A new triterpenoid saponin.3 β-O-{ β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1—4）-[ β-D-glucopyranosyl-[1-2）]- α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16α, 28-dihydroxyolean-12-en-30-oic acid 30-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl ester（ardisicrenoside N.1）,t...A new triterpenoid saponin.3 β-O-{ β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1—4）-[ β-D-glucopyranosyl-[1-2）]- α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16α, 28-dihydroxyolean-12-en-30-oic acid 30-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl ester（ardisicrenoside N.1）,together with two known saponins, ardisicrenoside C（2） and D（3）,were isolated from the roots of Ardisia crenata Sim.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences.Saponins 1 showed cytotoxicity against MCI-7 and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines at 11.0μmol/L and 22.1μmol/L in vitro.展开更多
Two new triterpenoid saponins,ardisicrenoside R and S(1 and 2),and one new phenylpropanoid glycoside,ardicrephenin(3),along with five known compounds(4-8),were isolated from roots of Ardisia crenata.Their structures w...Two new triterpenoid saponins,ardisicrenoside R and S(1 and 2),and one new phenylpropanoid glycoside,ardicrephenin(3),along with five known compounds(4-8),were isolated from roots of Ardisia crenata.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data and chemical methods.Compounds 2-7 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against A549,MCF-7,HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines by MTT assay.Ardicrenin(6)showed significant cytotoxicity,with IC50 values of 1.17±0.01,1.19±0.06,3.52±0.23,and 16.61±1.02μmol·L^(-1),respectively.展开更多
Plants overcome environmental stress by generating metabolic pathways.Thus,it is crucial to understand the physiological mechanisms of plant responses to changing environments.Ardisia crenata var.bicolor has an import...Plants overcome environmental stress by generating metabolic pathways.Thus,it is crucial to understand the physiological mechanisms of plant responses to changing environments.Ardisia crenata var.bicolor has an important ornamental and medicinal value.To reveal the impact of elevational gradient on the habitat soil and plant physiological attributes of this species,we collected root topsoil(0–20 cm)and subsoil(20–40 cm)samples and upper leaves at the initial blooming phase,in a survey of six elevations at 1,257 m,1,538 m,1,744 m,1,970 m,2,135 m,and 2,376 m,with 18 block plots,and 5sampling points at each site.Temperature decreases with an increase in elevation,and soil variables,and enzymatic activities fluctuated in both the topsoil and subsoil,with all of them increasing with elevation and decreasing with soil depth.Redundancy analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between the distribution of A.crenata var.bicolor along the elevational gradient and soil nutrients and enzyme activities,the soil properties were mainly affected by p H at low elevations,and governed by total phosphorus(TP)and available nitrogen(AN)at high elevations.The levels of chlorophyll,carbohydrates,and enzymatic activity except for anthocyanin in this species showed significant variation depending on physiological attributes evaluated at the different collection elevations.The decline in chlorophyll a and b may be associated with the adaptive response to avoid environmental stress,while its higher soluble sugar and protein contents play important roles in escaping adverse climatic conditions,and the increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes except peroxidase(POD)reflect this species’higher capacity for reactive oxygen scavenging(ROS)at high elevations.This study provides supporting evidence that elevation significantly affects the physiological attributes of A.crenata var.bicolor on Gaoligong Mountain,which is helpful for understanding plant adaptation strategies and the plasticity of plant physiological traits along th展开更多
Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe ...Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe yield reduction of many important crops. There are only very few herbicides which are able to selectively control broomrapes and different approaches have been put forward to develop natural product based pesticides to control Orobanche. Several phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their use as potential mycoherbicide and for ability to produce toxic metabolites which could be applied as herbicides. Using the alternative approach ＂suicidal germination＂, interesting results were obtained by testing two microbial metabolites （fusicoccins and ophiobolin A） especially with Orobanche species whose germination is not induced by the synthetic strigolactone GR24. From pea root exudates, peagol and peagoldione, close related to strigolactones, and three polyphenols, named peapolyphenols A-C, together with already well known polyphenol and a chalcone, were isolated. They showed a selective stimulation of Orobanche seed germination with the last two and peapolyphenol A showing a specific stimulatory activity on O. foetida. This review describes the most recent results achieved on Orobanche bio-control, mainly focusing on those regarding O. ramosa, O. crenata and O. foetida.展开更多
