目的回顾性研究广西8市2010—2018年HIV抗体阳性母亲使用预防艾滋病母婴传播(prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,PMTCT)的抗逆转录病毒药物后对18月龄幼儿身体发育不良的影响,为国家改进PMTCT的用药方案提供依据。方...目的回顾性研究广西8市2010—2018年HIV抗体阳性母亲使用预防艾滋病母婴传播(prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,PMTCT)的抗逆转录病毒药物后对18月龄幼儿身体发育不良的影响,为国家改进PMTCT的用药方案提供依据。方法选取广西8市作为研究现场,按照回顾性病例对照研究设计,病例组为广西8市2010年1月—2018年12月"全国母婴阻断系统数据库"中使用PMTCT药物的HIV抗体阳性母亲及所分娩婴儿,收集分析其使用PMTCT药物的历史卡片和母婴阻断资料及18月龄幼儿体检资料。对照组为相同8市妇幼保健院2018年健康母亲及所分娩婴儿,收集分析其18月龄幼儿体检资料。幼儿身体发育不良定义为身高、体重和头围3项指标中至少1项指标低于正常值范围。结果病例组的HIV抗体阳性母亲及所分娩婴儿使用PMTCT药物率分别为91.38%(2811/3076)和96.41(2954/3064),病例组18月龄幼儿的HIV抗体阳性率为1.21%(37/3064)、死亡率为2.28%(70/3064)、HIV母婴传播率为2.21%。病例组满18月龄健康体检时发现幼儿身体发育不良率为14.57%(301/2066);对照组满18月龄幼儿身体发育不良率为10.39%(563/5419),病例组与对照组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论广西8市近9年HIV抗体阳性母亲及所分娩婴儿使用PMTCT药物率高,可能导致满18月龄幼儿身体发育不良率较高,应进一步深入研究影响因素。展开更多
The spectrophotometric data in the interactions between the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and blood cells treated with antiretroviral drug were collected to be used to show the effects of antiretroviral drugs on ...The spectrophotometric data in the interactions between the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and blood cells treated with antiretroviral drug were collected to be used to show the effects of antiretroviral drugs on the absorbance characteristics of HIV infected and uninfected blood. The methodology involved the serial dilution of the five different antiretroviral drugs (two HAART/FDC and three single drugs) and the subsequent incubation with the blood samples collected from ten HIV infected persons who had not yet commenced treatment with the antiretroviral drugs, ten HIV infected persons who had already commenced treatment with the antiretroviral drugs, and ten HIV negative persons, for the absorbance measurements using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer. The peak absorbance data for various interacting systems were measured. These were used to show that the antiretroviral drug had the effect of increasing the peak absorbance values of both the uninfected and infected blood components, i.e., the drugs were made able to increase the light absorption capacity of the blood cells. The use of the findings of this work in drug design may be expected to yield good results.展开更多
In the twenty first century research works, there may be a need to achieve a more reliable research result through a synergy between engineers and biological researchers. The peak absorbance data for various interacti...In the twenty first century research works, there may be a need to achieve a more reliable research result through a synergy between engineers and biological researchers. The peak absorbance data for various interacting systems were measured. These were used to show that the antiretroviral drug has the effect of increasing the peak absorbance values of both the uninfected and infected blood components, i.e., the drugs are made able to increase the light absorption capacity of the blood cells. For drug 2 that contains three components including Efavirenz, the drug effect on lymphocytes was increased by about 38% for patients that had been on antiretroviral drug treatment. Mathematical models were proposed and used in determining the coating effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs in the presence and absence of HIV. The use of the findings of this work by pharmaceutical industries may help in the search for more effective antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV patients.展开更多
Hamaker coefficient approach was used as a surface thermodynamic tool in determining the HIV- blood interactions in the antiretroviral drug environment. The methodology involved the absorbance measurement using a digi...Hamaker coefficient approach was used as a surface thermodynamic tool in determining the HIV- blood interactions in the antiretroviral drug environment. The methodology involved the absorbance measurement using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer of blood samples collected from ten HIV infected persons who had not commenced treatment with antiretroviral drugs (No ARV), ten HIV infected persons who had already commenced treatment with antiretroviral drugs (with ARV) and ten blood samples of uninfected persons all in each of five different antiretroviral drugs environment. The variables required for the computations with the Lifshiftz formula in the determination