Since its independence in 1948,Israel's policy on Islam-related issues has long been subordinated to its Arab minority policy.Policy priorities that focused on land resource deprivation and security risk avoidance...Since its independence in 1948,Israel's policy on Islam-related issues has long been subordinated to its Arab minority policy.Policy priorities that focused on land resource deprivation and security risk avoidance and its multiple mechanisms for policy implementation highlighted a strategy of securitisation and prag-matism.Since the 1990s,the ascendance of right-wing forces drove Israel's Islam-related policy towards a tougher line,with its concerns shifting from material and security to cultural and ideological ones and resorting more frequently to coercive measures.In this process,the Islamic Movement in Israel became the main opposition force among the Arab community to respond to and challenge the gov-ernment's policy changes.The bilateral mobilisation of Jewish right-wing and hardline Islamist forces amplified the impact of religious issues on the interethnic relations in Israel,which further acceler-ated the trend of radicalisation,Palestinization,and Islamization among the Israeli Arab community.展开更多
Background: Studies related to socio-demographic, health-related, and biochemical factors are scarce among Arab adults and even more so among adolescents. Objectives: To compare the above factors between adolescents f...Background: Studies related to socio-demographic, health-related, and biochemical factors are scarce among Arab adults and even more so among adolescents. Objectives: To compare the above factors between adolescents from two Arab countries. Methods: Two previous studies were done on some of the above factors. The similar factors in the two studies were compared with each other. The two Arab countries that came close to addressing these factors were Kuwait (K) and Egypt (E). Results: Anthropometric measurements were higher among K than E with the exception of Homa-IR, CRP, and homocysteine. All biochemical factors were higher among K than E. The IQ range for gender, age, WC, and area of residence were higher among E than K. The comparison between K and E with respect to the presence of one MetS or more was inconsistent. As the number of MetS increased, K showed higher values of the prevalence MetS than E for either gender or total sample. Conclusions: For individual comparable factors, results were inconsistent. However, with the presence of >1 MetS parameter, K showed consistently higher prevalence of MetS.展开更多
Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the association between socio-demographic and health-related factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among male adolescents in Kuwait. Methods and Results: We us...Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the association between socio-demographic and health-related factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among male adolescents in Kuwait. Methods and Results: We used a cross sectional study with a sample of 303 male Kuwaiti adolescents of age 10 - 19 years, selected from intermediate and high schools. All had anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests. In addition, a questionnaire for the evaluation of the association of a variety of socio-demographic and health-related factors with MetS was given to participants for assessing these factors. The presence of the MetS was assessed in each subject using two validated criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel Modified for age (NCEP-ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). We established that the prevalence of MetS by the ATP III and IDF criteria was respectively 9.8% and 11.7%. The educational level of both parents and factors such as weight, diet and physical activity associated significantly with the presence of MetS in Kuwaiti adolescents. Conclusions: The IDF gave higher values for the prevalence of MetS than the ATP III. Using either criterion, this information obtained in this study is important in planning strategies for prevention and control of this disorder.展开更多
Ancient Arabs have recognized metallic and mineral ores, including their fluid inclusions which were still considered as a new scientific fields in the 70’s last century. They discovered metallic ores (gold, silver, ...Ancient Arabs have recognized metallic and mineral ores, including their fluid inclusions which were still considered as a new scientific fields in the 70’s last century. They discovered metallic ores (gold, silver, copper), in inhabited areas and in delta and river crosses, using different techniques for exploration and exploitation. Metallic industry flourished during the Islamic period, silver and gold were used as currency for commercial exchanges. Meteorites were also recognized by Ancient Arabs. They collected them in the deserted areas, and used them for arms manufacturing, as sabers and daggers. The more famous of these arms is the Damask saber steel, known reputedly Jaohar. It has an extraordinary mechanical properties, and exceptional sharp cutting edge. The Jaohar blades were forged directly from fall meteorites, at temperature of 80℃, using a sophistical thermomechanical of forging, annealing to refine the steel, and giving it this exceptional quality and superelastic behavior. Meteorites using by Ancient Arabs come back to 400 years ago, as confirmed by a recent research on two meteorites samples, presented in Aleppo museum, found in Ras Shamra, and Umm El Maraa, in Syria.展开更多
This review surveys the literature published on the characteristics and implications of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) for the Arab andBedouin populations of Israel. T2 DM is a global health problem. ...This review surveys the literature published on the characteristics and implications of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) for the Arab andBedouin populations of Israel. T2 DM is a global health problem. The rapid rise in its prevalence in the Arab and Bedouin populations in Israel is responsible for their lower life expectancy compared to Israeli Jews. The increased prevalence of T2 DM corresponds to increased rates of obesity in these populations. A major risk group is adult Arab women aged 55-64 years. In this group obesity reaches 70%. There are several genetic and nutritional explanations for this increase. We found high hospitalization rates for micro and macrovascular complications among diabetic patients of Arab and Bedouin origin. Despite the high prevalence of diabetes and its negative health implications, there is evidence that care and counseling relating to nutrition, physical activity and self-examination of the feet are unsatisfactory. Economic difficulties are frequently cited as the reason for inadequate medical care. Other proposed reasons include faith in traditional therapy and misconceptions about drugs and their side effects. In Israel, the quality indicators program is based on one of the world's leading information systems and deals with the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The program's baseline data pointed to health inequality between minority populations and the general population in several areas, including monitoring and control of diabetes. Based on these data, a pilot intervention program was planned, aimed at minority populations. This program led to a decrease in inequality and served as the basis for a broader, more comprehensive intervention that has entered the implementation stage. Interventions that were shown to be effective in other Arabic countries may serve as models for diabetes management in the Arab and Bedouin populations in Israel.展开更多
