Near-bottom observation data from the manned deep submersible Jiaolong with high-precision underwater positioning data from Weijia Guyot,Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are reported.Three substrate typ...Near-bottom observation data from the manned deep submersible Jiaolong with high-precision underwater positioning data from Weijia Guyot,Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are reported.Three substrate types were identified:Sediment,ferromanganese crust,and ferromanganese crust with a thin cover of sediment.The ferromanganese crusts show clear zoning and their continuity is usually disturbed by sediments on areas of the mountainside with relatively gentle slope gradients.The identified substrate spatial distributions correspond to acoustic backscatter intensity data,with regions of high intensity always including crust development and regions of low intensity always having sediment.Therefore,acoustic backscatter intensity surveying appears useful in the delineation and evaluation of crust resources,although further more work is needed to develop a practicable methodology.展开更多
西太平洋高丰度高覆盖率多金属结核的发现受到各国学者的高度关注,如何高效探测不同覆盖率和丰度的多金属结核分布特征是目前研究的重点。利用EM122多波束回波强度资料对西太平洋海盆结核分布特征进行分析,结果表明,回波强度的高低变化...西太平洋高丰度高覆盖率多金属结核的发现受到各国学者的高度关注,如何高效探测不同覆盖率和丰度的多金属结核分布特征是目前研究的重点。利用EM122多波束回波强度资料对西太平洋海盆结核分布特征进行分析,结果表明,回波强度的高低变化与结核覆盖率关系密切,而当结核覆盖率相当时,回波强度的高低变化反映了结核的粒径大小,其中大型结核(直径D>6 cm)较多时,回波强度值明显增大。利用最大似然分类方法对回波强度资料进行监督分类,得出深海沉积物、低丰度、中等丰度和高丰度结核空间分布,结果显示,深海粘土沉积区与丰度>>30 kg/m2的高丰度结核分布区多回波强度差异高达近20 d B。展开更多
An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） observation site was set up in the Western South Yellow Sea from 2012 to 2013 to study the local suspended particle matters （SPM） distribution pattern. The SPM concentra...An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） observation site was set up in the Western South Yellow Sea from 2012 to 2013 to study the local suspended particle matters （SPM） distribution pattern. The SPM concentration could be semi-quantitatively represented by backscatter intensity （Sv）, converted by the echo intensity （E/） of ADCP. Results show two types of SPM in the water column： the quasi-biological SPM and quasi-mineral SPM. The quasi-biological SPM mainly exists in summer half year and is con- centrated above the thermocline. It has periodically diurnal variations with high concentration at night and low concentration in the daytime. The quasi-mineral SPM is located in lower part of the water column, with similar relation to monthly tidal current variation all year round. However, the daily quasi-mineral SPM distribution patterns vary between summer and winter half year. The sunlight is thought to be the origin factor leading to the diurnally vertical motion of the biological features, which might cause the diurnal Sv variation. Unlike in winter half year when tidal current is relatively single driving force of the monthly SPM pattern, the high speed current near the thermocline is also responsible for the concentration of quasi-mineral SPM in summer half year. The sediment input difference between summer and winter half year contribute to the varied daily variation of quasi-mineral SPM with re-suspended SPM ir~ winter and sediments from Yellow Sea Mud Area （YSMA） in summer. The seasonal variations in hydrodynamics, water structure and heavy-wind incidents are the primary factors influencing the differential seasonal SPM distribution patterns.展开更多
基金This studywas funded by the Resource and Environment COMRA Projects (DY135-C1-1-02,DY135-C1-1-01)the China Geological Survey(DD20191009).
文摘Near-bottom observation data from the manned deep submersible Jiaolong with high-precision underwater positioning data from Weijia Guyot,Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean are reported.Three substrate types were identified:Sediment,ferromanganese crust,and ferromanganese crust with a thin cover of sediment.The ferromanganese crusts show clear zoning and their continuity is usually disturbed by sediments on areas of the mountainside with relatively gentle slope gradients.The identified substrate spatial distributions correspond to acoustic backscatter intensity data,with regions of high intensity always including crust development and regions of low intensity always having sediment.Therefore,acoustic backscatter intensity surveying appears useful in the delineation and evaluation of crust resources,although further more work is needed to develop a practicable methodology.
文摘西太平洋高丰度高覆盖率多金属结核的发现受到各国学者的高度关注,如何高效探测不同覆盖率和丰度的多金属结核分布特征是目前研究的重点。利用EM122多波束回波强度资料对西太平洋海盆结核分布特征进行分析,结果表明,回波强度的高低变化与结核覆盖率关系密切,而当结核覆盖率相当时,回波强度的高低变化反映了结核的粒径大小,其中大型结核(直径D>6 cm)较多时,回波强度值明显增大。利用最大似然分类方法对回波强度资料进行监督分类,得出深海沉积物、低丰度、中等丰度和高丰度结核空间分布,结果显示,深海粘土沉积区与丰度>>30 kg/m2的高丰度结核分布区多回波强度差异高达近20 d B。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41030856)National 973 Project of China (Grant No. 2005CB422304)+1 种基金the Project of Taishan Scholarsupport of the R/V Dongfanghong 2 and Shared Voyage of the National Nature Science Foundation of China
文摘An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） observation site was set up in the Western South Yellow Sea from 2012 to 2013 to study the local suspended particle matters （SPM） distribution pattern. The SPM concentration could be semi-quantitatively represented by backscatter intensity （Sv）, converted by the echo intensity （E/） of ADCP. Results show two types of SPM in the water column： the quasi-biological SPM and quasi-mineral SPM. The quasi-biological SPM mainly exists in summer half year and is con- centrated above the thermocline. It has periodically diurnal variations with high concentration at night and low concentration in the daytime. The quasi-mineral SPM is located in lower part of the water column, with similar relation to monthly tidal current variation all year round. However, the daily quasi-mineral SPM distribution patterns vary between summer and winter half year. The sunlight is thought to be the origin factor leading to the diurnally vertical motion of the biological features, which might cause the diurnal Sv variation. Unlike in winter half year when tidal current is relatively single driving force of the monthly SPM pattern, the high speed current near the thermocline is also responsible for the concentration of quasi-mineral SPM in summer half year. The sediment input difference between summer and winter half year contribute to the varied daily variation of quasi-mineral SPM with re-suspended SPM ir~ winter and sediments from Yellow Sea Mud Area （YSMA） in summer. The seasonal variations in hydrodynamics, water structure and heavy-wind incidents are the primary factors influencing the differential seasonal SPM distribution patterns.
