Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an unavoidable relevant consequence after kidney transplantation and influences short term as well as long-term graft outcome. Clinically ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with d...Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an unavoidable relevant consequence after kidney transplantation and influences short term as well as long-term graft outcome. Clinically ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with delayed graft function, graft rejection, chronic rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. Ischemia/reperfusion affects many regulatory systems at the cellular level as well as in the renal tissue that result in a distinct inflammatory reaction of the kidney graft. Underlying factors of ischemia reperfusion include energy metabolism, cellular changes of the mitochondria and cellular membranes, initiation of different forms of cell death-like apoptosis and necrosis together with a recently discovered mixed form termed necroptosis. Chemokines and cytokines together with other factors promote the inflammatory response leading to activation of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune system. If the inflammatory reaction continues within the graft tissue, a progressive interstitial fibrosis develops that impacts long-term graft outcome. It is of particular importance in kidney transplantation to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of ischemia/reperfusion on the graft as this knowledge also opens strategies to prevent or treat ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation in order to improve graft outcome.展开更多
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide.However,epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking.The objectives of ...Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide.However,epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking.The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria,assess the association with hospital mortality,and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.Methods This prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across China's Mainland.We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n=1623),younger than 18 years (n=127),receiving chronic hemodialysis (n=29),receiving renal transplantation (n=1) and unknown reasons (n=28).There were 1255 patients in the final analysis.AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.Results There were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI,with RIFLE maximum class R,I,and F in 126 (10.0%),91 (7.3%),and 179 (14.3%) patients,respectively.Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%).In comparison with non AKI patients,patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564,95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706-7.443,P =0.001],while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215,95% CI 2.798-9.719,P <0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316,95% CI 7.507-23.622,P <0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class.The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group,3.401 for the injury group,and 5.306 for the failure group.Conclusions The prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs.In comparison with non-AKI patients,patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F.The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.展开更多
目的:观察连续肾替代治疗(CRRT)加用不同剂量血必净对脓毒症合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的影响及安全性。方法:选取2012年6月-2015年8月我院ICU的脓毒症合并AKI患者104例。按照随机数字表法将其分为小、中、大剂量组和对照组,各26例。4组...目的:观察连续肾替代治疗(CRRT)加用不同剂量血必净对脓毒症合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的影响及安全性。方法:选取2012年6月-2015年8月我院ICU的脓毒症合并AKI患者104例。按照随机数字表法将其分为小、中、大剂量组和对照组,各26例。4组患者均给予基础治疗;小剂量组患者给予血必净注射液50 m L加入0.9%氯化钠注射液(NS)100 m L中,ivgtt,bid;中剂量组患者给予血必净注射液100 m L加入NS 100 m L中,ivgtt,bid;大剂量组患者给予血必净注射液100 m L加入NS 100 m L中,ivgtt,qid。4组患者均治疗1周。观察4组患者治疗前后血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等炎症因子水平,血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)和胱抑素(Cys C)等肾功能指标水平,凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原(Fib)等凝血功能指标水平,急性生理与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、多器官功能障碍评分系统(Marshall)评分,并记录治疗过程中不良反应发生情况。结果:脱落9例后,本研究最终纳入统计的合格病例数95例,小、中、大剂量组和对照组分别为23、24、25、23例。治疗前,4组患者上述指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,4组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、PT、APTT水平和APACEⅡ及Marshall评分均明显降低/缩短,血清BUN、SCr、Cys C、Fib水平均明显升高,小、中、大剂量组患者上述指标改善均明显优于对照组,大剂量组明显优于小、中剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CRRT加用大剂量血必净可显著抑制脓毒症合并AKI患者的炎症反应,改善肾功能和凝血功能,且不增加不良反应发生风险。展开更多
文摘Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an unavoidable relevant consequence after kidney transplantation and influences short term as well as long-term graft outcome. Clinically ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with delayed graft function, graft rejection, chronic rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. Ischemia/reperfusion affects many regulatory systems at the cellular level as well as in the renal tissue that result in a distinct inflammatory reaction of the kidney graft. Underlying factors of ischemia reperfusion include energy metabolism, cellular changes of the mitochondria and cellular membranes, initiation of different forms of cell death-like apoptosis and necrosis together with a recently discovered mixed form termed necroptosis. Chemokines and cytokines together with other factors promote the inflammatory response leading to activation of the innate immune system as well as the adaptive immune system. If the inflammatory reaction continues within the graft tissue, a progressive interstitial fibrosis develops that impacts long-term graft outcome. It is of particular importance in kidney transplantation to understand the underlying mechanisms and effects of ischemia/reperfusion on the graft as this knowledge also opens strategies to prevent or treat ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation in order to improve graft outcome.
