Background: The temperature preferences of cold-blooded animals are different for different groups of animals and are closely related to their evolutionary status and level of adaptive capabilities. The range of prefe...Background: The temperature preferences of cold-blooded animals are different for different groups of animals and are closely related to their evolutionary status and level of adaptive capabilities. The range of preferred temperatures for reptiles (28°C - 32°C) coincides with the zone of temperature-dependent increase in the rate of the M-cholinergic reaction in the brain, which was previously found in warm-blooded neurons. The growth of the M-cholinergic process contributes to the transition of adaptive behavior to a higher level. Of the cold-blooded, only reptiles actively use thermoregulatory behavior as a tool to achieve a temperature optimum. This paper is devoted to the study of the behavior of red-eared turtles aimed at reaching the range of preferred temperatures. Temperature conditions necessary for the survival of different groups of cold-blooded animals are compared and the reason for temperature preferences is discussed. Methods: The behavior of turtles was studied under conditions of variable solar radiation and in a 3-section terrarium with gradual temperature ranges: 23°C - 24°C;28°C - 31°C and 45°C - 50°C. Results: It was found that prolonged (up to 1.5 hours) heating at a temperature of 45°C - 50°C was the best way to achieve the preferred temperatures. This method of heating results in increasing the temperature of the shell to an average of 37°C, followed by a very slow decrease during 4 - 6 hours within the limits that closely coincided with the preferred level. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate that the main function of the turtle shell is to accumulate heat and keep it for a long time in a variable climate. The preferred temperature achieved in this case is necessary for the temperature-dependent transition of the rate of the M-cholinergic reaction in the brain to a higher level, which creates more significant adaptive capabilities. The temperature range of the M-cholinergic process has two inflection points at 27°C - 29°C and 34°C - 36°C. In accordance with these v展开更多
With the emerging migration of automotive and other distributed control platforms from federated to integrated architectures, the need for optimal utilization of ECU （electronic control unit） bandwidth will become a...With the emerging migration of automotive and other distributed control platforms from federated to integrated architectures, the need for optimal utilization of ECU （electronic control unit） bandwidth will become a key requirement in the implementation of embedded control features. This paper advocates the partitioning of the operating space of the plant and the use of minimal sampling rates in each partition without compromising the overall quality of control. At the heart of the proposed methodology are our algorithms that enable the choice of the partitions and the sampling rate for each partition. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methods on two case studies, namely an anti-lock braking system and a lane departure warning system. We also study the use of a supervisory controller that controls the switching among sampling rates for a combination of the two features.展开更多
文摘Background: The temperature preferences of cold-blooded animals are different for different groups of animals and are closely related to their evolutionary status and level of adaptive capabilities. The range of preferred temperatures for reptiles (28°C - 32°C) coincides with the zone of temperature-dependent increase in the rate of the M-cholinergic reaction in the brain, which was previously found in warm-blooded neurons. The growth of the M-cholinergic process contributes to the transition of adaptive behavior to a higher level. Of the cold-blooded, only reptiles actively use thermoregulatory behavior as a tool to achieve a temperature optimum. This paper is devoted to the study of the behavior of red-eared turtles aimed at reaching the range of preferred temperatures. Temperature conditions necessary for the survival of different groups of cold-blooded animals are compared and the reason for temperature preferences is discussed. Methods: The behavior of turtles was studied under conditions of variable solar radiation and in a 3-section terrarium with gradual temperature ranges: 23°C - 24°C;28°C - 31°C and 45°C - 50°C. Results: It was found that prolonged (up to 1.5 hours) heating at a temperature of 45°C - 50°C was the best way to achieve the preferred temperatures. This method of heating results in increasing the temperature of the shell to an average of 37°C, followed by a very slow decrease during 4 - 6 hours within the limits that closely coincided with the preferred level. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate that the main function of the turtle shell is to accumulate heat and keep it for a long time in a variable climate. The preferred temperature achieved in this case is necessary for the temperature-dependent transition of the rate of the M-cholinergic reaction in the brain to a higher level, which creates more significant adaptive capabilities. The temperature range of the M-cholinergic process has two inflection points at 27°C - 29°C and 34°C - 36°C. In accordance with these v
文摘With the emerging migration of automotive and other distributed control platforms from federated to integrated architectures, the need for optimal utilization of ECU （electronic control unit） bandwidth will become a key requirement in the implementation of embedded control features. This paper advocates the partitioning of the operating space of the plant and the use of minimal sampling rates in each partition without compromising the overall quality of control. At the heart of the proposed methodology are our algorithms that enable the choice of the partitions and the sampling rate for each partition. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methods on two case studies, namely an anti-lock braking system and a lane departure warning system. We also study the use of a supervisory controller that controls the switching among sampling rates for a combination of the two features.
