The properties of extracellular cellulase obtained from Bacillus species (FIIRO Strain B223) on supplying cellulose from Brewers Spent Grain (BSG) were studied. Generally, a crude cellulase activity between 11,757 Uni...The properties of extracellular cellulase obtained from Bacillus species (FIIRO Strain B223) on supplying cellulose from Brewers Spent Grain (BSG) were studied. Generally, a crude cellulase activity between 11,757 Units to 13,930 Units was observed for both sources of carbon (BSG and crystalline cellulose). The optimum pH and temperature of 5.0, and 30°C - 40°C for both sources of carbon was observed. Heavy metals such as copper, zinc, and iron inhibited the activities of B223 cellulase while the cellulase activities on alkaline earth metal (manganese) were moderate. The co-factor behaviour of manganese ion was also established. Local production of cellulase in Nigeria using local raw materials such as Brewers Spent Grain reduces enzyme cost;cost of finished products and increases gross domestic products.展开更多
This paper analyzes a pro-forma economic market and supply chain system for the reuse of a lignocellulose (brewer’s spent grain) in an industrial biotechnology environment. An extant literature review was conducted, ...This paper analyzes a pro-forma economic market and supply chain system for the reuse of a lignocellulose (brewer’s spent grain) in an industrial biotechnology environment. An extant literature review was conducted, followed by a technical analysis of BSG, and the development of a supply chain system and economic market analysis based upon a participant brewing company and industry experts. In this paper, it was found that, even with the potential for future improvements in the conversion of brewer’s spent grain (BSG) from an efficiency standpoint, this industrial residual is supply chain prohibitive as a biofeedstock in comparison to other lignocellulose materials, therefore, centralized market relationships would not be advantageous for sellers and buyers. Future research should consider the viability of centralized supply chain structures for alternatives that may exist as future bio-feedstocks.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨健康中国汉族人群中basigin(BSG)基因的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)发生情况。方法:随机收集48例健康、无亲缘关系的中国汉族人外周血液并提取基因组DNA,设计引物对所有个体BSG基因的启动子区、外显子区和外显子内含子交界区的序列进行PCR扩增和正反向测序,通过判读测序峰图,明确SNPs的发生情况及其频率;通过Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析、单倍型推测和连锁不平衡分析,确定BSG基因位点的单倍型标签SNPs(haplotype tag SNPs,htSNPs);中性理论检验查明该基因位点SNPs频率分布是否符合选择中性。结果:共发现19个SNPs,其中包括2个新发现的SNPs;所有SNPs位点基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。该基因位点共推测出4种常见单倍型域,确定9个SNPs为htSNPs。中性理论检验结果提示健康中国汉族人群BSG基因的SNPs分布符合中性进化假说。结论:首次对中国健康汉族人群BSG基因的SNPs进行了发掘,确定了其9个单倍型标签SNPs,为在汉族人群中研究该基因的遗传多态性与疾病易感性或药物反应性个体差异奠定了基础。
文摘The properties of extracellular cellulase obtained from Bacillus species (FIIRO Strain B223) on supplying cellulose from Brewers Spent Grain (BSG) were studied. Generally, a crude cellulase activity between 11,757 Units to 13,930 Units was observed for both sources of carbon (BSG and crystalline cellulose). The optimum pH and temperature of 5.0, and 30°C - 40°C for both sources of carbon was observed. Heavy metals such as copper, zinc, and iron inhibited the activities of B223 cellulase while the cellulase activities on alkaline earth metal (manganese) were moderate. The co-factor behaviour of manganese ion was also established. Local production of cellulase in Nigeria using local raw materials such as Brewers Spent Grain reduces enzyme cost;cost of finished products and increases gross domestic products.
文摘This paper analyzes a pro-forma economic market and supply chain system for the reuse of a lignocellulose (brewer’s spent grain) in an industrial biotechnology environment. An extant literature review was conducted, followed by a technical analysis of BSG, and the development of a supply chain system and economic market analysis based upon a participant brewing company and industry experts. In this paper, it was found that, even with the potential for future improvements in the conversion of brewer’s spent grain (BSG) from an efficiency standpoint, this industrial residual is supply chain prohibitive as a biofeedstock in comparison to other lignocellulose materials, therefore, centralized market relationships would not be advantageous for sellers and buyers. Future research should consider the viability of centralized supply chain structures for alternatives that may exist as future bio-feedstocks.
