The theoretical studies of bionics of machinery have great scientific significance, and the development of bionic machines has large practical values in the field of engineering and technology. Through the rigorous se...The theoretical studies of bionics of machinery have great scientific significance, and the development of bionic machines has large practical values in the field of engineering and technology. Through the rigorous selection process of evolution, the survived living organisms have successfully developed outstanding abilities to adapt to their surroundings and to reproduce their offspring. In this review,we interpreted the fundamental principles of anti-adhesion and anti-resistance of soil animals by reviewing the current status in this research field and summarizing the work of the research group at Jilin University of China in the past decades. The principles and technologies used in morphology bionics,electric-osmosis bionics,flexibility bionics,configuration bionics and coupling bionics were examined.Finally,the applications of the engineering bionics and their extensive prospects were introduced.展开更多
The micromorphologies of surfaces of several typical plant leaves were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Different non-smooth surface characteristics were described and classified. The hydrophobicit...The micromorphologies of surfaces of several typical plant leaves were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Different non-smooth surface characteristics were described and classified. The hydrophobicity and anti-adhesion of non-smooth leaf surfaces were quantitatively measured. Results show that the morphology of epidermal cells and the morphology and distribution density of epicuticular wax directly affect the hydrophobicity and anti-adhesion. The surface with uniformly distributed convex units shows the best anti-adhesion, and the surface with regularly arranged trellis units displays better anti-adhesion. In contrast, the surface with randomly distributed hair units performs relatively bad anti-adheslon. The hydrophobic models of papilla-ciliary and fold-setal non-smooth surfaces were set up to determine the impacts of geometric parameters on the hydrophobicity. This study may provide an insight into surface machine molding and apparent morphology design for biomimetics engineering.展开更多
Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and histological techniques were used to observe and study the structure of setae on the integument surface of the dung beetle Copris ochus Motschulsky and on the foot pad of the gecko...Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and histological techniques were used to observe and study the structure of setae on the integument surface of the dung beetle Copris ochus Motschulsky and on the foot pad of the gecko Gekko gecko and their relationship to anti-adherent and adherent functions respectively.There are very distinctive comparison between the structures and the constructs of the setae on the dung beetle and the gecko:the setae of the dung beetle are ramification of the integument,mainly distributing on the body abdomen surface and the lateral side of the legs,loosely arranging,having different length with many buds and sticks along the whole seta body but without side branches,uprightly directing to the contacting dung face.The setae of the gecko are protuberances from the skin,arranging in order and densely,regularly directing,branching in twice with curved top.The histological observation found that dung beetle’s setae are empty inside with lots micro-foramens communicating to the inner side on the base of the buds and sticks on the seta and also connecting with the oil glands below the integument,but without the erect muscle. Gecko setae are surrounded by fat cells and muscles.Results from functional experiments suggest that deformation of the setae of the bung beetle integument could reduce the anti-adherent function and also the same kind of change could reduce the adherent function of the gecko setae on the leg bottom.These results offer important information for preparation of the soil machine and components imitating dung beetle setae flexible non-adherence and for designing artificial setae imitating the gecko’s adherent setae.展开更多
The electroosmotic flow near an earthworm surface is simulated numerically to further understand the anti soil adhesion mechanism of earthworm. A lattice Poisson method is employed to solve electric potential and char...The electroosmotic flow near an earthworm surface is simulated numerically to further understand the anti soil adhesion mechanism of earthworm. A lattice Poisson method is employed to solve electric potential and charge .distributiorts in the electric double layer along the earthworm surface. The external electric field is obtained by solving a Laplace equation. The electroosmotic flow controlled by the Navier-Stokes equations with external body force is simulated by the lattice Boltzmann method. A benchmark test shows that accurate electric potential distributions can be obtained by the LPM. The simulation shows that the moving vortices, which probably contribute to anti soil adhesion, are formed near earthworm body surface by the nonuniform and variational electrical force.展开更多
Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation impose a heavy burden on the medical system. Bacterial adhesion on implant materials would induce inflammation and result in implant failure. The adhesion of bacteria on food-p...Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation impose a heavy burden on the medical system. Bacterial adhesion on implant materials would induce inflammation and result in implant failure. The adhesion of bacteria on food-processing and handling equipment may lead to food-borne illness. To reduce and even prevent bacterial adhesion, some bacterial anti-adhesion surface designs have been developed. However,the effect of some surface properties(including surface patterning, roughness and wettability) on bacterial adhesion has not been systematically summarized. In this review, a comprehensive overview of bacterial anti-adhesion surface design is presented. Modifying the surface pattern and roughness could reduce the contact area between bacteria and surfaces to weaken the initial adhesion force. Fabricating superhydrophobic surface or modifying hydrophilic functional groups could hinder the bacterial adhesion. The analysis and discussion about influencing factors of bacterial anti-adhesion surfaces provide basic guidelines on antibacterial surface design for future researches.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.50635030 and 59835200)the Chinese National Programs for Science and Technology Development (Grant No.2005BA429C)the Key Proliferation Project for Scientific and Technological Fruits of China (Grant No.2005EC000119)
文摘The theoretical studies of bionics of machinery have great scientific significance, and the development of bionic machines has large practical values in the field of engineering and technology. Through the rigorous selection process of evolution, the survived living organisms have successfully developed outstanding abilities to adapt to their surroundings and to reproduce their offspring. In this review,we interpreted the fundamental principles of anti-adhesion and anti-resistance of soil animals by reviewing the current status in this research field and summarizing the work of the research group at Jilin University of China in the past decades. The principles and technologies used in morphology bionics,electric-osmosis bionics,flexibility bionics,configuration bionics and coupling bionics were examined.Finally,the applications of the engineering bionics and their extensive prospects were introduced.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 50635030）；the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education （Grant No. 105059）.
