These Chinese National Guidelines(GB/T 35892-20181)were issued February 06,2018 and became effective September 01,2018.The authors recognized the urgent need for an authentic English translation to inform the internat...These Chinese National Guidelines(GB/T 35892-20181)were issued February 06,2018 and became effective September 01,2018.The authors recognized the urgent need for an authentic English translation to inform the international community of the compliance requirements in China.It was appreciated that the final translation must reflect the specialist understanding of those working under the Guideline whilst remaining faithful to the meaning of the original Chinese text.A three-step translation process was therefore determined.Step 1:A professional interpretation service(KL Communications,UK)was commissioned to prepare a literal translation of the Chinese text.Supportive documents were provided which explained specialist terminology.This translation was checked by two bilingual experts.Step 2:A workshop was held in Nanjing in May 2019 to which were invited experts in laboratory animal welfare and ethical use.These included international native English-speaking and Chinese-speaking delegates.The delegates worked in multilingual teams to review sections of the literal translation ahead of the workshop,and to agree an authentic interpretation during the workshop.Step 3:Following the workshop,three bilingual experts(two native Chinese speakers and one native English speaker)reviewed the entire document to ensure consistency of terminology and general accuracy.This document is thus not a“literal translation”but an“accurate interpretation”of the original text.Any challenge of work being performed under these Guidelines should rely on the Chinese text in the first place.However,this translation may be used as mitigating evidence,especially where those performing the work are non-Chinese speakers.展开更多
Herein, a strategy is proposed for the simultaneous determination of primary coumarins in Peucedani Radix(Chinese name: Qianhu). The methodology consists of three consecutive steps: 1) Semi-preparative LC in combinati...Herein, a strategy is proposed for the simultaneous determination of primary coumarins in Peucedani Radix(Chinese name: Qianhu). The methodology consists of three consecutive steps: 1) Semi-preparative LC in combination with a home-made automated fraction collection module to fragment the universal metabolome standard into ten fractions(Frs. I–X); 2) LC–accurate MS/MS and quantitative1 H NMR spectroscopy conducted in parallel to acquire the qualitative and quantitative data of each fraction; 3) Robust identification and quantification of components by use of LC coupled to multiple reaction monitoring. In this final step, the most significant fractions(Frs. III–X) were pooled to serve as the pseudo-mixed standard solution. Meticulous online parameter optimization was performed to obtain the optimal parameters, including ion transitions and collision energies. Concerns were particularly paid onto pursuing the parameters being capable of monitoring regiospecific isomers, notably praeruptorin E vs. 3′-isovaleryl-4′-angeloylkhellactone. The quantitative performance of the method was validated according to diverse assays. Eleven primary coumarins(1–11) were unambiguously identified and absolutely quantified, even though no external reference compound was used. Above all, the integrated strategy not only provides a feasible pipeline for the quality assessment of Peucedani Radix, but more importantly, shows the potential for authentic compound-free quantitative evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines.展开更多
The primary problem during the evolvement of next-generation Internet is the contradiction between growing requirements for Internet and the insufficient development of network theory and technology. As the fundamenta...The primary problem during the evolvement of next-generation Internet is the contradiction between growing requirements for Internet and the insufficient development of network theory and technology. As the fundamental principles to guide the developing direction of Internet, the study of Internet architecture is always a focus in the research community. To address the core issue of network scalability, we propose multi-dimension scalable architecture of next-generation Internet, the main idea of which is to extend the single-dimension scalability of traditional Internet on interconnection to multi-dimension scalability of next-generation Internet. The multi-dimension scalability is composed of scale-scalability, performance-scalability, security-scalability, function-scalability, and service-scalability. We suggest five elements, namely, IPv6, authentic IPv6 addressing, scalable processing capacity of routers, end-to-end connectionless Quality-of-Service control, and 4over6 mechanism to realize the multi-dimension scalability. The current research results show that the multi-dimension scalable architecture composed of these five elements will bring great influence on next-generation Internet.展开更多
