目的:评价乳酸菌素治疗小儿急性腹泻的作用。方法:通过计算机检索CENTRAL(theCochrane central register of controlledtrials)、Medline、EMBASE、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库系统(CBM)、万方数据库等,收集国内...目的:评价乳酸菌素治疗小儿急性腹泻的作用。方法:通过计算机检索CENTRAL(theCochrane central register of controlledtrials)、Medline、EMBASE、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库系统(CBM)、万方数据库等,收集国内外发表的涉及乳酸菌素治疗小儿急性腹泻的随机对照研究(RCT)。研究人群为急性腹泻患儿;干预措施为口服乳酸菌素;对照组为安慰剂;结局指标为腹泻持续时间,并以标准化均数差(sandard mean differece,SMD)及相应的95%置信区间作为效应指标对结局进行比较。Q统计量的I2检验来检测各研究间的统计学异质性。双侧P<0.05认为各研究间存在明显的异质性。采用Egger检验对发表偏倚进行量化检测。应用统计软件Stata11.0进行数据分析。结果:纳入分析的文章有7篇,共945例患者,其中乳酸菌素组479例,对照组466例。Meta分析结果显示接受乳酸菌素治疗的患儿腹泻持续时间平均缩短1.24 d[SMD=-1.24,95%CI=(-2.21,-0.28),Z=2.54,P=0.01]。结论:乳酸菌素治疗小儿急性腹泻有一定临床疗效。展开更多
Aim: As the primary aim of this study, we analysed whether the quality of advice provided by pharmacies in the period between 2014 (baseline study) and 2017 (follow-up study) could actually be increased using a single...Aim: As the primary aim of this study, we analysed whether the quality of advice provided by pharmacies in the period between 2014 (baseline study) and 2017 (follow-up study) could actually be increased using a single written performance feedback given to each pharmacy in 2014. The secondary aim of the follow-up examination was to analyse whether the quality of advice differed depending on the professional group providing the advice. Methodology: To ensure the least possible distortion in the comparison between the baseline and the follow-up studies, the study design used for the follow-up examination in 2017 was not changed compared to the baseline examination in 2014. The data for the follow-up examination were therefore collected using the simulated patient method in all 21 pharmacies in a city in the north-east of Germany. Three female and two male test buyers used four different scenarios for self-medication of acute diarrhoea in all of the pharmacies (a total of 84 test purchases). Results: There were significant differences between the overall results from the baseline study (2014) and the follow-up study (2017) (Wilcoxon signed rank test;z = –2.065, p = 0.039, r = 0.225). In the overall average, the pharmacies in 2017 achieved only 2.7 (30%) of 9 possible points whereas in 2014 they achieved 3.3 (37%). The quality of advice between the professional groups did not show any significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis test: χ2(2) = 1.946;p = 0.378, r = 0.027). Conclusions: The quality of advice for acute diarrhoea in adults declined over time. A written performance feedback intended to improve the quality proved ineffective. Interventions with a far greater impact are required to achieve an improvement in the quality of advice provided.展开更多
文摘目的:评价乳酸菌素治疗小儿急性腹泻的作用。方法:通过计算机检索CENTRAL(theCochrane central register of controlledtrials)、Medline、EMBASE、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库系统(CBM)、万方数据库等,收集国内外发表的涉及乳酸菌素治疗小儿急性腹泻的随机对照研究(RCT)。研究人群为急性腹泻患儿;干预措施为口服乳酸菌素;对照组为安慰剂;结局指标为腹泻持续时间,并以标准化均数差(sandard mean differece,SMD)及相应的95%置信区间作为效应指标对结局进行比较。Q统计量的I2检验来检测各研究间的统计学异质性。双侧P<0.05认为各研究间存在明显的异质性。采用Egger检验对发表偏倚进行量化检测。应用统计软件Stata11.0进行数据分析。结果:纳入分析的文章有7篇,共945例患者,其中乳酸菌素组479例,对照组466例。Meta分析结果显示接受乳酸菌素治疗的患儿腹泻持续时间平均缩短1.24 d[SMD=-1.24,95%CI=(-2.21,-0.28),Z=2.54,P=0.01]。结论:乳酸菌素治疗小儿急性腹泻有一定临床疗效。
文摘Aim: As the primary aim of this study, we analysed whether the quality of advice provided by pharmacies in the period between 2014 (baseline study) and 2017 (follow-up study) could actually be increased using a single written performance feedback given to each pharmacy in 2014. The secondary aim of the follow-up examination was to analyse whether the quality of advice differed depending on the professional group providing the advice. Methodology: To ensure the least possible distortion in the comparison between the baseline and the follow-up studies, the study design used for the follow-up examination in 2017 was not changed compared to the baseline examination in 2014. The data for the follow-up examination were therefore collected using the simulated patient method in all 21 pharmacies in a city in the north-east of Germany. Three female and two male test buyers used four different scenarios for self-medication of acute diarrhoea in all of the pharmacies (a total of 84 test purchases). Results: There were significant differences between the overall results from the baseline study (2014) and the follow-up study (2017) (Wilcoxon signed rank test;z = –2.065, p = 0.039, r = 0.225). In the overall average, the pharmacies in 2017 achieved only 2.7 (30%) of 9 possible points whereas in 2014 they achieved 3.3 (37%). The quality of advice between the professional groups did not show any significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis test: χ2(2) = 1.946;p = 0.378, r = 0.027). Conclusions: The quality of advice for acute diarrhoea in adults declined over time. A written performance feedback intended to improve the quality proved ineffective. Interventions with a far greater impact are required to achieve an improvement in the quality of advice provided.