文摘The micromorphologies of surfaces of several typical plant leaves were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Different non-smooth surface characteristics were described and classified. The hydrophobicity and anti-adhesion of non-smooth leaf surfaces were quantitatively measured. Results show that the morphology of epidermal cells and the morphology and distribution density of epicuticular wax directly affect the hydrophobicity and anti-adhesion. The surface with uniformly distributed convex units shows the best anti-adhesion, and the surface with regularly arranged trellis units displays better anti-adhesion. In contrast, the surface with randomly distributed hair units performs relatively bad anti-adheslon. The hydrophobic models of papilla-ciliary and fold-setal non-smooth surfaces were set up to determine the impacts of geometric parameters on the hydrophobicity. This study may provide an insight into surface machine molding and apparent morphology design for biomimetics engineering.
文摘Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and histological techniques were used to observe and study the structure of setae on the integument surface of the dung beetle Copris ochus Motschulsky and on the foot pad of the gecko Gekko gecko and their relationship to anti-adherent and adherent functions respectively.There are very distinctive comparison between the structures and the constructs of the setae on the dung beetle and the gecko:the setae of the dung beetle are ramification of the integument,mainly distributing on the body abdomen surface and the lateral side of the legs,loosely arranging,having different length with many buds and sticks along the whole seta body but without side branches,uprightly directing to the contacting dung face.The setae of the gecko are protuberances from the skin,arranging in order and densely,regularly directing,branching in twice with curved top.The histological observation found that dung beetle’s setae are empty inside with lots micro-foramens communicating to the inner side on the base of the buds and sticks on the seta and also connecting with the oil glands below the integument,but without the erect muscle. Gecko setae are surrounded by fat cells and muscles.Results from functional experiments suggest that deformation of the setae of the bung beetle integument could reduce the anti-adherent function and also the same kind of change could reduce the adherent function of the gecko setae on the leg bottom.These results offer important information for preparation of the soil machine and components imitating dung beetle setae flexible non-adherence and for designing artificial setae imitating the gecko’s adherent setae.
文摘The electroosmotic flow near an earthworm surface is simulated numerically to further understand the anti soil adhesion mechanism of earthworm. A lattice Poisson method is employed to solve electric potential and charge .distributiorts in the electric double layer along the earthworm surface. The external electric field is obtained by solving a Laplace equation. The electroosmotic flow controlled by the Navier-Stokes equations with external body force is simulated by the lattice Boltzmann method. A benchmark test shows that accurate electric potential distributions can be obtained by the LPM. The simulation shows that the moving vortices, which probably contribute to anti soil adhesion, are formed near earthworm body surface by the nonuniform and variational electrical force.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52003028)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-GF-20-06B)
文摘Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation impose a heavy burden on the medical system. Bacterial adhesion on implant materials would induce inflammation and result in implant failure. The adhesion of bacteria on food-processing and handling equipment may lead to food-borne illness. To reduce and even prevent bacterial adhesion, some bacterial anti-adhesion surface designs have been developed. However,the effect of some surface properties(including surface patterning, roughness and wettability) on bacterial adhesion has not been systematically summarized. In this review, a comprehensive overview of bacterial anti-adhesion surface design is presented. Modifying the surface pattern and roughness could reduce the contact area between bacteria and surfaces to weaken the initial adhesion force. Fabricating superhydrophobic surface or modifying hydrophilic functional groups could hinder the bacterial adhesion. The analysis and discussion about influencing factors of bacterial anti-adhesion surfaces provide basic guidelines on antibacterial surface design for future researches.
