动物养殖场是空气环境微生物污染的重要来源,然而目前关于养殖场空气中微生物污染特征的时间规律少有报道.针对以上情况,以蛋鸡场为例,采用16S r RNA基因扩增子测序分别对养殖场空气和粪便环境中细菌分布特点及呼吸暴露展开为期80余周...动物养殖场是空气环境微生物污染的重要来源,然而目前关于养殖场空气中微生物污染特征的时间规律少有报道.针对以上情况,以蛋鸡场为例,采用16S r RNA基因扩增子测序分别对养殖场空气和粪便环境中细菌分布特点及呼吸暴露展开为期80余周的研究.结果表明,空气和粪便样本中16S r RNA含量范围分别在6.08×10^(5)~4.90×10^(6)copies·m^(-3)和4.27×10^(8)~1.15×10^(10)copies·g^(-1)之间.空气中细菌浓度的平均值在冬季显著高于夏季,而生物多样性则呈现相反趋势.蛋鸡场空气与粪便中的优势细菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes).在所调查时间内,空气中前3个优势菌属的种类较为稳定,依次为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium),而粪便中优势菌属则随养殖时间的增加波动较大.空气和动物粪便中细菌和致病菌群落结构的相关性均不显著,但不同介质中两种目标微生物的含量均显著相关.粪便中细菌的气溶胶化指数随养殖时间的增加而呈上升趋势,而致病菌趋势相反.其中,瘤胃菌科torques属([Ruminococcus]_torques_group)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)为最易发生气溶胶化的前3个致病菌属.养鸡场工人的细菌呼吸暴露具有季节性差异,其中细菌和致病菌摄入量的平均值分别为2.54×10^(7)copies·d^(-1)和2.87×10^(5)copies·d^(-1).研究结果将为系统评估养殖场空气微生物的污染特征和潜在健康风险,对以及制定相应的职业暴露行业标准和防控措施提供科学依据.展开更多
Animal Farm succeeds in establishing George Orwell's position as a master in literature with its profound moral and hidden but killing sarcasms.And it has been translated into many languages around the world,arous...Animal Farm succeeds in establishing George Orwell's position as a master in literature with its profound moral and hidden but killing sarcasms.And it has been translated into many languages around the world,arousing heated response.So far,there are seventeen versions in China.However,the academic studies focus on the significance of its literary value and political aspects,paying little attention to the systemic study of its translations.The thesis chooses the versions of Rong Rude and Fu Weici and compares them from lexical,syntactical and discourse aspects.Through the comparative study,the author finds out that the two translators apply different translation strategies.Rong tends to adopt foreignization strategy,while Fu is inclined to apply domestication strategy.展开更多
Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a differe...Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a different point of view—to appreciate its black-humorous characteristics from the following five aspects—language games,detached narrative,circular structure,open ending and comic incongruity in characterization.展开更多
文摘动物养殖场是空气环境微生物污染的重要来源,然而目前关于养殖场空气中微生物污染特征的时间规律少有报道.针对以上情况,以蛋鸡场为例,采用16S r RNA基因扩增子测序分别对养殖场空气和粪便环境中细菌分布特点及呼吸暴露展开为期80余周的研究.结果表明,空气和粪便样本中16S r RNA含量范围分别在6.08×10^(5)~4.90×10^(6)copies·m^(-3)和4.27×10^(8)~1.15×10^(10)copies·g^(-1)之间.空气中细菌浓度的平均值在冬季显著高于夏季,而生物多样性则呈现相反趋势.蛋鸡场空气与粪便中的优势细菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes).在所调查时间内,空气中前3个优势菌属的种类较为稳定,依次为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium),而粪便中优势菌属则随养殖时间的增加波动较大.空气和动物粪便中细菌和致病菌群落结构的相关性均不显著,但不同介质中两种目标微生物的含量均显著相关.粪便中细菌的气溶胶化指数随养殖时间的增加而呈上升趋势,而致病菌趋势相反.其中,瘤胃菌科torques属([Ruminococcus]_torques_group)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)为最易发生气溶胶化的前3个致病菌属.养鸡场工人的细菌呼吸暴露具有季节性差异,其中细菌和致病菌摄入量的平均值分别为2.54×10^(7)copies·d^(-1)和2.87×10^(5)copies·d^(-1).研究结果将为系统评估养殖场空气微生物的污染特征和潜在健康风险,对以及制定相应的职业暴露行业标准和防控措施提供科学依据.
文摘Animal Farm succeeds in establishing George Orwell's position as a master in literature with its profound moral and hidden but killing sarcasms.And it has been translated into many languages around the world,arousing heated response.So far,there are seventeen versions in China.However,the academic studies focus on the significance of its literary value and political aspects,paying little attention to the systemic study of its translations.The thesis chooses the versions of Rong Rude and Fu Weici and compares them from lexical,syntactical and discourse aspects.Through the comparative study,the author finds out that the two translators apply different translation strategies.Rong tends to adopt foreignization strategy,while Fu is inclined to apply domestication strategy.
文摘Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a different point of view—to appreciate its black-humorous characteristics from the following five aspects—language games,detached narrative,circular structure,open ending and comic incongruity in characterization.
