探讨O3处理对‘赤霞珠’葡萄叶片光系统功能Ⅱ（PSⅡ）的伤害机制及O3胁迫发生阈值。以一年生‘赤霞珠’为试材,设置不同O3浓度（25、40、55、80和105 n L·L-1）,测定叶片叶绿素含量、气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数,分析不同O3浓度处...探讨O3处理对‘赤霞珠’葡萄叶片光系统功能Ⅱ（PSⅡ）的伤害机制及O3胁迫发生阈值。以一年生‘赤霞珠’为试材,设置不同O3浓度（25、40、55、80和105 n L·L-1）,测定叶片叶绿素含量、气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数,分析不同O3浓度处理对葡萄叶片PSII活性的影响。结果表明,随着O3浓度升高,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、PSII的实际光化学效率（ΦPSII）、光下最大光化学效率（Fv’/Fm’）、捕获光能用于QA以后的电子传递的概率（ΨEo）、单位面积有活性反应中心的数量（RC/CSm）均呈下降趋势;PSII激发压（1-qP）、K点的相对可变荧光（Wk）、慢相荧光淬灭（qI）呈现上升趋势;在低O3浓度条件下（25~55n L·L-1）,Pn的下降主要是由于气孔限制引起的,O3浓度达到并超过80 n L·L-1时,叶绿素含量显著降低,非气孔限制占主导因素,PSII功能开始受到抑制;浓度达到105 n L·L-1时叶片出现较明显的表观伤害症状,电子供体侧伤害程度大于受体侧。实验结果说明,葡萄叶片可以在短时间内（8 h）忍受一定浓度（不超过55 n L·L-1）的O3胁迫,O3浓度达到或超过80 n L·L-1时,PSII功能受到较严重的抑制。展开更多
To investigate the effect of elevated 03 on the accumulation of main secondary metabolites in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., four-year- old trees were exposed in open-top chambers with ambient air and the air with twice ...To investigate the effect of elevated 03 on the accumulation of main secondary metabolites in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., four-year- old trees were exposed in open-top chambers with ambient air and the air with twice ambient 03 concentration in Shenyang in 2006. Elevated 03 increased the concentrations of terpenes, but decreased the concentrations of phenolics in G. biloba leaves. The results showed that secondary compounds from G. biloba leaves responded to the elevated 03 exposure in a different way when compared to previous studies which showed elevated 03 increased the concentrations of phenolics but had no effect on the terpenes in leaves of other deciduous trees. Furthermore, reduced synthesis of phenolics may decrease the resistance of G. biloba to 03 and other environmental factors. On the other hand, the induced synthesis of terpenes may enhance the antioxidant abilities in G. biloba leaves at the end of 03 fumigation.展开更多
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O3 in growth and nutrition of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.cv Guangzhouyuan） were investigated.Exposure was conducted ...The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O3 in growth and nutrition of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.cv Guangzhouyuan） were investigated.Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O3 concentrations（20（CF）,80（CFO1） and 120 nL/L（CFO2）;8 hr/day for 75 days）.Results showed that elevated O3 slightly impacted overall mycorrhizal colonization,but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional frequency of spores and vesicles,suggesting that O3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure.Elevated O3 significantly decreased yield,dry mass and nutrient contents（N,P,K,Ca and Mg） in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants.However,significant interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the non-mycorrhizal plants.Additionally,AMF increased the concentrations of N,P,Ca,and Mg in shoot and root.It can be concluded that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth.展开更多
Tropical cyclones（TCs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in Hong Kong during the TC active ...Tropical cyclones（TCs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in Hong Kong during the TC active season（July–October） from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm（PM（10）） above the 90th percentile are related to TC activity. TCs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of Hong Kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When TCs are located east of Hong Kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM（10）/ozone（O3） levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When TCs are located southeast of Hong Kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When TCs are south or west of Hong Kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM（10）/O3 levels, and the air quality in Hong Kong is generally good or normal due to TC-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O3 days when TCs are present between Hong Kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of China under TC circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of TC position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in Hong Kong.展开更多
In order to clarify the slag system of high Cr2O3 vanadium-titanium magnetite smelting in BF （blast furnace）, the melting properties of slag samples prepared by analytically pure reagents were measured. By means of ...In order to clarify the slag system of high Cr2O3 vanadium-titanium magnetite smelting in BF （blast furnace）, the melting properties of slag samples prepared by analytically pure reagents were measured. By means of orthogonal test synthetic weighted score method, the optimal slag for high Cr2O3 vanadium-titanium magnetite was obtained, which contained 10% MgO, 8% TiO2 and 15% Al2O3, with the binary basicity being 1.15. In addition, the effects of basicity, MgO, TiO2 and A12 03 on slag melting properties were investigated by single factor test, and the results showed that, with increasing the basicity or TiO2 content, melting temperature （Tin） increased, whereas initial vis- cosity （r/0） and high temperature viscosity （r/h） decreased. With increasing the MgO content, Tm decreased firstly and then increased. With increasing the Al2 O3 content, Tm increased, and η0 and r/h decreased firstly and then increased.展开更多
文摘探讨O3处理对‘赤霞珠’葡萄叶片光系统功能Ⅱ（PSⅡ）的伤害机制及O3胁迫发生阈值。以一年生‘赤霞珠’为试材,设置不同O3浓度（25、40、55、80和105 n L·L-1）,测定叶片叶绿素含量、气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数,分析不同O3浓度处理对葡萄叶片PSII活性的影响。结果表明,随着O3浓度升高,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、PSII的实际光化学效率（ΦPSII）、光下最大光化学效率（Fv’/Fm’）、捕获光能用于QA以后的电子传递的概率（ΨEo）、单位面积有活性反应中心的数量（RC/CSm）均呈下降趋势;PSII激发压（1-qP）、K点的相对可变荧光（Wk）、慢相荧光淬灭（qI）呈现上升趋势;在低O3浓度条件下（25~55n L·L-1）,Pn的下降主要是由于气孔限制引起的,O3浓度达到并超过80 n L·L-1时,叶绿素含量显著降低,非气孔限制占主导因素,PSII功能开始受到抑制;浓度达到105 n L·L-1时叶片出现较明显的表观伤害症状,电子供体侧伤害程度大于受体侧。实验结果说明,葡萄叶片可以在短时间内（8 h）忍受一定浓度（不超过55 n L·L-1）的O3胁迫,O3浓度达到或超过80 n L·L-1时,PSII功能受到较严重的抑制。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90411019)the Foundation of Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chi-nese Academy of Sciences (No. kzcx3-sw-43).