Aims The dispersal of pollen and seeds is spatially restricted and may vary among plant populations because of varying biotic interactions,population histories or abiotic conditions.Because gene dispersal is spatially...Aims The dispersal of pollen and seeds is spatially restricted and may vary among plant populations because of varying biotic interactions,population histories or abiotic conditions.Because gene dispersal is spatially restricted,it will eventually result in the development of spatial genetic structure(SGS),which in turn can allow insights into gene dispersal processes.Here,we assessed the effect of habitat characteristics like population density and community structure on small-scale SGS and estimate historical gene dispersal at different spatial scales.Methods In a set of 12 populations of the subtropical understory shrub Ardisia crenata,we assessed genetic variation at 7 microsatellite loci within and among populations.We investigated small-scale genetic structure with spatial genetic autocorrelation statistics and heterogeneity tests and estimated gene dispersal distances based on population differentiation and on within-population SGS.SGS was related to habitat characteristics by multiple regression.Important Findings The populations showed high genetic diversity(He=0.64)within populations and rather strong genetic differentiation(F#ST=0.208)among populations,following an isolation-by-distance pattern,which suggests that populations are in gene flow–drift equilibrium.Significant SGS was present within populations(mean Sp=0.027).Population density and species diversity had a joint effect on SGS with low population density and high species diversity leading to stronger small-scale SGS.Estimates of historical gene dispersal from between-population differentiation and from within-population SGS resulted in similar values between 4.8 and 22.9 m.The results indicate that local-ranged pollen dispersal and inefficient long-distance seed dispersal,both affected by population density and species diversity,contributed to the genetic population structure of the species.We suggest that SGS in shrubs is more similar to that of herbs than to trees and that in communities with high species diversity gene flow is more restr展开更多
Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure ce...Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure cell viability.Nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using Griess reagent.Western blotting and RT-PCR assays were carried out for analyzing the protein and gene expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators,respectively.Moreover,PD98059(ERK1/2 inhibitor),SB203580(p38 inhibitor),SP600125(JNK inhibitor),and BAY11-7082(NF-κB inhibitor)were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Rhamnus crenata leaf extract.Results:Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO,iNOS,COX-2,IL-1β,and TNF-αin lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts also suppressed LPS-induced degradation of IκB-αand nuclear accumulation of p65,which resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells.Additionally,the extracts attenuated the phosphorylation of p38,ERK1/2,and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Moreover,HO-1 expression induced by Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts was significantly downregulated by SB230580,PD98059,SP600125 and BAY11-7082.Conclusions:Rhamnus crenata leaf extract may upregulate HO-1 expression through inhibition of p38,ERK1/2,and NF-κB activation,which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.展开更多
以改进的CTAB高盐法提取油茶嫩叶总DNA,进行简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)分析,分别测试了退火温度、模板DNA浓度、M g2+浓度、dNTP s浓度、T aqDNA聚合酶用量和是否加入去离子甲酰胺对反应结果的影响.油茶ISSR分析的最适反应体系为:在20μL...以改进的CTAB高盐法提取油茶嫩叶总DNA,进行简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)分析,分别测试了退火温度、模板DNA浓度、M g2+浓度、dNTP s浓度、T aqDNA聚合酶用量和是否加入去离子甲酰胺对反应结果的影响.油茶ISSR分析的最适反应体系为:在20μL PCR反应体积中,含20 ng模板DNA,2.5 mm o l.L-1M gC l2,0.2 mm o l.L-1dNTP s,1UT aqDNA聚合酶,0.5pm o l.μL-1引物,1%去离子甲基酰胺.扩增程序为:94℃预变性2 m in;94℃变性30 s,52℃退火30 s,72℃延伸90 s,反应38个循环;最后在72℃延伸7 m in.展开更多
文摘A new triterpenoid saponin.3 β-O-{ β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1—4）-[ β-D-glucopyranosyl-[1-2）]- α-L-arabinopyranosyl}-16α, 28-dihydroxyolean-12-en-30-oic acid 30-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl ester（ardisicrenoside N.1）,together with two known saponins, ardisicrenoside C（2） and D（3）,were isolated from the roots of Ardisia crenata Sim.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences.Saponins 1 showed cytotoxicity against MCI-7 and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines at 11.0μmol/L and 22.1μmol/L in vitro.
文摘Two new triterpenoid saponins,ardisicrenoside R and S(1 and 2),and one new phenylpropanoid glycoside,ardicrephenin(3),along with five known compounds(4-8),were isolated from roots of Ardisia crenata.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data and chemical methods.Compounds 2-7 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against A549,MCF-7,HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines by MTT assay.Ardicrenin(6)showed significant cytotoxicity,with IC50 values of 1.17±0.01,1.19±0.06,3.52±0.23,and 16.61±1.02μmol·L^(-1),respectively.
