为缓解水资源时空分布不均的供需矛盾,我国修建了许多梯级泵站调水工程。但对相邻梯级泵站开启时间的控制不当,会导致泵站站下水位低于最低运行水位,危及泵站的运行安全。为解决这一问题,本文通过建立梯级泵站级间区段的一维二维耦合数...为缓解水资源时空分布不均的供需矛盾,我国修建了许多梯级泵站调水工程。但对相邻梯级泵站开启时间的控制不当,会导致泵站站下水位低于最低运行水位,危及泵站的运行安全。为解决这一问题,本文通过建立梯级泵站级间区段的一维二维耦合数学模型,模拟不同调水工况下站下水位的变化,确定了科学合理的相邻梯级泵站开启时间差。应用此方法对南水北调东线下级湖段进行了研究,提出了不同工况下泵站开启的临界时间差和临界水位。基于年调水量和起调水位两个变量,利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法和Universal Global Optimization算法提出了临界时间差和临界水位的定量关系式,并以此作为梯级泵站开启的判定条件。研究成果可为南水北调东线工程的运行控制提供技术支持,对其他类似工程也有指导意义。展开更多
1-D and 2-D mathematical models for dam break flow were established and verified with the measured data in laboratory. The 1-D and 2-D models were then coupled, and used to simulate the dam break flow from the reservo...1-D and 2-D mathematical models for dam break flow were established and verified with the measured data in laboratory. The 1-D and 2-D models were then coupled, and used to simulate the dam break flow from the reservoir tail to the dam site, the propagation of dam break waves in the downstream channel, and the submergence of dam break flow in the downstream town with the hydrodynamics method. As a numerical example, the presented model was employed to simulate dam break flow of a hydropower station under construction. In simulation, different dam-break durations, upstream flows and water levels in front of dam were considered, and these influencing factors of dam break flow were analyzed, which could be referenced in planning and designing hydropower stations.展开更多
The main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and the river network in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River constitute a complex water system. This paper develops a one-dimensional （l-D） mathematical mode...The main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and the river network in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River constitute a complex water system. This paper develops a one-dimensional （l-D） mathematical model for flood routing in the river network Of the Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake using the explicit finite volume method. Based on observed data during the flood periods in 1996 and 1998, the model was calibrated and validated, and the results show that the model is effective and has high accuracy. In addition, the one-dimensional mathematical model for the river network and the horizontal two-dimensional （2-D） mathematical model for the Jingjiang flood diversion area were coupled to simulate the flood process in the Jingjiang River, Dongting Lake, and the Jingjiang flood diversion area. The calculated results of the coupled model are consistent with the practical processes. Meanwhile, the results show that the flood diversion has significant effects on the decrease of the peak water level at the Shashi and Chenjiawan hydrological stations near the flood diversion gates, and the effect is more obvious in the downstream than in the upstream.展开更多
On September 10, 2015, unprecedented flood was occurred in Kinugawa River basin located on eastern Japan. It inundated 40 km2 of flood plain in Joso city, Ibaraki Prefecture, and more than 4000 people there called for...On September 10, 2015, unprecedented flood was occurred in Kinugawa River basin located on eastern Japan. It inundated 40 km2 of flood plain in Joso city, Ibaraki Prefecture, and more than 4000 people there called for help despite supposedly having sufficient time to evacuate. Some said that small initial flood before main severe flood arrived made them make a mistake in deciding whether to evacuate or stay there, despite having to actually evacuate in reality. This study focused on flood behaviour in this area, in particular, the effect of a small drainage channel lying on the flood plain which caused fast flood diffusion in case of occurring huge overflowing. Field investigations starting on time of the disaster with high-resolution positioning system were conducted to obtain spatial maps of flood depth and height. For appropriate modelling of the effect of small channel, we applied simulation model coupling 1-dimensional (1D) and 2-dimensional (2D) hydraulic scheme on the field and compared results from the 1D/2D coupled model and model without 1D scheme. The models provided information that the flood could reach 4 hours earlier to the city central of Joso city comparing in case of model without 1D scheme. The water depth rose irregularly and it was more confusing and difficult for the victims to make appropriate evacuation act.展开更多
文摘为缓解水资源时空分布不均的供需矛盾,我国修建了许多梯级泵站调水工程。但对相邻梯级泵站开启时间的控制不当,会导致泵站站下水位低于最低运行水位,危及泵站的运行安全。为解决这一问题,本文通过建立梯级泵站级间区段的一维二维耦合数学模型,模拟不同调水工况下站下水位的变化,确定了科学合理的相邻梯级泵站开启时间差。应用此方法对南水北调东线下级湖段进行了研究,提出了不同工况下泵站开启的临界时间差和临界水位。基于年调水量和起调水位两个变量,利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法和Universal Global Optimization算法提出了临界时间差和临界水位的定量关系式,并以此作为梯级泵站开启的判定条件。研究成果可为南水北调东线工程的运行控制提供技术支持,对其他类似工程也有指导意义。
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program, Grant No. 2003CB415203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50579054).
文摘1-D and 2-D mathematical models for dam break flow were established and verified with the measured data in laboratory. The 1-D and 2-D models were then coupled, and used to simulate the dam break flow from the reservoir tail to the dam site, the propagation of dam break waves in the downstream channel, and the submergence of dam break flow in the downstream town with the hydrodynamics method. As a numerical example, the presented model was employed to simulate dam break flow of a hydropower station under construction. In simulation, different dam-break durations, upstream flows and water levels in front of dam were considered, and these influencing factors of dam break flow were analyzed, which could be referenced in planning and designing hydropower stations.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2006BAB05B02)
文摘The main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and the river network in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River constitute a complex water system. This paper develops a one-dimensional （l-D） mathematical model for flood routing in the river network Of the Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake using the explicit finite volume method. Based on observed data during the flood periods in 1996 and 1998, the model was calibrated and validated, and the results show that the model is effective and has high accuracy. In addition, the one-dimensional mathematical model for the river network and the horizontal two-dimensional （2-D） mathematical model for the Jingjiang flood diversion area were coupled to simulate the flood process in the Jingjiang River, Dongting Lake, and the Jingjiang flood diversion area. The calculated results of the coupled model are consistent with the practical processes. Meanwhile, the results show that the flood diversion has significant effects on the decrease of the peak water level at the Shashi and Chenjiawan hydrological stations near the flood diversion gates, and the effect is more obvious in the downstream than in the upstream.
文摘On September 10, 2015, unprecedented flood was occurred in Kinugawa River basin located on eastern Japan. It inundated 40 km2 of flood plain in Joso city, Ibaraki Prefecture, and more than 4000 people there called for help despite supposedly having sufficient time to evacuate. Some said that small initial flood before main severe flood arrived made them make a mistake in deciding whether to evacuate or stay there, despite having to actually evacuate in reality. This study focused on flood behaviour in this area, in particular, the effect of a small drainage channel lying on the flood plain which caused fast flood diffusion in case of occurring huge overflowing. Field investigations starting on time of the disaster with high-resolution positioning system were conducted to obtain spatial maps of flood depth and height. For appropriate modelling of the effect of small channel, we applied simulation model coupling 1-dimensional (1D) and 2-dimensional (2D) hydraulic scheme on the field and compared results from the 1D/2D coupled model and model without 1D scheme. The models provided information that the flood could reach 4 hours earlier to the city central of Joso city comparing in case of model without 1D scheme. The water depth rose irregularly and it was more confusing and difficult for the victims to make appropriate evacuation act.
