring were compared between responders and non-responders to baclofen. RESULTS:Twelve of 16 patients completed treatment. Cough disappeared or improved in 56.3% (9/16)of patients, including 6 patients with acid refluxinduced cough (66.7%) and 3 patients with non-acid reflux-induced cough (33.3%). With baclofen treatment, the cough symptom score began to decrease at week 2, was clearly decreased at week 6 and reached a minimum at week 8. At the end of therapy, the lowest concentration of capsaicin required for induction of ≥ 2 and ≥ 5 coughs increased from 0.98 (1.46) to 1.95 (6.82) μmol/L (Z = -2.281, P = 0.024) and from 1.95 (7.31) to 7.8 (13.65) μmol/L (Z = -2.433, P = 0.014), respectively, and the reflux symptom score decreased from 8.0 ± 1.6 to 6.8 ± 0.8 (t = 2.454, P = 0.023). The number of acid reflux episodes was significantly lower in responders than in non-responders. The main adverse effects were somnolence, dizziness and fatigue. CONCLUSION:Baclofen is a useful, but suboptimal treatment option for refractory GERC.展开更多
Alcoholic hepatitis(AH)remains a common and life threatening cause of liver failure,especially when it is severe.Although the adjective"acute"is frequently used to describe this form of liver injury,it is us...Alcoholic hepatitis(AH)remains a common and life threatening cause of liver failure,especially when it is severe.Although the adjective"acute"is frequently used to describe this form of liver injury,it is usually subacute and has been developing for weeks to months before it becomes clinically apparent.Patients with this form of alcoholic liver disease usually have a history of drinking heavily for many years.While certain aspects of therapy,mainly nutritional support and abstinence are well established,significant debate has surrounded the pharmacologic treatment of AH,and many institutions practice widely varying treatment protocols. In recent years a significant amount of literature has helped focus on the details of treatment,and more data have accumulated regarding risks and benefits of pharmacologic treatment.In particular,the efficacy of pentoxifylline has become increasingly apparent,and when compared with the risks associated with prednisolone,has brought this drug to the forefront of therapy for severe AH.This review will focus on the clinical and laboratory diagnosis and pharmacologic therapies that should be applied during hospitalization and continued into outpatient management.We conclude that the routine use of glucocorticoids for severe AH poses significant risk with equivocal benefit,and that pentoxifylline is a better,safer and cheaper alternative.While the full details of nutritional support lie beyond the scope of this article,nutrition is a cornerstone of therapy and must be addressed in every patient diagnosed with AH. Finally,while traditional psychosocial techniques play a major role in post-hospitalization care of alcoholics, we hope to make the medical clinician realize his or her role in reducing recidivism rates with early and frequent outpatient visits and with the use of baclofen to reduce alcohol craving.展开更多
目的对替扎尼定、巴氯芬、乙哌立松治疗卒中后肢体痉挛的疗效和不良反应,进行比较和评价。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究,选取住院治疗的103例卒中患者,按数字法随机分为替扎尼定组30例、巴氯芬组25例、乙哌立松组22例及对照组26例。用药...目的对替扎尼定、巴氯芬、乙哌立松治疗卒中后肢体痉挛的疗效和不良反应,进行比较和评价。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究,选取住院治疗的103例卒中患者,按数字法随机分为替扎尼定组30例、巴氯芬组25例、乙哌立松组22例及对照组26例。用药前和用药后4、12周,采用改良Ashworth评分表、Fugl-Meyer评价表(FMA)、改良Bathel指数,分别对肌张力、运动功能、日常生活活动能力(activity of daily living,ADL)进行评价。结果①患者上肢和下肢用药后12周,3个治疗组与对照组相比,改良Ashworth评分均有降低,均P<0.05。与治疗前比较,替扎尼定组、巴氯芬组、乙哌立松组、对照组上肢平均降低分数分别为0.8±0.6、0.7±0.6、0.7±0.4、0.4±0.4,下肢平均降低分数依次为0.8±0.6、0.7±0.5、0.7±0.5、0.5±0.5;但3个药物组间比较,P>0.05。②上肢FMA评分显示,4个组患者治疗前、后评分比较,均P>0.05;下肢FMA评分显示,4组患者在治疗后12周比治疗前显著提高。平均增加分数依次为5±3、6±5、5±4、4±4,均P<0.05。4组间两两比较,均,P>0.05。③改良Bathel指数显示,4组患者的分数在治疗后12周与治疗前比较,均P<0.05,平均增加分数依次为27±12、25±14、25±12、21±11,3个药物组与对照组比较,均P<0.05。④所有患者治疗前后血、尿常规,肝肾功能检查均在正常范围。不良反应的发生率,嗜睡:替扎尼定组为10%,巴氯芬组为8%;胃肠道不适:替扎尼定组为6.7%,巴氯芬组为8%,乙哌立松组为4.5%;血压降低:替扎尼定组为6.7%,巴氯芬组为8%;全身乏力:乙哌立松组为22.7%。所有患者在减量或停药后症状均缓解。结论替扎尼定、巴氯芬和乙哌立松均有较明显的降低肌张力、缓解痉挛的作用,疗效无差异。在功能恢复方面,三者均未显示有明显作用。三种药物安全性均较高。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81170079Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Project, No. SHDC12012211