of Hamaker constants/coefficients were derived from the absorbance data. The values of the various Hamaker coefficients for each antiretroviral drug on both infected and uninfected blood samples were calculated. MATLAB software tools were employed in the computations. The absolute values for the combined Hamaker coefficient for the drugs ranged from -0.02481 × 10-21 Joule for drug 4 to -0.05845 × 10-21 Joule for drug 3. The negative senses of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient imply net negative van der Waals forces indicating a possible repulsion between HIV and drug coated lymphocyte cells. For the virus interacting with blood samples not coated with the drugs, the Hamaker coefficients are positive indicating the vulnerability of the lymphocytes in the absence of the drugs. This effect suggests effective coating or binding of the lymphocytes with the drugs is needed for possible blocking of the virus from the surface of the lymphocyte cell. A thermodynamic criterion for HIV-drug interaction prediction was suggested and found to be a valuable tool in HIV-blood interaction study. The use of the findings of this work by pharmaceutical industries may be possible in the area of drug design.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS).After over 26 years of efforts,there is still not a therapeutic cure or an effective vaccine agai...Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS).After over 26 years of efforts,there is still not a therapeutic cure or an effective vaccine against HIV/AIDS.The clinical management of HIV-1 infected people largely relies on antiretroviral therapy (ART).Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has provided an effective way to treat AIDS patients,the huge burden of ART in developing countries,together with the increasing incidence of drug resistant viruses among treated people,calls for continuous efforts for the development of anti-HIV-1 drugs.Currently,four classes of over 30 licensed antiretrovirals (ARVs) and combination regimens of these ARVs are in use clinically including:reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) (e.g.nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,NRTIs;and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,NNRTIs),protease inhibitors (PIs),integrase inhibitors and entry inhibitors (e.g.fusion inhibitors and CCR5 antagonists).Here,we intend to provide updated information of currently available antiretroviral drugs for ART to promote the development of novel anti-HIV-1 drugs.展开更多
文摘目的回顾性研究广西8市2010—2018年HIV抗体阳性母亲使用预防艾滋病母婴传播(prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,PMTCT)的抗逆转录病毒药物后对18月龄幼儿身体发育不良的影响,为国家改进PMTCT的用药方案提供依据。方法选取广西8市作为研究现场,按照回顾性病例对照研究设计,病例组为广西8市2010年1月—2018年12月"全国母婴阻断系统数据库"中使用PMTCT药物的HIV抗体阳性母亲及所分娩婴儿,收集分析其使用PMTCT药物的历史卡片和母婴阻断资料及18月龄幼儿体检资料。对照组为相同8市妇幼保健院2018年健康母亲及所分娩婴儿,收集分析其18月龄幼儿体检资料。幼儿身体发育不良定义为身高、体重和头围3项指标中至少1项指标低于正常值范围。结果病例组的HIV抗体阳性母亲及所分娩婴儿使用PMTCT药物率分别为91.38%(2811/3076)和96.41(2954/3064),病例组18月龄幼儿的HIV抗体阳性率为1.21%(37/3064)、死亡率为2.28%(70/3064)、HIV母婴传播率为2.21%。病例组满18月龄健康体检时发现幼儿身体发育不良率为14.57%(301/2066);对照组满18月龄幼儿身体发育不良率为10.39%(563/5419),病例组与对照组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论广西8市近9年HIV抗体阳性母亲及所分娩婴儿使用PMTCT药物率高,可能导致满18月龄幼儿身体发育不良率较高,应进一步深入研究影响因素。
文摘The spectrophotometric data in the interactions between the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and blood cells treated with antiretroviral drug were collected to be used to show the effects of antiretroviral drugs on the absorbance characteristics of HIV infected and uninfected blood. The methodology involved the serial dilution of the five different antiretroviral drugs (two HAART/FDC and three single drugs) and the subsequent incubation with the blood samples collected from ten HIV infected persons who had not yet commenced treatment with the antiretroviral drugs, ten HIV infected persons who had already commenced treatment with the antiretroviral drugs, and ten HIV negative persons, for the absorbance measurements using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer. The peak absorbance data for various interacting systems were measured. These were used to show that the antiretroviral drug had the effect of increasing the peak absorbance values of both the uninfected and infected blood components, i.e., the drugs were made able to increase the light absorption capacity of the blood cells. The use of the findings of this work in drug design may be expected to yield good results.