Demarcation of family,genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illus-trations and descriptions,overlapping morphological characteristics,misplacement or poor condition o...Demarcation of family,genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illus-trations and descriptions,overlapping morphological characteristics,misplacement or poor condition of type specimens and shortage of molecular data from ex-type cultures.In this study,we obtained the type specimens or other authentic specimens of diaporthalean taxa from worldwide fungaria.We examined,described and illustrated them.This study is based on morphological characters from type or authentic specimens,details from protologue and original illustrations and molecular data obtained from GenBank.Combined analyses of nrITS,nrLSU,RPB2 and TEF1-a sequence data were used to construct the molecular phylogeny.Additionally,we provided separate phylogenetic trees for families when necessary to show the generic distribution within these families based on suitable gene markers.Based on morphology and phylogeny,we treat 17 genera previously assigned to Diaporthales genera incertae sedis within several families.For some genera we have designated new generic types as they are lacking type species or type species have affiliations with other families.We exclude Anisomycopsis from Diaporthales and place it in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.Tirisporellaceae,which was previously placed in Tirisporellales is placed in Diaporthales based on phylogeny and morphology.A new combi-nation,Dendrostoma leiphaemia propose for Amphiporthe leiphaemia(Fr.)Butin.Based on the morphological characters and molecular data we accept 27 families and 138 genera within Diaporthales,24 genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis and one genus in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.We provide notes for genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis,and excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.展开更多
Listening plays a significant role in both the absorbing of knowledge and social communication, however, it has not received enough attention over the past few decades. In recent years, it has been debated whether the...Listening plays a significant role in both the absorbing of knowledge and social communication, however, it has not received enough attention over the past few decades. In recent years, it has been debated whether there are any strategies in developing appropriate and effective listening skills and whether to adopt the authentic materials in listening teaching. In this dissertation, the importance of authentic materials, adopting authentic materials in the listening instruction will be presented.展开更多
This study aims to examine the relationship between authentic leadership and employee proactive behavior. Based on self-determination theory, we argue that such a relationship is sequentially mediated by psychological...This study aims to examine the relationship between authentic leadership and employee proactive behavior. Based on self-determination theory, we argue that such a relationship is sequentially mediated by psychological empowerment and core self-evaluations. In addition, political skill plays a moderating role in the third stage. These hypotheses are validated by a sample of 65 leaders and 275 subordinates from two private enterprises in China's Mainland. Results show that authentic leadership Clime I） influences employees＇ proactive behavior Clime 3） through the psychological empowerment （Time I） and core self-evaluations of employees （Time 2）, and the relationship between core self-evaluations and proactive behavior is positively moderated by employees＇ political skill. In addition, bootstrapping results also verify the moderating role played by employees＇ political skill in the indirect relationship between authentic leadership and proactive behavior through core self-evaluations. Theoretical and managerial implications are further discussed in the light of these findings.展开更多
This article begins with a discussion of T.W. Adorno＇s exploration of the culture industry, which he sees as characterized by deception and manipulation. The article then goes on to focus on the phenomenon of ＂false...This article begins with a discussion of T.W. Adorno＇s exploration of the culture industry, which he sees as characterized by deception and manipulation. The article then goes on to focus on the phenomenon of ＂false culture,＂ which has been brought about by commodity fetishism＇s expansion to the cultural field in terms of both artistic creation （production） and appraciation （consumption）. The article＇s task then turns to interpreting Adomo＇s critical reflections on art on the basis of his non-identity philosophy and the intrinsic dual dimensions （both destroying and reconciling） of ＂＇negative dialectics.＂ This allows one to make the claim that there is an inner relationship between Adorno＇s theory of art and his social thought, and that these two aspects of discussion, particularly seen in relation provide a foundation for meaningful human life.展开更多
"After a prolonged absence,Singer 2024 isback,thankstoa commitment to authenticity and a respectfor singers.Here,music always serves as the greatest common ground for communication."The Singer 2024 productio..."After a prolonged absence,Singer 2024 isback,thankstoa commitment to authenticity and a respectfor singers.Here,music always serves as the greatest common ground for communication."The Singer 2024 production team posted this message on Weibo,China's X equivalent,on May 12 to mark the program's return after a four-year hiatus.展开更多
This book is a representative work of Li Juan's Altay series.It is divided into two parts.The first part,In Memory(2007-2009),captures the fragmented yet resilient life scenes in Kavut and Akhala villages.The seco...This book is a representative work of Li Juan's Altay series.It is divided into two parts.The first part,In Memory(2007-2009),captures the fragmented yet resilient life scenes in Kavut and Akhala villages.The second part,In the Corner(2002-2006),authentically depicts the daily life of Li Juan,her mother,and her elderly grandmother as they migrate and move with the nomads.The delicate and bright prose showcases the rich and profound survival landscape of the nomadicpeople in the borderlands.展开更多
This book is a piece of reportage literature that tells the touching stories of a group of boys from the Wa ethnic group,represented by the basket-bearing boy Wang Fa.The book authentically and deeply reflects the lif...This book is a piece of reportage literature that tells the touching stories of a group of boys from the Wa ethnic group,represented by the basket-bearing boy Wang Fa.The book authentically and deeply reflects the life trajectories of Wa boys from Cangyuan County,Lincang City,Yunnan Province,who stepped out of the mountains,entered the tennis court,and won national championships.It narrates the perseverance and dedication of the Yunnan Wild Elephant Tennis Club and their coach,Zhang Xiaohong,who are behind these success stories.展开更多