Objective: To review all the studies on diabetic foot disorders (DFDs) that were published on the PubMed? site aiming to identify the contributions of the different Arabs’ countries in the world scientific literature...Objective: To review all the studies on diabetic foot disorders (DFDs) that were published on the PubMed? site aiming to identify the contributions of the different Arabs’ countries in the world scientific literature on this topic. Methods: The PubMed? site was searched using different key words for searching all the abstracts on Diabetes mellitus (DM) and DFDs published from Arabs’ League countries (n = 22). For this review, the 22 countries were classified into 3 groups: Group 1 (G1): Gulf Council Countries (GCC) countries (n = 6), Group 2 (G2): African Arabs’ countries (n = 10), Group 3 (G3): Asian and/or Eastern Mediterranean Arabs’ countries (n = 6). All the abstracts on DM coming from all of the 22 Arabs’ countries were initially reviewed to locate the ones related to DFDs’ management. All of the articles related to DFDs were reviewed by the senior author. A publication index was created to allow a comparison between the productivity of various countries and correlate that to the population number. Results: By April 2012, a total of 906 articles were published on DM, out of them 115 (11.6%) were related to DFDs. The largest number of DM/DFDs research came from G1 countries (n = 437/51) followed by G2 (n = 307/38) and finally G3 (n = 162/26). The percentages of the studies related to DFDs were therefore: 11.6%, 12.3% and 20.6% respectively. Saudi Arabia was the top on the list of all studied countries with 31 studies related to DFDs out of the 187 on DM (16.5%). Conclusion: More research on DFDs is needed in most of the Arabs’ countries particularly those in the GCC region which reported very high prevalence rates and are expected to hold these rates for the coming decades. Also, special attention is needed for those low-income Arabs’ countries that had no contributions in DFDs’ research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome(PMS)is the constellation of physical and psychological symptoms before menstruation.Premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD)is a severe form of PMS with more depressive and anxiety sympto...BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome(PMS)is the constellation of physical and psychological symptoms before menstruation.Premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD)is a severe form of PMS with more depressive and anxiety symptoms.The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview,module U(MINI-U),assesses the diagnostic criteria for probable PMDD.The Premenstrual Symptoms screening tool(PSST)measures the severity of these symptoms.AIM To compare the PSST ordinal scores with the corresponding dichotomous MINI-U answers.METHODS Arab women(n=194)residing in Doha,Qatar,received the MINI-U and PSST.Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)analyses provided the cut-off scores on the PSST using MINI-U as a gold standard.RESULTS All PSST ratings were higher in participants with positive responses on MINI-U.In addition,ROC analyses showed that all areas under the curves were significant with the cutoff scores on PSST.CONCLUSION This study confirms that the severity measures from PSST can recognize patients with moderate/severe PMS and PMDD who would benefit from immediate treatment.展开更多
This article examines integration vs. segregation of Arabs in Israel＇s social sphere. Most geo-spatial studies regarding inter-ethnic relations are single dimensional, focusing on residential segregation assuming its...This article examines integration vs. segregation of Arabs in Israel＇s social sphere. Most geo-spatial studies regarding inter-ethnic relations are single dimensional, focusing on residential segregation assuming its association to the social domain. We argue that in the globalizing world daily activity spaces, social networks and influences on everyday life conditions are rooted in growing horizons around residential location weakening the power of residential location to dictate life conditions. Hence we suggest employing a multi-dimensional approach. Specifically, we explore the associations among residential spaces （relating to Arab residents of： purely Arab localities; mixed-Jewish-Arab cities, and Jewish cities）; main activity spaces （commuters to Jewish areas and localists--people staying mostly in the Arab localities） and social integration （social networks; repertoire of identities; attitudes toward integration and knowledge of Hebrew）. The data incorporate tracking the movements of 177 responders for a week （using a GPS logger） and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed quantitatively. Core findings suggest that both residential place and activity spaces affect social integration, however, the locality type has a greater affect. In addition, we identified four integration sorts according to kinds of municipality, activity spaces, and integration measures： （1） segregated localists living in Arab municipalities; （2） commuters living in Arab localities characterized by limited integration; （3） Arabs residing in Jewish cities that succeeded economically but are characterized by limited social integration, and （4） those living in mixed cities which enjoy the highest, yet limited integration level.展开更多
文摘Since its independence in 1948,Israel's policy on Islam-related issues has long been subordinated to its Arab minority policy.Policy priorities that focused on land resource deprivation and security risk avoidance and its multiple mechanisms for policy implementation highlighted a strategy of securitisation and prag-matism.Since the 1990s,the ascendance of right-wing forces drove Israel's Islam-related policy towards a tougher line,with its concerns shifting from material and security to cultural and ideological ones and resorting more frequently to coercive measures.In this process,the Islamic Movement in Israel became the main opposition force among the Arab community to respond to and challenge the gov-ernment's policy changes.The bilateral mobilisation of Jewish right-wing and hardline Islamist forces amplified the impact of religious issues on the interethnic relations in Israel,which further acceler-ated the trend of radicalisation,Palestinization,and Islamization among the Israeli Arab community.
