Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of Ammopiptantus mongolicus (Maxim. )Chen f. were studied. When the net photosynthetic rate decreased with the elevation of air temperature, thestomatal conductan...Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of Ammopiptantus mongolicus (Maxim. )Chen f. were studied. When the net photosynthetic rate decreased with the elevation of air temperature, thestomatal conductance and stomatal limitation value tended to decline simultaneously, while the interoellularCO2 concentration was increased. According to the two criteria discriminating the stomatal limitation of Photosynthesis suggeSted by Fmrquhar and Sharkey, the seasonal changes in these parameters indicated that the decrease in Pn may not be due to stomatal factor. These studies proved that the relative contents of the large subunit of Rubisco and the photochemical activities correlated with the seasonal changes in the net photosyntheticrate, whieh may show that these two factors contribute primarily to the seasonal changeS in CO2 assimilation.展开更多
Many studies on global climate have forecast major changes in the amounts and spatial patterns of precipitation that may significantly affect temperate grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions. As a part of ChinaFLUX,...Many studies on global climate have forecast major changes in the amounts and spatial patterns of precipitation that may significantly affect temperate grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions. As a part of ChinaFLUX, eddy covariance flux measurements were made at a semi-arid Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China during 2003-2004 to quantify the response of carbon exchange to environmental changes. Results showed that gross ecosystem production (FGEP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) of the steppe were significantly depressed by water stress due to lack of precipitation during the growing season. Temperature was the dominant factor affecting FGEP and Reco in 2003, whereas soil moisture imposed a significant influence on both Reco and FGEP in 2004. Under wet conditions, Reco showed an exponentially increasing trend with temperature (Q10 = 2.0), but an apparent reduction in the value of Reco and its temperature sensitivity were observed during the periods of water stress (Q10=1.6). Both heat and water stress can cause decrease in FGEP. The sea-sonality of ecosystem carbon exchange was strongly correlated with the variation of precipitation. With less precipitation in 2003, the steppe sequestrated carbon in June and July, and went into a senescence in early August due to water stress. As compared to 2003, the severe drought during the spring of 2004 delayed the growth of the steppe until late June, and the steppe became a CO2 sink from early July until mid-September, with ample precipitation in August. The semi-arid steppe released a total of 9.7 g C·m-2 from May 16 to the end of September 2003, whereas the net carbon budget during the same period in 2004 was close to zero. Long-term measurements over various grasslands are needed to quantify carbon balance in temperate grasslands.展开更多
分析了传统矿井通风阻力数据处理方法的缺点,设计了一种矿井通风阻力测定数据处理系统VRDPS2.0,并应用于测定数据的处理与分析。该数据处理系统基于Visual Studio 2010开发平台,综合应用了矿井通风阻力测定技术与理论以及vb.net中数据...分析了传统矿井通风阻力数据处理方法的缺点,设计了一种矿井通风阻力测定数据处理系统VRDPS2.0,并应用于测定数据的处理与分析。该数据处理系统基于Visual Studio 2010开发平台,综合应用了矿井通风阻力测定技术与理论以及vb.net中数据录入、Excel Application对象、COM自动化等技术,实现了包含自然风压计算和误差统计在内矿井通风阻力测定数据的自动处理以及Excel报表的自动化,为矿井通风设计、日常通风管理和通风系统调整提供依据,从而帮助了解通风系统中阻力分布情况,以便降阻增风,而且还为通风设计、网络解算、通风系统改造、调节风压法控制火灾提供可靠的基础资料,为拟定发生矿井火灾、瓦斯煤尘爆炸事故时的风流控制方案提供必要的通风参数。展开更多
We measured soil, stem and branch respiration of trees and shrubs, foliage photosynthesis and respiration in ecosystem of the needle and broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain by LI-6400 CO2 analysis sys...We measured soil, stem and branch respiration of trees and shrubs, foliage photosynthesis and respiration in ecosystem of the needle and broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain by LI-6400 CO2 analysis system. Measurement of forest microclimate was conducted simultaneously and a model was found for the relationship of soil, stem, leaf and climate factors. CO2 flux of different components in ecosystem of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest was estimated based on vegetation characteristics. The net ecosystem exchange was measured by eddy covariance technique. And we studied the effect of temperature and photosynthetic active radiation on ecosystem CO2 flux. Through analysis we found that the net ecosystem exchange was affected mainly by soil respiration and leaf photosynthesis. Annual net ecosystem exchange ranged from a minimum of about -4.671μmol·m-2·s-1 to a maximum