Xiao Wei,an audio algorithm engineer at Chinese tech giant Tencent,hasdedicated roughlyfiveyearsto refining sound through artificial intelligence(AI),specializing in noise elimination and audio purification through AI...Xiao Wei,an audio algorithm engineer at Chinese tech giant Tencent,hasdedicated roughlyfiveyearsto refining sound through artificial intelligence(AI),specializing in noise elimination and audio purification through AI noise reduction technology.This innovation offers users an enhanced listening experience,ensuring clarity and authenticity.展开更多
基金Astra Zeneca R&DUniversities Federation for Animal Welfare+3 种基金Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to AnimalsNovo Nordisk PharmaceuticalsGovernment of the United KingdomAAALAC International。
文摘These Chinese National Guidelines(GB/T 35892-20181)were issued February 06,2018 and became effective September 01,2018.The authors recognized the urgent need for an authentic English translation to inform the international community of the compliance requirements in China.It was appreciated that the final translation must reflect the specialist understanding of those working under the Guideline whilst remaining faithful to the meaning of the original Chinese text.A three-step translation process was therefore determined.Step 1:A professional interpretation service(KL Communications,UK)was commissioned to prepare a literal translation of the Chinese text.Supportive documents were provided which explained specialist terminology.This translation was checked by two bilingual experts.Step 2:A workshop was held in Nanjing in May 2019 to which were invited experts in laboratory animal welfare and ethical use.These included international native English-speaking and Chinese-speaking delegates.The delegates worked in multilingual teams to review sections of the literal translation ahead of the workshop,and to agree an authentic interpretation during the workshop.Step 3:Following the workshop,three bilingual experts(two native Chinese speakers and one native English speaker)reviewed the entire document to ensure consistency of terminology and general accuracy.This document is thus not a“literal translation”but an“accurate interpretation”of the original text.Any challenge of work being performed under these Guidelines should rely on the Chinese text in the first place.However,this translation may be used as mitigating evidence,especially where those performing the work are non-Chinese speakers.
基金financially supported by National Science Fund of China (Nos. 81773875,81403073 and 81530097)Quality Guarantee System of Chinese Herbal Medicines (No. 201507002)+1 种基金foundation from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (No. 2016-JYB-XJQ004)the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund (007/2014/AMJ)
文摘Herein, a strategy is proposed for the simultaneous determination of primary coumarins in Peucedani Radix(Chinese name: Qianhu). The methodology consists of three consecutive steps: 1) Semi-preparative LC in combination with a home-made automated fraction collection module to fragment the universal metabolome standard into ten fractions(Frs. I–X); 2) LC–accurate MS/MS and quantitative1 H NMR spectroscopy conducted in parallel to acquire the qualitative and quantitative data of each fraction; 3) Robust identification and quantification of components by use of LC coupled to multiple reaction monitoring. In this final step, the most significant fractions(Frs. III–X) were pooled to serve as the pseudo-mixed standard solution. Meticulous online parameter optimization was performed to obtain the optimal parameters, including ion transitions and collision energies. Concerns were particularly paid onto pursuing the parameters being capable of monitoring regiospecific isomers, notably praeruptorin E vs. 3′-isovaleryl-4′-angeloylkhellactone. The quantitative performance of the method was validated according to diverse assays. Eleven primary coumarins(1–11) were unambiguously identified and absolutely quantified, even though no external reference compound was used. Above all, the integrated strategy not only provides a feasible pipeline for the quality assessment of Peucedani Radix, but more importantly, shows the potential for authentic compound-free quantitative evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 90104002）, the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China （Grant No. 2003CB314801）.
文摘The primary problem during the evolvement of next-generation Internet is the contradiction between growing requirements for Internet and the insufficient development of network theory and technology. As the fundamental principles to guide the developing direction of Internet, the study of Internet architecture is always a focus in the research community. To address the core issue of network scalability, we propose multi-dimension scalable architecture of next-generation Internet, the main idea of which is to extend the single-dimension scalability of traditional Internet on interconnection to multi-dimension scalability of next-generation Internet. The multi-dimension scalability is composed of scale-scalability, performance-scalability, security-scalability, function-scalability, and service-scalability. We suggest five elements, namely, IPv6, authentic IPv6 addressing, scalable processing capacity of routers, end-to-end connectionless Quality-of-Service control, and 4over6 mechanism to realize the multi-dimension scalability. The current research results show that the multi-dimension scalable architecture composed of these five elements will bring great influence on next-generation Internet.