文摘In the twenty first century research works, there may be a need to achieve a more reliable research result through a synergy between engineers and biological researchers. The peak absorbance data for various interacting systems were measured. These were used to show that the antiretroviral drug has the effect of increasing the peak absorbance values of both the uninfected and infected blood components, i.e., the drugs are made able to increase the light absorption capacity of the blood cells. For drug 2 that contains three components including Efavirenz, the drug effect on lymphocytes was increased by about 38% for patients that had been on antiretroviral drug treatment. Mathematical models were proposed and used in determining the coating effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs in the presence and absence of HIV. The use of the findings of this work by pharmaceutical industries may help in the search for more effective antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV patients.
文摘Hamaker coefficient approach was used as a surface thermodynamic tool in determining the HIV- blood interactions in the antiretroviral drug environment. The methodology involved the absorbance measurement using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer of blood samples collected from ten HIV infected persons who had not commenced treatment with antiretroviral drugs (No ARV), ten HIV infected persons who had already commenced treatment with antiretroviral drugs (with ARV) and ten blood samples of uninfected persons all in each of five different antiretroviral drugs environment. The variables required for the computations with the Lifshiftz formula in the determination of Hamaker constants/coefficients were derived from the absorbance data. The values of the various Hamaker coefficients for each antiretroviral drug on both infected and uninfected blood samples were calculated. MATLAB software tools were employed in the computations. The absolute values for the combined Hamaker coefficient for the drugs ranged from -0.02481 × 10-21 Joule for drug 4 to -0.05845 × 10-21 Joule for drug 3. The negative senses of the absolute combined Hamaker coefficient imply net negative van der Waals forces indicating a possible repulsion between HIV and drug coated lymphocyte cells. For the virus interacting with blood samples not coated with the drugs, the Hamaker coefficients are positive indicating the vulnerability of the lymphocytes in the absence of the drugs. This effect suggests effective coating or binding of the lymphocytes with the drugs is needed for possible blocking of the virus from the surface of the lymphocyte cell. A thermodynamic criterion for HIV-drug interaction prediction was suggested and found to be a valuable tool in HIV-blood interaction study. The use of the findings of this work by pharmaceutical industries may be possible in the area of drug design.
基金supported by HKU-UDF,HKSARG FHB/RFCID09080772the National Basic Research Program of China(2008ZX10001-011 and 2008ZX10001-015)
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS).After over 26 years of efforts,there is still not a therapeutic cure or an effective vaccine against HIV/AIDS.The clinical management of HIV-1 infected people largely relies on antiretroviral therapy (ART).Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has provided an effective way to treat AIDS patients,the huge burden of ART in developing countries,together with the increasing incidence of drug resistant viruses among treated people,calls for continuous efforts for the development of anti-HIV-1 drugs.Currently,four classes of over 30 licensed antiretrovirals (ARVs) and combination regimens of these ARVs are in use clinically including:reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) (e.g.nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,NRTIs;and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors,NNRTIs),protease inhibitors (PIs),integrase inhibitors and entry inhibitors (e.g.fusion inhibitors and CCR5 antagonists).Here,we intend to provide updated information of currently available antiretroviral drugs for ART to promote the development of novel anti-HIV-1 drugs.
