π-Conjugated organic/polymer materials-based solar cells have attracted tremendous research interest in the fields of chemistry,physics,materials science,and energy science.To date,the best-performance polymer solar ...π-Conjugated organic/polymer materials-based solar cells have attracted tremendous research interest in the fields of chemistry,physics,materials science,and energy science.To date,the best-performance polymer solar cells(PSCs)have achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 18%,mostly driven by the molecular design and device structure optimization of the photovoltaic materials.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the key advances and current status in aggregated structure research of PSCs.Here,we start by providing a brief tutorial on the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers.The characteristic parameters at different length scales and the associated characterization techniques are overviewed.Subsequently,a variety of effective strategies to control the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers are discussed for polymer:fullerene solar cells and polymer:nonfullerene small molecule solar cells.Particularly,the control strategies for achieving record efficiencies in each type of PSCs are highlighted.More importantly,the in-depth structure-performance relationships are demonstrated with selected examples.Finally,future challenges and research prospects on understanding and optimizing the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers and their blends are provided.展开更多
All-polymer solar cells(All-PSCs)have attracted tremendous research interest in the recent decade due to the great potentials in stretchable electronic applications in terms of long-term stability and mechanical stret...All-polymer solar cells(All-PSCs)have attracted tremendous research interest in the recent decade due to the great potentials in stretchable electronic applications in terms of long-term stability and mechanical stretchability.Driven by the molecular design of novel polymer acceptors and morphology optimization,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of All-PSCs has developed rapidly and now exceeded 17%.This review outlines the promising strategies for high-performance All-PSCs from the aspect of morphology control with the motivation to rationally guide the optimization.In this review,we briefly discuss the thermodynamic mixing principles of all-polymer blends and the effects of the molecular structure of conjugated polymers on thin-film morphology in All-PSCs.The crucial role of molecular miscibility in influencing morphological features and performance metrics was highlighted.We also expound on the effective methods of controlling film morphology through properly tuning the aggregation behavior of polymers.In particular,insightful studies on the commonly used naphthalene diimide-based acceptor polymers and the newly emerging polymerized nonfullerene small molecule acceptors(ITIC-series,Y6-series,etc)are discussed in detail.Finally,we present an outlook on the major challenges and the new opportunities of All-PSCs for efficiency breakthroughs targeting 20%.展开更多
Biological soft tissues and hydrogels belong to the same category of soft and wet matter.Both of them are composed of polymer network and a certain amount of water,and permeable to small molecules.Biological tissues p...Biological soft tissues and hydrogels belong to the same category of soft and wet matter.Both of them are composed of polymer network and a certain amount of water,and permeable to small molecules.Biological tissues possess elaborated structures and exhibit outstanding functionalities.On the other hand,hydrogels are usually amorphous with poor functionality.In recent years,various hydrogels with robust functionalities have been developed by introducing aggregated structures into the gel networks,widely extend their applications in diverse fields,such as soft actuators,biological sensors,and structural biomaterials.Four strategies are usually used to fabricate aggregated structure into hydrogels,including molecular self-assembling,microphase separation,crystallization,and inorganic additives.Different aggregated structures entail the gel very different functionalities.A simple aggregated structure is able to bring multiple functionalities and a combination of mechanical performances of the hydrogels.In this review,we describe the strategies used to construct aggerated structure in hydrogels and discuss about the close relation between the aggregated structure and functionality.We also highlight the role of nonequilibrium aggregated structure in fabricating hydrogels with dynamic memorizing-forgetting behavior and point out the remaining challenges.展开更多
In this paper, a series of experiments, including atomic force microscope （AFM）, environmental scanning electron microscope （ESEM）, and core displacement tests were conducted to investigate the effect of polymer s...In this paper, a series of experiments, including atomic force microscope （AFM）, environmental scanning electron microscope （ESEM）, and core displacement tests were conducted to investigate the effect of polymer solution structure on solution properties and oil displacement efficiency. The results show that in the HPAM solution polymer coils were formed and then aggregated into a loose structure, while the HAP2010 solution formed a strong network structure, which would significantly improve the solution viscosity and flow resistance so as to upgrade the capacity of piston-like oil displacement in highly permeable porous media. Meanwhile, the retention of the HAP2010 solution at pore throats were also enhanced, which could reduce water production during subsequent water flooding and enlarge the swept volume during polymer flooding. Therefore, enhancing the interaction among polymer molecules is an effective way to improve the displacement efficiency of polymer solutions in heavy oil reservoirs with high permeability.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52073207National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705900MOST and the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2019B030302007。
