Inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling complexes that trigger the activation of inflammatory caspases and the maturation of interleukin-1β. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is best char...Inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling complexes that trigger the activation of inflammatory caspases and the maturation of interleukin-1β. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is best characterized and has been linked with various human autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the cytosol. We also describe the binding partners of NLRP3 inftammasome complexes activating or inhibiting the inflammasome assembly. Our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and how these influence inflammatory responses offers further insight into potential therapeutic strategies to treat inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,展开更多
The NOD-,LRR-,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in the release of mature interleukin-1βand triggering of pyroptosis,which is of paramount importance in a vari...The NOD-,LRR-,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in the release of mature interleukin-1βand triggering of pyroptosis,which is of paramount importance in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions.Over the past decade,considerable advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the priming/licensing(Signal 1)and assembly(Signal 2)involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Recently,a number of studies have indicated that the priming/licensing step is regulated by complicated mechanisms at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels.In this review,we discuss the current understanding of the mechanistic details of NLRP3 inflammasome activation with a particular emphasis on protein-protein interactions,posttranslational modifications,and spatiotemporal regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery.We also present a detailed summary of multiple positive and/or negative regulatory pathways providing upstream signals that culminate in NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation will provide opportunities for the development of methods for the prevention and treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.展开更多
近年来,康复机器人技术的研究已成为康复医学工程与机器人领域跨学科的研究热点。为提高康复训练机器人的交互能力,将虚拟现实技术、机器人技术相结合,研究基于虚拟场景交互的下肢康复训练机器人系统,使用Kinect传感器采集人体的骨骼信...近年来,康复机器人技术的研究已成为康复医学工程与机器人领域跨学科的研究热点。为提高康复训练机器人的交互能力,将虚拟现实技术、机器人技术相结合,研究基于虚拟场景交互的下肢康复训练机器人系统,使用Kinect传感器采集人体的骨骼信息,并运用Unity3D游戏引擎和3D Studio Max软件开发了用于情景交互的虚拟场景,设计了患者与虚拟人物步态同步控制算法,实现了康复训练过程中的同步交互。实验结果表明,同步步态控制算法有效,人机交互良好,可帮助并激励中风患者实现主动的康复训练。展开更多
The quantitative analysis shows that no theoretical model for 3-d magnetoelastic bodies, in literatures to date, can commonly simulate two kinds of distinct experimental phenomena on magnetoelastic interaction of ferr...The quantitative analysis shows that no theoretical model for 3-d magnetoelastic bodies, in literatures to date, can commonly simulate two kinds of distinct experimental phenomena on magnetoelastic interaction of ferromagnetic structures. This makes it difficult to effectively discribe the magnetoelastic mechanical behavior of structures with complex geometry, such as shells. Therefore, it is a key step for simulating magnetoelastic mechanical characteristics of structures with complex geometry to establish a 3-d model which also can commonly characterize the two distinct experimental phenomena. A theoretical model for three dimension magnetizable elastic bodies, which is commonly suitable for the two kinds of experimental phenomena on magnetoelastic interaction of ferromagnetic plates, is presented by the variational principle for the total energy functional of the coupling system of the 3-d ferromagnetic bodies. It is found that for the case of linear isotropic magnetic materials, the magnetic forces obtained by this model include not only the body magnetic force which is the same as that got from the magnetic dipole model, but also a distribution of the magnetic traction on the surface of the magnetizable body. And the value of the traction is equal to the jumping one of the Faraday electromagnetic stress on the two sides of the surface, which does not appear in any model, such as magnetic dipole model and axiomatic model.展开更多
文摘Inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling complexes that trigger the activation of inflammatory caspases and the maturation of interleukin-1β. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is best characterized and has been linked with various human autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the cytosol. We also describe the binding partners of NLRP3 inftammasome complexes activating or inhibiting the inflammasome assembly. Our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and how these influence inflammatory responses offers further insight into potential therapeutic strategies to treat inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2017R1A5A2015385)by the framework of an international cooperation program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea(2015K2A2A6002008).
文摘The NOD-,LRR-,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in the release of mature interleukin-1βand triggering of pyroptosis,which is of paramount importance in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions.Over the past decade,considerable advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the priming/licensing(Signal 1)and assembly(Signal 2)involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Recently,a number of studies have indicated that the priming/licensing step is regulated by complicated mechanisms at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels.In this review,we discuss the current understanding of the mechanistic details of NLRP3 inflammasome activation with a particular emphasis on protein-protein interactions,posttranslational modifications,and spatiotemporal regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome machinery.We also present a detailed summary of multiple positive and/or negative regulatory pathways providing upstream signals that culminate in NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation will provide opportunities for the development of methods for the prevention and treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
文摘近年来,康复机器人技术的研究已成为康复医学工程与机器人领域跨学科的研究热点。为提高康复训练机器人的交互能力,将虚拟现实技术、机器人技术相结合,研究基于虚拟场景交互的下肢康复训练机器人系统,使用Kinect传感器采集人体的骨骼信息,并运用Unity3D游戏引擎和3D Studio Max软件开发了用于情景交互的虚拟场景,设计了患者与虚拟人物步态同步控制算法,实现了康复训练过程中的同步交互。实验结果表明,同步步态控制算法有效,人机交互良好,可帮助并激励中风患者实现主动的康复训练。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19572031)the National Science Fundation for Outstanding Young Scientiests in Chinaa united foundation of the State Education Committee of China and National Natural
文摘The quantitative analysis shows that no theoretical model for 3-d magnetoelastic bodies, in literatures to date, can commonly simulate two kinds of distinct experimental phenomena on magnetoelastic interaction of ferromagnetic structures. This makes it difficult to effectively discribe the magnetoelastic mechanical behavior of structures with complex geometry, such as shells. Therefore, it is a key step for simulating magnetoelastic mechanical characteristics of structures with complex geometry to establish a 3-d model which also can commonly characterize the two distinct experimental phenomena. A theoretical model for three dimension magnetizable elastic bodies, which is commonly suitable for the two kinds of experimental phenomena on magnetoelastic interaction of ferromagnetic plates, is presented by the variational principle for the total energy functional of the coupling system of the 3-d ferromagnetic bodies. It is found that for the case of linear isotropic magnetic materials, the magnetic forces obtained by this model include not only the body magnetic force which is the same as that got from the magnetic dipole model, but also a distribution of the magnetic traction on the surface of the magnetizable body. And the value of the traction is equal to the jumping one of the Faraday electromagnetic stress on the two sides of the surface, which does not appear in any model, such as magnetic dipole model and axiomatic model.