文摘To investigate the effect of elevated 03 on the accumulation of main secondary metabolites in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., four-year- old trees were exposed in open-top chambers with ambient air and the air with twice ambient 03 concentration in Shenyang in 2006. Elevated 03 increased the concentrations of terpenes, but decreased the concentrations of phenolics in G. biloba leaves. The results showed that secondary compounds from G. biloba leaves responded to the elevated 03 exposure in a different way when compared to previous studies which showed elevated 03 increased the concentrations of phenolics but had no effect on the terpenes in leaves of other deciduous trees. Furthermore, reduced synthesis of phenolics may decrease the resistance of G. biloba to 03 and other environmental factors. On the other hand, the induced synthesis of terpenes may enhance the antioxidant abilities in G. biloba leaves at the end of 03 fumigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40701180,30670387)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(No.ZZ1106, ZD0904)the Project of Beijing Key Discipline and State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology
文摘The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O3 in growth and nutrition of snap bean（Phaseolus vulgaris L.cv Guangzhouyuan） were investigated.Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O3 concentrations（20（CF）,80（CFO1） and 120 nL/L（CFO2）;8 hr/day for 75 days）.Results showed that elevated O3 slightly impacted overall mycorrhizal colonization,but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional frequency of spores and vesicles,suggesting that O3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure.Elevated O3 significantly decreased yield,dry mass and nutrient contents（N,P,K,Ca and Mg） in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants.However,significant interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the non-mycorrhizal plants.Additionally,AMF increased the concentrations of N,P,Ca,and Mg in shoot and root.It can be concluded that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth.
基金financially supported by the City University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen)Research Institute Postdoc Fellowshipthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.41675062)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.City U 11306417)
文摘Tropical cyclones（TCs） constitute one of the major atmospheric activities affecting the air quality of the Pearl River Delta region. In this study, the impact of TCs on air quality in Hong Kong during the TC active season（July–October） from 2000 to 2015 is investigated. It is found that 57.5% of days with concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 μm（PM（10）） above the 90th percentile are related to TC activity. TCs in three regions, located to the east, southeast, and southwest of Hong Kong, have obvious impacts on pollutant concentration. When TCs are located east of Hong Kong near Taiwan, 65.5%/38.7% of the days have high or extremely high PM（10）/ozone（O3） levels, which are associated with northerly wind, sinking motion, and relatively low precipitation. When TCs are located southeast of Hong Kong, 48.1%/58.2% of the days have high pollution levels, associated mainly with continental air mass transport. When TCs are south or west of Hong Kong, only 20.8%/16.9% of the days have high PM（10）/O3 levels, and the air quality in Hong Kong is generally good or normal due to TC-associated precipitation, oceanic air mass transport, and an enhanced rising motion. The higher chance of high O3 days when TCs are present between Hong Kong and Taiwan, possibly due to lower-than-normal precipitation along the east coast of China under TC circulation. The results in this study highlight the important influence of TC position and associated atmospheric circulations on the air quality in Hong Kong.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51090384)National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)of China(2012AA062302,2012AA062304)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(N110202001)
文摘In order to clarify the slag system of high Cr2O3 vanadium-titanium magnetite smelting in BF （blast furnace）, the melting properties of slag samples prepared by analytically pure reagents were measured. By means of orthogonal test synthetic weighted score method, the optimal slag for high Cr2O3 vanadium-titanium magnetite was obtained, which contained 10% MgO, 8% TiO2 and 15% Al2O3, with the binary basicity being 1.15. In addition, the effects of basicity, MgO, TiO2 and A12 03 on slag melting properties were investigated by single factor test, and the results showed that, with increasing the basicity or TiO2 content, melting temperature （Tin） increased, whereas initial vis- cosity （r/0） and high temperature viscosity （r/h） decreased. With increasing the MgO content, Tm decreased firstly and then increased. With increasing the Al2 O3 content, Tm increased, and η0 and r/h decreased firstly and then increased.