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baclofen for treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) unresponsive to standard anti-reflux therapy. METHODS:Sixteen patients with refractory GERC were given an 8-wk course of baclofen 20 mg three times a day as an add-on therapy to omeprazole. Changes in the cough symptom score, cough threshold to capsaicin, reflux symptom score and possible adverse effects were determined after treatment. The variables of multi-channel intraluminal impedance combined with pH monitoring were compared between responders and non-responders to baclofen. RESULTS:Twelve of 16 patients completed treatment. Cough disappeared or improved in 56.3% (9/16)of patients, including 6 patients with acid refluxinduced cough (66.7%) and 3 patients with non-acid reflux-induced cough (33.3%). With baclofen treatment, the cough symptom score began to decrease at week 2, was clearly decreased at week 6 and reached a minimum at week 8. At the end of therapy, the lowest concentration of capsaicin required for induction of ≥ 2 and ≥ 5 coughs increased from 0.98 (1.46) to 1.95 (6.82) μmol/L (Z = -2.281, P = 0.024) and from 1.95 (7.31) to 7.8 (13.65) μmol/L (Z = -2.433, P = 0.014), respectively, and the reflux symptom score decreased from 8.0 ± 1.6 to 6.8 ± 0.8 (t = 2.454, P = 0.023). The number of acid reflux episodes was significantly lower in responders than in non-responders. The main adverse effects were somnolence, dizziness and fatigue. CONCLUSION:Baclofen is a useful, but suboptimal treatment option for refractory GERC.
文摘Alcoholic hepatitis(AH)remains a common and life threatening cause of liver failure,especially when it is severe.Although the adjective"acute"is frequently used to describe this form of liver injury,it is usually subacute and has been developing for weeks to months before it becomes clinically apparent.Patients with this form of alcoholic liver disease usually have a history of drinking heavily for many years.While certain aspects of therapy,mainly nutritional support and abstinence are well established,significant debate has surrounded the pharmacologic treatment of AH,and many institutions practice widely varying treatment protocols. In recent years a significant amount of literature has helped focus on the details of treatment,and more data have accumulated regarding risks and benefits of pharmacologic treatment.In particular,the efficacy of pentoxifylline has become increasingly apparent,and when compared with the risks associated with prednisolone,has brought this drug to the forefront of therapy for severe AH.This review will focus on the clinical and laboratory diagnosis and pharmacologic therapies that should be applied during hospitalization and continued into outpatient management.We conclude that the routine use of glucocorticoids for severe AH poses significant risk with equivocal benefit,and that pentoxifylline is a better,safer and cheaper alternative.While the full details of nutritional support lie beyond the scope of this article,nutrition is a cornerstone of therapy and must be addressed in every patient diagnosed with AH. Finally,while traditional psychosocial techniques play a major role in post-hospitalization care of alcoholics, we hope to make the medical clinician realize his or her role in reducing recidivism rates with early and frequent outpatient visits and with the use of baclofen to reduce alcohol craving.
文摘目的对替扎尼定、巴氯芬、乙哌立松治疗卒中后肢体痉挛的疗效和不良反应,进行比较和评价。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究,选取住院治疗的103例卒中患者,按数字法随机分为替扎尼定组30例、巴氯芬组25例、乙哌立松组22例及对照组26例。用药前和用药后4、12周,采用改良Ashworth评分表、Fugl-Meyer评价表(FMA)、改良Bathel指数,分别对肌张力、运动功能、日常生活活动能力(activity of daily living,ADL)进行评价。结果①患者上肢和下肢用药后12周,3个治疗组与对照组相比,改良Ashworth评分均有降低,均P<0.05。与治疗前比较,替扎尼定组、巴氯芬组、乙哌立松组、对照组上肢平均降低分数分别为0.8±0.6、0.7±0.6、0.7±0.4、0.4±0.4,下肢平均降低分数依次为0.8±0.6、0.7±0.5、0.7±0.5、0.5±0.5;但3个药物组间比较,P>0.05。②上肢FMA评分显示,4个组患者治疗前、后评分比较,均P>0.05;下肢FMA评分显示,4组患者在治疗后12周比治疗前显著提高。平均增加分数依次为5±3、6±5、5±4、4±4,均P<0.05。4组间两两比较,均,P>0.05。③改良Bathel指数显示,4组患者的分数在治疗后12周与治疗前比较,均P<0.05,平均增加分数依次为27±12、25±14、25±12、21±11,3个药物组与对照组比较,均P<0.05。④所有患者治疗前后血、尿常规,肝肾功能检查均在正常范围。不良反应的发生率,嗜睡:替扎尼定组为10%,巴氯芬组为8%;胃肠道不适:替扎尼定组为6.7%,巴氯芬组为8%,乙哌立松组为4.5%;血压降低:替扎尼定组为6.7%,巴氯芬组为8%;全身乏力:乙哌立松组为22.7%。所有患者在减量或停药后症状均缓解。结论替扎尼定、巴氯芬和乙哌立松均有较明显的降低肌张力、缓解痉挛的作用,疗效无差异。在功能恢复方面,三者均未显示有明显作用。三种药物安全性均较高。