文摘Background: Studies related to socio-demographic, health-related, and biochemical factors are scarce among Arab adults and even more so among adolescents. Objectives: To compare the above factors between adolescents from two Arab countries. Methods: Two previous studies were done on some of the above factors. The similar factors in the two studies were compared with each other. The two Arab countries that came close to addressing these factors were Kuwait (K) and Egypt (E). Results: Anthropometric measurements were higher among K than E with the exception of Homa-IR, CRP, and homocysteine. All biochemical factors were higher among K than E. The IQ range for gender, age, WC, and area of residence were higher among E than K. The comparison between K and E with respect to the presence of one MetS or more was inconsistent. As the number of MetS increased, K showed higher values of the prevalence MetS than E for either gender or total sample. Conclusions: For individual comparable factors, results were inconsistent. However, with the presence of >1 MetS parameter, K showed consistently higher prevalence of MetS.
文摘Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the association between socio-demographic and health-related factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among male adolescents in Kuwait. Methods and Results: We used a cross sectional study with a sample of 303 male Kuwaiti adolescents of age 10 - 19 years, selected from intermediate and high schools. All had anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests. In addition, a questionnaire for the evaluation of the association of a variety of socio-demographic and health-related factors with MetS was given to participants for assessing these factors. The presence of the MetS was assessed in each subject using two validated criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Third Adult Treatment Panel Modified for age (NCEP-ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). We established that the prevalence of MetS by the ATP III and IDF criteria was respectively 9.8% and 11.7%. The educational level of both parents and factors such as weight, diet and physical activity associated significantly with the presence of MetS in Kuwaiti adolescents. Conclusions: The IDF gave higher values for the prevalence of MetS than the ATP III. Using either criterion, this information obtained in this study is important in planning strategies for prevention and control of this disorder.
文摘Ancient Arabs have recognized metallic and mineral ores, including their fluid inclusions which were still considered as a new scientific fields in the 70’s last century. They discovered metallic ores (gold, silver, copper), in inhabited areas and in delta and river crosses, using different techniques for exploration and exploitation. Metallic industry flourished during the Islamic period, silver and gold were used as currency for commercial exchanges. Meteorites were also recognized by Ancient Arabs. They collected them in the deserted areas, and used them for arms manufacturing, as sabers and daggers. The more famous of these arms is the Damask saber steel, known reputedly Jaohar. It has an extraordinary mechanical properties, and exceptional sharp cutting edge. The Jaohar blades were forged directly from fall meteorites, at temperature of 80℃, using a sophistical thermomechanical of forging, annealing to refine the steel, and giving it this exceptional quality and superelastic behavior. Meteorites using by Ancient Arabs come back to 400 years ago, as confirmed by a recent research on two meteorites samples, presented in Aleppo museum, found in Ras Shamra, and Umm El Maraa, in Syria.