基金supported by the Doctoral Research Fund Project of Southwest Forestry University(CN)(Grant No.111806)。
文摘Plants overcome environmental stress by generating metabolic pathways.Thus,it is crucial to understand the physiological mechanisms of plant responses to changing environments.Ardisia crenata var.bicolor has an important ornamental and medicinal value.To reveal the impact of elevational gradient on the habitat soil and plant physiological attributes of this species,we collected root topsoil(0–20 cm)and subsoil(20–40 cm)samples and upper leaves at the initial blooming phase,in a survey of six elevations at 1,257 m,1,538 m,1,744 m,1,970 m,2,135 m,and 2,376 m,with 18 block plots,and 5sampling points at each site.Temperature decreases with an increase in elevation,and soil variables,and enzymatic activities fluctuated in both the topsoil and subsoil,with all of them increasing with elevation and decreasing with soil depth.Redundancy analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between the distribution of A.crenata var.bicolor along the elevational gradient and soil nutrients and enzyme activities,the soil properties were mainly affected by p H at low elevations,and governed by total phosphorus(TP)and available nitrogen(AN)at high elevations.The levels of chlorophyll,carbohydrates,and enzymatic activity except for anthocyanin in this species showed significant variation depending on physiological attributes evaluated at the different collection elevations.The decline in chlorophyll a and b may be associated with the adaptive response to avoid environmental stress,while its higher soluble sugar and protein contents play important roles in escaping adverse climatic conditions,and the increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes except peroxidase(POD)reflect this species’higher capacity for reactive oxygen scavenging(ROS)at high elevations.This study provides supporting evidence that elevation significantly affects the physiological attributes of A.crenata var.bicolor on Gaoligong Mountain,which is helpful for understanding plant adaptation strategies and the plasticity of plant physiological traits along th
文摘Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe yield reduction of many important crops. There are only very few herbicides which are able to selectively control broomrapes and different approaches have been put forward to develop natural product based pesticides to control Orobanche. Several phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their use as potential mycoherbicide and for ability to produce toxic metabolites which could be applied as herbicides. Using the alternative approach ＂suicidal germination＂, interesting results were obtained by testing two microbial metabolites （fusicoccins and ophiobolin A） especially with Orobanche species whose germination is not induced by the synthetic strigolactone GR24. From pea root exudates, peagol and peagoldione, close related to strigolactones, and three polyphenols, named peapolyphenols A-C, together with already well known polyphenol and a chalcone, were isolated. They showed a selective stimulation of Orobanche seed germination with the last two and peapolyphenol A showing a specific stimulatory activity on O. foetida. This review describes the most recent results achieved on Orobanche bio-control, mainly focusing on those regarding O. ramosa, O. crenata and O. foetida.
基金German Science Foundation(DFG FOR 891/1Du 404/3 to W.D.)is highly acknowledged.
文摘Aims The dispersal of pollen and seeds is spatially restricted and may vary among plant populations because of varying biotic interactions,population histories or abiotic conditions.Because gene dispersal is spatially restricted,it will eventually result in the development of spatial genetic structure(SGS),which in turn can allow insights into gene dispersal processes.Here,we assessed the effect of habitat characteristics like population density and community structure on small-scale SGS and estimate historical gene dispersal at different spatial scales.Methods In a set of 12 populations of the subtropical understory shrub Ardisia crenata,we assessed genetic variation at 7 microsatellite loci within and among populations.We investigated small-scale genetic structure with spatial genetic autocorrelation statistics and heterogeneity tests and estimated gene dispersal distances based on population differentiation and on within-population SGS.SGS was related to habitat characteristics by multiple regression.Important Findings The populations showed high genetic diversity(He=0.64)within populations and rather strong genetic differentiation(F#ST=0.208)among populations,following an isolation-by-distance pattern,which suggests that populations are in gene flow–drift equilibrium.Significant SGS was present within populations(mean Sp=0.027).Population density and species diversity had a joint effect on SGS with low population density and high species diversity leading to stronger small-scale SGS.Estimates of historical gene dispersal from between-population differentiation and from within-population SGS resulted in similar values between 4.8 and 22.9 m.The results indicate that local-ranged pollen dispersal and inefficient long-distance seed dispersal,both affected by population density and species diversity,contributed to the genetic population structure of the species.We suggest that SGS in shrubs is more similar to that of herbs than to trees and that in communities with high species diversity gene flow is more restr
基金supported by the research project of the National Institute of Forest Science(project No.FP0400-2019-01-2022).
文摘Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure cell viability.Nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using Griess reagent.Western blotting and RT-PCR assays were carried out for analyzing the protein and gene expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators,respectively.Moreover,PD98059(ERK1/2 inhibitor),SB203580(p38 inhibitor),SP600125(JNK inhibitor),and BAY11-7082(NF-κB inhibitor)were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Rhamnus crenata leaf extract.Results:Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO,iNOS,COX-2,IL-1β,and TNF-αin lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts also suppressed LPS-induced degradation of IκB-αand nuclear accumulation of p65,which resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells.Additionally,the extracts attenuated the phosphorylation of p38,ERK1/2,and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Moreover,HO-1 expression induced by Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts was significantly downregulated by SB230580,PD98059,SP600125 and BAY11-7082.Conclusions:Rhamnus crenata leaf extract may upregulate HO-1 expression through inhibition of p38,ERK1/2,and NF-κB activation,which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
文摘以改进的CTAB高盐法提取油茶嫩叶总DNA,进行简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)分析,分别测试了退火温度、模板DNA浓度、M g2+浓度、dNTP s浓度、T aqDNA聚合酶用量和是否加入去离子甲酰胺对反应结果的影响.油茶ISSR分析的最适反应体系为:在20μL PCR反应体积中,含20 ng模板DNA,2.5 mm o l.L-1M gC l2,0.2 mm o l.L-1dNTP s,1UT aqDNA聚合酶,0.5pm o l.μL-1引物,1%去离子甲基酰胺.扩增程序为:94℃预变性2 m in;94℃变性30 s,52℃退火30 s,72℃延伸90 s,反应38个循环;最后在72℃延伸7 m in.