文摘π-Conjugated organic/polymer materials-based solar cells have attracted tremendous research interest in the fields of chemistry,physics,materials science,and energy science.To date,the best-performance polymer solar cells(PSCs)have achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 18%,mostly driven by the molecular design and device structure optimization of the photovoltaic materials.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the key advances and current status in aggregated structure research of PSCs.Here,we start by providing a brief tutorial on the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers.The characteristic parameters at different length scales and the associated characterization techniques are overviewed.Subsequently,a variety of effective strategies to control the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers are discussed for polymer:fullerene solar cells and polymer:nonfullerene small molecule solar cells.Particularly,the control strategies for achieving record efficiencies in each type of PSCs are highlighted.More importantly,the in-depth structure-performance relationships are demonstrated with selected examples.Finally,future challenges and research prospects on understanding and optimizing the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers and their blends are provided.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52073207State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics,Grant/Award Number:SKLAO2021001A17Peiyang Scholar program from Tianjin University。
文摘All-polymer solar cells(All-PSCs)have attracted tremendous research interest in the recent decade due to the great potentials in stretchable electronic applications in terms of long-term stability and mechanical stretchability.Driven by the molecular design of novel polymer acceptors and morphology optimization,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of All-PSCs has developed rapidly and now exceeded 17%.This review outlines the promising strategies for high-performance All-PSCs from the aspect of morphology control with the motivation to rationally guide the optimization.In this review,we briefly discuss the thermodynamic mixing principles of all-polymer blends and the effects of the molecular structure of conjugated polymers on thin-film morphology in All-PSCs.The crucial role of molecular miscibility in influencing morphological features and performance metrics was highlighted.We also expound on the effective methods of controlling film morphology through properly tuning the aggregation behavior of polymers.In particular,insightful studies on the commonly used naphthalene diimide-based acceptor polymers and the newly emerging polymerized nonfullerene small molecule acceptors(ITIC-series,Y6-series,etc)are discussed in detail.Finally,we present an outlook on the major challenges and the new opportunities of All-PSCs for efficiency breakthroughs targeting 20%.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(Grant Nos.JP17H06144 and JP19K23617)the Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery(ICReDD)established by World Premier International Research Initiative(WPI),MEXT,Japan.
文摘Biological soft tissues and hydrogels belong to the same category of soft and wet matter.Both of them are composed of polymer network and a certain amount of water,and permeable to small molecules.Biological tissues possess elaborated structures and exhibit outstanding functionalities.On the other hand,hydrogels are usually amorphous with poor functionality.In recent years,various hydrogels with robust functionalities have been developed by introducing aggregated structures into the gel networks,widely extend their applications in diverse fields,such as soft actuators,biological sensors,and structural biomaterials.Four strategies are usually used to fabricate aggregated structure into hydrogels,including molecular self-assembling,microphase separation,crystallization,and inorganic additives.Different aggregated structures entail the gel very different functionalities.A simple aggregated structure is able to bring multiple functionalities and a combination of mechanical performances of the hydrogels.In this review,we describe the strategies used to construct aggerated structure in hydrogels and discuss about the close relation between the aggregated structure and functionality.We also highlight the role of nonequilibrium aggregated structure in fabricating hydrogels with dynamic memorizing-forgetting behavior and point out the remaining challenges.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (2011ZX05024-004)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program: 2007AA090701-3)
文摘In this paper, a series of experiments, including atomic force microscope （AFM）, environmental scanning electron microscope （ESEM）, and core displacement tests were conducted to investigate the effect of polymer solution structure on solution properties and oil displacement efficiency. The results show that in the HPAM solution polymer coils were formed and then aggregated into a loose structure, while the HAP2010 solution formed a strong network structure, which would significantly improve the solution viscosity and flow resistance so as to upgrade the capacity of piston-like oil displacement in highly permeable porous media. Meanwhile, the retention of the HAP2010 solution at pore throats were also enhanced, which could reduce water production during subsequent water flooding and enlarge the swept volume during polymer flooding. Therefore, enhancing the interaction among polymer molecules is an effective way to improve the displacement efficiency of polymer solutions in heavy oil reservoirs with high permeability.