of 13.80μmol·m-2·s-1, mean net ecosystem exchange of CO2 flux was -2.0μmol·m-2·s-1 and 3.9μmol·m-2·s-1 in winter and summer respectively (mean value during 24 h). Primary productivity of tree, shrub and herbage contributed about 89.7%, 3.5% and 6.8% to the gross primary productivity of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest respectively. Soil respiration contributed about 69.7% CO2 to the broad-leaved Korean pine forest ecosystem, comprising about 15.2% from tree leaves and 15.1% from branches. The net ecosystem exchange in growing season and non-growing season contributed 56.8% and 43.2% to the annual CO2 efflux respectively. The ratio of autotrophic respiration to gross primary productivity (Ra:GPP) was 0.52 (NPP:GPP=0.48). Annual carbon accumulation underground accounted for 52% of the gross primary productivity, and soil respiration contributed 60% to gross primary productivity. The NPP of the needle and broad-leaved Korean pine forest was 769.3 gC·m-2·a-1. The net ecosystem exchange of this forest ecosystem (NEE) was 229.51 gC·m-2·a-1. The NEE of this forest ecosystem acquired by eddy covariance technique was lower than 展开更多
In this paper,the dimension of the nonuniform bivariate spline space S_(3)^(1,2)(Δ_(mn)^((2))is discussed based on the theory of multivariate spline space.Moreover,by means of the Conformality of Smoothing Cofactor M...In this paper,the dimension of the nonuniform bivariate spline space S_(3)^(1,2)(Δ_(mn)^((2))is discussed based on the theory of multivariate spline space.Moreover,by means of the Conformality of Smoothing Cofactor Method,the basis ofS_(3)^(1,2)(Δ_(mn)^((2))composed of two sets of splines are worked out in the form of the values at ten domain points in each triangular cell,both of which possess distinct local supports.Furthermore,the explicit coefficients in terms of B-net are obtained for the two sets of splines respectively.展开更多
文摘Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of Ammopiptantus mongolicus (Maxim. )Chen f. were studied. When the net photosynthetic rate decreased with the elevation of air temperature, thestomatal conductance and stomatal limitation value tended to decline simultaneously, while the interoellularCO2 concentration was increased. According to the two criteria discriminating the stomatal limitation of Photosynthesis suggeSted by Fmrquhar and Sharkey, the seasonal changes in these parameters indicated that the decrease in Pn may not be due to stomatal factor. These studies proved that the relative contents of the large subunit of Rubisco and the photochemical activities correlated with the seasonal changes in the net photosyntheticrate, whieh may show that these two factors contribute primarily to the seasonal changeS in CO2 assimilation.
基金This study was supported by the Chi-nese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology through grants KZCX1-SW-01 and 2002CB412500.
文摘Many studies on global climate have forecast major changes in the amounts and spatial patterns of precipitation that may significantly affect temperate grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions. As a part of ChinaFLUX, eddy covariance flux measurements were made at a semi-arid Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia, China during 2003-2004 to quantify the response of carbon exchange to environmental changes. Results showed that gross ecosystem production (FGEP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) of the steppe were significantly depressed by water stress due to lack of precipitation during the growing season. Temperature was the dominant factor affecting FGEP and Reco in 2003, whereas soil moisture imposed a significant influence on both Reco and FGEP in 2004. Under wet conditions, Reco showed an exponentially increasing trend with temperature (Q10 = 2.0), but an apparent reduction in the value of Reco and its temperature sensitivity were observed during the periods of water stress (Q10=1.6). Both heat and water stress can cause decrease in FGEP. The sea-sonality of ecosystem carbon exchange was strongly correlated with the variation of precipitation. With less precipitation in 2003, the steppe sequestrated carbon in June and July, and went into a senescence in early August due to water stress. As compared to 2003, the severe drought during the spring of 2004 delayed the growth of the steppe until late June, and the steppe became a CO2 sink from early July until mid-September, with ample precipitation in August. The semi-arid steppe released a total of 9.7 g C·m-2 from May 16 to the end of September 2003, whereas the net carbon budget during the same period in 2004 was close to zero. Long-term measurements over various grasslands are needed to quantify carbon balance in temperate grasslands.