文摘This review surveys the literature published on the characteristics and implications of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) for the Arab andBedouin populations of Israel. T2 DM is a global health problem. The rapid rise in its prevalence in the Arab and Bedouin populations in Israel is responsible for their lower life expectancy compared to Israeli Jews. The increased prevalence of T2 DM corresponds to increased rates of obesity in these populations. A major risk group is adult Arab women aged 55-64 years. In this group obesity reaches 70%. There are several genetic and nutritional explanations for this increase. We found high hospitalization rates for micro and macrovascular complications among diabetic patients of Arab and Bedouin origin. Despite the high prevalence of diabetes and its negative health implications, there is evidence that care and counseling relating to nutrition, physical activity and self-examination of the feet are unsatisfactory. Economic difficulties are frequently cited as the reason for inadequate medical care. Other proposed reasons include faith in traditional therapy and misconceptions about drugs and their side effects. In Israel, the quality indicators program is based on one of the world's leading information systems and deals with the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The program's baseline data pointed to health inequality between minority populations and the general population in several areas, including monitoring and control of diabetes. Based on these data, a pilot intervention program was planned, aimed at minority populations. This program led to a decrease in inequality and served as the basis for a broader, more comprehensive intervention that has entered the implementation stage. Interventions that were shown to be effective in other Arabic countries may serve as models for diabetes management in the Arab and Bedouin populations in Israel.
文摘Objective: To review all the studies on diabetic foot disorders (DFDs) that were published on the PubMed? site aiming to identify the contributions of the different Arabs’ countries in the world scientific literature on this topic. Methods: The PubMed? site was searched using different key words for searching all the abstracts on Diabetes mellitus (DM) and DFDs published from Arabs’ League countries (n = 22). For this review, the 22 countries were classified into 3 groups: Group 1 (G1): Gulf Council Countries (GCC) countries (n = 6), Group 2 (G2): African Arabs’ countries (n = 10), Group 3 (G3): Asian and/or Eastern Mediterranean Arabs’ countries (n = 6). All the abstracts on DM coming from all of the 22 Arabs’ countries were initially reviewed to locate the ones related to DFDs’ management. All of the articles related to DFDs were reviewed by the senior author. A publication index was created to allow a comparison between the productivity of various countries and correlate that to the population number. Results: By April 2012, a total of 906 articles were published on DM, out of them 115 (11.6%) were related to DFDs. The largest number of DM/DFDs research came from G1 countries (n = 437/51) followed by G2 (n = 307/38) and finally G3 (n = 162/26). The percentages of the studies related to DFDs were therefore: 11.6%, 12.3% and 20.6% respectively. Saudi Arabia was the top on the list of all studied countries with 31 studies related to DFDs out of the 187 on DM (16.5%). Conclusion: More research on DFDs is needed in most of the Arabs’ countries particularly those in the GCC region which reported very high prevalence rates and are expected to hold these rates for the coming decades. Also, special attention is needed for those low-income Arabs’ countries that had no contributions in DFDs’ research.
基金Supported by the Qatar National Research Fund,No. UREP 10-022-3-005
文摘BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome(PMS)is the constellation of physical and psychological symptoms before menstruation.Premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD)is a severe form of PMS with more depressive and anxiety symptoms.The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview,module U(MINI-U),assesses the diagnostic criteria for probable PMDD.The Premenstrual Symptoms screening tool(PSST)measures the severity of these symptoms.AIM To compare the PSST ordinal scores with the corresponding dichotomous MINI-U answers.METHODS Arab women(n=194)residing in Doha,Qatar,received the MINI-U and PSST.Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)analyses provided the cut-off scores on the PSST using MINI-U as a gold standard.RESULTS All PSST ratings were higher in participants with positive responses on MINI-U.In addition,ROC analyses showed that all areas under the curves were significant with the cutoff scores on PSST.CONCLUSION This study confirms that the severity measures from PSST can recognize patients with moderate/severe PMS and PMDD who would benefit from immediate treatment.
基金Acknowledgments The authors thank the ISF-Israeli Science Foundation Bikura program for funding the project.
文摘This article examines integration vs. segregation of Arabs in Israel＇s social sphere. Most geo-spatial studies regarding inter-ethnic relations are single dimensional, focusing on residential segregation assuming its association to the social domain. We argue that in the globalizing world daily activity spaces, social networks and influences on everyday life conditions are rooted in growing horizons around residential location weakening the power of residential location to dictate life conditions. Hence we suggest employing a multi-dimensional approach. Specifically, we explore the associations among residential spaces （relating to Arab residents of： purely Arab localities; mixed-Jewish-Arab cities, and Jewish cities）; main activity spaces （commuters to Jewish areas and localists--people staying mostly in the Arab localities） and social integration （social networks; repertoire of identities; attitudes toward integration and knowledge of Hebrew）. The data incorporate tracking the movements of 177 responders for a week （using a GPS logger） and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed quantitatively. Core findings suggest that both residential place and activity spaces affect social integration, however, the locality type has a greater affect. In addition, we identified four integration sorts according to kinds of municipality, activity spaces, and integration measures： （1） segregated localists living in Arab municipalities; （2） commuters living in Arab localities characterized by limited integration; （3） Arabs residing in Jewish cities that succeeded economically but are characterized by limited social integration, and （4） those living in mixed cities which enjoy the highest, yet limited integration level.
