为解决当多个用户通过一个公共信道与其他用户进行通信时必须采用多址技术的问题。在详细阐述了时隙ALOHA系统和连续时间ALOHA系统以及非坚持CSMA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access)控制协议的分析的同时,分别得出了3种系统的平均成功队...为解决当多个用户通过一个公共信道与其他用户进行通信时必须采用多址技术的问题。在详细阐述了时隙ALOHA系统和连续时间ALOHA系统以及非坚持CSMA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access)控制协议的分析的同时,分别得出了3种系统的平均成功队长和系统吞吐量的数学表达式,并通过仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性。展开更多
Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fer...Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG.Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype.Results During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups.Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.展开更多
文摘为解决当多个用户通过一个公共信道与其他用户进行通信时必须采用多址技术的问题。在详细阐述了时隙ALOHA系统和连续时间ALOHA系统以及非坚持CSMA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access)控制协议的分析的同时,分别得出了3种系统的平均成功队长和系统吞吐量的数学表达式,并通过仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性。
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304204)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-FRI-04)Beijing Innovation Consortium of livestock Research System(BAIC05-2023)。
文摘Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG.Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype.Results During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups.Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.