基金National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)for the grant"Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae"(Grant No.592010200112)Thailand Research Fund(TRF)grant no RSA5980068 entitled"Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans",the National Research Council of Thailand(Mae Fah Luang University)Grant No.60201000201 entitled"Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice"+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(number 2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for funding this work under the project code 31750110478。
文摘Demarcation of family,genus and species boundaries in the Diaporthales has been tentative due to uninformative illus-trations and descriptions,overlapping morphological characteristics,misplacement or poor condition of type specimens and shortage of molecular data from ex-type cultures.In this study,we obtained the type specimens or other authentic specimens of diaporthalean taxa from worldwide fungaria.We examined,described and illustrated them.This study is based on morphological characters from type or authentic specimens,details from protologue and original illustrations and molecular data obtained from GenBank.Combined analyses of nrITS,nrLSU,RPB2 and TEF1-a sequence data were used to construct the molecular phylogeny.Additionally,we provided separate phylogenetic trees for families when necessary to show the generic distribution within these families based on suitable gene markers.Based on morphology and phylogeny,we treat 17 genera previously assigned to Diaporthales genera incertae sedis within several families.For some genera we have designated new generic types as they are lacking type species or type species have affiliations with other families.We exclude Anisomycopsis from Diaporthales and place it in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.Tirisporellaceae,which was previously placed in Tirisporellales is placed in Diaporthales based on phylogeny and morphology.A new combi-nation,Dendrostoma leiphaemia propose for Amphiporthe leiphaemia(Fr.)Butin.Based on the morphological characters and molecular data we accept 27 families and 138 genera within Diaporthales,24 genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis and one genus in Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.We provide notes for genera in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis,and excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.
文摘Listening plays a significant role in both the absorbing of knowledge and social communication, however, it has not received enough attention over the past few decades. In recent years, it has been debated whether there are any strategies in developing appropriate and effective listening skills and whether to adopt the authentic materials in listening teaching. In this dissertation, the importance of authentic materials, adopting authentic materials in the listening instruction will be presented.
文摘This study aims to examine the relationship between authentic leadership and employee proactive behavior. Based on self-determination theory, we argue that such a relationship is sequentially mediated by psychological empowerment and core self-evaluations. In addition, political skill plays a moderating role in the third stage. These hypotheses are validated by a sample of 65 leaders and 275 subordinates from two private enterprises in China's Mainland. Results show that authentic leadership Clime I） influences employees＇ proactive behavior Clime 3） through the psychological empowerment （Time I） and core self-evaluations of employees （Time 2）, and the relationship between core self-evaluations and proactive behavior is positively moderated by employees＇ political skill. In addition, bootstrapping results also verify the moderating role played by employees＇ political skill in the indirect relationship between authentic leadership and proactive behavior through core self-evaluations. Theoretical and managerial implications are further discussed in the light of these findings.
文摘This article begins with a discussion of T.W. Adorno＇s exploration of the culture industry, which he sees as characterized by deception and manipulation. The article then goes on to focus on the phenomenon of ＂false culture,＂ which has been brought about by commodity fetishism＇s expansion to the cultural field in terms of both artistic creation （production） and appraciation （consumption）. The article＇s task then turns to interpreting Adomo＇s critical reflections on art on the basis of his non-identity philosophy and the intrinsic dual dimensions （both destroying and reconciling） of ＂＇negative dialectics.＂ This allows one to make the claim that there is an inner relationship between Adorno＇s theory of art and his social thought, and that these two aspects of discussion, particularly seen in relation provide a foundation for meaningful human life.
文摘"After a prolonged absence,Singer 2024 isback,thankstoa commitment to authenticity and a respectfor singers.Here,music always serves as the greatest common ground for communication."The Singer 2024 production team posted this message on Weibo,China's X equivalent,on May 12 to mark the program's return after a four-year hiatus.
文摘This book is a representative work of Li Juan's Altay series.It is divided into two parts.The first part,In Memory(2007-2009),captures the fragmented yet resilient life scenes in Kavut and Akhala villages.The second part,In the Corner(2002-2006),authentically depicts the daily life of Li Juan,her mother,and her elderly grandmother as they migrate and move with the nomads.The delicate and bright prose showcases the rich and profound survival landscape of the nomadicpeople in the borderlands.
文摘This book is a piece of reportage literature that tells the touching stories of a group of boys from the Wa ethnic group,represented by the basket-bearing boy Wang Fa.The book authentically and deeply reflects the life trajectories of Wa boys from Cangyuan County,Lincang City,Yunnan Province,who stepped out of the mountains,entered the tennis court,and won national championships.It narrates the perseverance and dedication of the Yunnan Wild Elephant Tennis Club and their coach,Zhang Xiaohong,who are behind these success stories.
文摘Xiao Wei,an audio algorithm engineer at Chinese tech giant Tencent,hasdedicated roughlyfiveyearsto refining sound through artificial intelligence(AI),specializing in noise elimination and audio purification through AI noise reduction technology.This innovation offers users an enhanced listening experience,ensuring clarity and authenticity.