文摘分析了传统矿井通风阻力数据处理方法的缺点,设计了一种矿井通风阻力测定数据处理系统VRDPS2.0,并应用于测定数据的处理与分析。该数据处理系统基于Visual Studio 2010开发平台,综合应用了矿井通风阻力测定技术与理论以及vb.net中数据录入、Excel Application对象、COM自动化等技术,实现了包含自然风压计算和误差统计在内矿井通风阻力测定数据的自动处理以及Excel报表的自动化,为矿井通风设计、日常通风管理和通风系统调整提供依据,从而帮助了解通风系统中阻力分布情况,以便降阻增风,而且还为通风设计、网络解算、通风系统改造、调节风压法控制火灾提供可靠的基础资料,为拟定发生矿井火灾、瓦斯煤尘爆炸事故时的风流控制方案提供必要的通风参数。
基金This work was supported by the Chi-nese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. KZCX1-SW01-01B) the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271068) and Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS.
文摘We measured soil, stem and branch respiration of trees and shrubs, foliage photosynthesis and respiration in ecosystem of the needle and broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain by LI-6400 CO2 analysis system. Measurement of forest microclimate was conducted simultaneously and a model was found for the relationship of soil, stem, leaf and climate factors. CO2 flux of different components in ecosystem of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest was estimated based on vegetation characteristics. The net ecosystem exchange was measured by eddy covariance technique. And we studied the effect of temperature and photosynthetic active radiation on ecosystem CO2 flux. Through analysis we found that the net ecosystem exchange was affected mainly by soil respiration and leaf photosynthesis. Annual net ecosystem exchange ranged from a minimum of about -4.671μmol·m-2·s-1 to a maximum of 13.80μmol·m-2·s-1, mean net ecosystem exchange of CO2 flux was -2.0μmol·m-2·s-1 and 3.9μmol·m-2·s-1 in winter and summer respectively (mean value during 24 h). Primary productivity of tree, shrub and herbage contributed about 89.7%, 3.5% and 6.8% to the gross primary productivity of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest respectively. Soil respiration contributed about 69.7% CO2 to the broad-leaved Korean pine forest ecosystem, comprising about 15.2% from tree leaves and 15.1% from branches. The net ecosystem exchange in growing season and non-growing season contributed 56.8% and 43.2% to the annual CO2 efflux respectively. The ratio of autotrophic respiration to gross primary productivity (Ra:GPP) was 0.52 (NPP:GPP=0.48). Annual carbon accumulation underground accounted for 52% of the gross primary productivity, and soil respiration contributed 60% to gross primary productivity. The NPP of the needle and broad-leaved Korean pine forest was 769.3 gC·m-2·a-1. The net ecosystem exchange of this forest ecosystem (NEE) was 229.51 gC·m-2·a-1. The NEE of this forest ecosystem acquired by eddy covariance technique was lower than
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U0935004,11071031,11001037,10801024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT10ZD112,DUT10JS02).
文摘In this paper,the dimension of the nonuniform bivariate spline space S_(3)^(1,2)(Δ_(mn)^((2))is discussed based on the theory of multivariate spline space.Moreover,by means of the Conformality of Smoothing Cofactor Method,the basis ofS_(3)^(1,2)(Δ_(mn)^((2))composed of two sets of splines are worked out in the form of the values at ten domain points in each triangular cell,both of which possess distinct local supports.Furthermore,the explicit coefficients in terms of B-net are obtained for the two sets of splines respectively.