文摘Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been recognized as a major healthcare problem affecting millions of patients worldwide.However,epidemiologic data concerning AKI in China are still lacking.The objectives of this study were to characterize AKI defined by RIFLE criteria,assess the association with hospital mortality,and evaluate the impact of AKI in the context of other risk factors.Methods This prospective multicenter observational study enrolled 3,063 consecutive patients from 1 July 2009 to 31 August 2009 in 22 ICUs across China's Mainland.We excluded patients who were admitted for less than 24 hours (n=1623),younger than 18 years (n=127),receiving chronic hemodialysis (n=29),receiving renal transplantation (n=1) and unknown reasons (n=28).There were 1255 patients in the final analysis.AKI was diagnosed and classified according to RIFLE criteria.Results There were 396 patients (31.6%) who had AKI,with RIFLE maximum class R,I,and F in 126 (10.0%),91 (7.3%),and 179 (14.3%) patients,respectively.Renal function deteriorated in 206 patients (16.4%).In comparison with non AKI patients,patients in the risk class on ICU admission were more likely to progress to the injury class (odds ratio (OR) 3.564,95% confidence interval (CI) 1.706-7.443,P =0.001],while patients in the risk class (OR 5.215,95% CI 2.798-9.719,P <0.001) and injury class (OR 13.316,95% CI 7.507-23.622,P <0.001) had a significantly higher probability of deteriorating into failure class.The adjusted hazard ratios for 90-day mortality were 1.884 for the risk group,3.401 for the injury group,and 5.306 for the failure group.Conclusions The prevalence of AKI was high among critically ill patients in Chinese ICUs.In comparison with non-AKI patients,patients with RIFLE class R or class I on ICU admission were more susceptibility to progression to class I or class F.The RIFLE criteria were robust and correlated well with clinical deterioration and mortality.
文摘目的:观察连续肾替代治疗(CRRT)加用不同剂量血必净对脓毒症合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的影响及安全性。方法:选取2012年6月-2015年8月我院ICU的脓毒症合并AKI患者104例。按照随机数字表法将其分为小、中、大剂量组和对照组,各26例。4组患者均给予基础治疗;小剂量组患者给予血必净注射液50 m L加入0.9%氯化钠注射液(NS)100 m L中,ivgtt,bid;中剂量组患者给予血必净注射液100 m L加入NS 100 m L中,ivgtt,bid;大剂量组患者给予血必净注射液100 m L加入NS 100 m L中,ivgtt,qid。4组患者均治疗1周。观察4组患者治疗前后血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等炎症因子水平,血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)和胱抑素(Cys C)等肾功能指标水平,凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原(Fib)等凝血功能指标水平,急性生理与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、多器官功能障碍评分系统(Marshall)评分,并记录治疗过程中不良反应发生情况。结果:脱落9例后,本研究最终纳入统计的合格病例数95例,小、中、大剂量组和对照组分别为23、24、25、23例。治疗前,4组患者上述指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,4组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、PT、APTT水平和APACEⅡ及Marshall评分均明显降低/缩短,血清BUN、SCr、Cys C、Fib水平均明显升高,小、中、大剂量组患者上述指标改善均明显优于对照组,大剂量组明显优于小、中剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CRRT加用大剂量血必净可显著抑制脓毒症合并AKI患者的炎症反应,改善肾功能和凝血功能,且不增加不良反应发生风险。