This paper investigates the generation of self-organized surface structures on amorphous alloys by vortex femtosecond laser pulses. The scanning electron microscope characterizations show that the as-formed structures...This paper investigates the generation of self-organized surface structures on amorphous alloys by vortex femtosecond laser pulses. The scanning electron microscope characterizations show that the as-formed structures are periodic ripples, aperiodic ripples, and ‘coral-like＇ structures. Optimal conditions for forming these surface structures are determined in terms of pulses number at a given pulse energy. The applicable mechanism is suggested to interpret the formation and evolution of the ＇coral-like＇ structures.展开更多
Vortex ripple is widely formed in the coastal region, and the dynamic ofvortex is quite important because it is responsible for sediment transport. The flow structurearound the vortex ripples can be modeled as 2D flow...Vortex ripple is widely formed in the coastal region, and the dynamic ofvortex is quite important because it is responsible for sediment transport. The flow structurearound the vortex ripples can be modeled as 2D flow due to the geometry of the flow boundaries. Inthis paper, 2D Large-Eddy-Simulation (LES) method was used to predict the flow structure and thedynamic of vortex in the bottom layers under the action of the wave, the numerical simulationresults show a completely process of vortex formation, evolvement and disappearance. Based on thestudy of flow structure, the suspended sediment transport was modeled in present paper. Thesimulated sediment concentrations were compared to measurements from the literature. The agreementbetween the time averaged simulated concentration profiles and measurements is satisfactory. For ahigh setting velocity, the suspended sediment is confined to the vicinity of the bed, and it isdominated by the local bottom shear stress. For a small setting velocity, the suspension is moredominated by the characteristic of vortex. There are two suspended sediment transport peaks observedin the cross-section at the trough and crest in the half period, the second peak is due to theseparation bubble taking the sediment.展开更多
The evolution of an initially flat sandy bed is studied in a laboratory wave flume under enoidal waves and acoustic Doppler velocimeter （ADV） was utilized in the detailed velocity measurements at different positions...The evolution of an initially flat sandy bed is studied in a laboratory wave flume under enoidal waves and acoustic Doppler velocimeter （ADV） was utilized in the detailed velocity measurements at different positions. The ripple formation and evolution have been analyzed by CCD images and the asymmetric rippled bed is induced by the nonlinear wave flow. The flow structure and a complete process of vortex formation, evolvement and disappearance were observed on the asymmetric rippled bed under cnoidal waves. With the increasing nonlinearity of waves, which is an important factor in the sand ripple formation, the vortex intensity becomes stronger and shows different characteristics on both sides of the ripple crest. The vorticity and wave velocity reach their maximum values at different phase angles. The vortex value reaches the maximum value at a small phase angle with the increasing Ursell number. The near bed flow patterns are mainly determined by the ripple forms and the averaged longitudinal velocity over a wave period above the ripple trough and crest are positive, which indicates the possibility of significant onshore sediment transport and a corresponding ripple drift. The phase averaged vertical velocity has noticeable positive values near the bottom of the ripple crest and trough. Sediments may be lifted from the ripple surface, picked up in suspension by the local velocity, and deposited over the crest and on the lee of the ripples.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Key Program of Shandong Province,China (Grant No. 2008GG10004020)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. AUGA41001348)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No. AUGA1100074)the Program of Excellent Team in the Harbin Institute of Technology,China
文摘This paper investigates the generation of self-organized surface structures on amorphous alloys by vortex femtosecond laser pulses. The scanning electron microscope characterizations show that the as-formed structures are periodic ripples, aperiodic ripples, and ‘coral-like＇ structures. Optimal conditions for forming these surface structures are determined in terms of pulses number at a given pulse energy. The applicable mechanism is suggested to interpret the formation and evolution of the ＇coral-like＇ structures.
文摘Vortex ripple is widely formed in the coastal region, and the dynamic ofvortex is quite important because it is responsible for sediment transport. The flow structurearound the vortex ripples can be modeled as 2D flow due to the geometry of the flow boundaries. Inthis paper, 2D Large-Eddy-Simulation (LES) method was used to predict the flow structure and thedynamic of vortex in the bottom layers under the action of the wave, the numerical simulationresults show a completely process of vortex formation, evolvement and disappearance. Based on thestudy of flow structure, the suspended sediment transport was modeled in present paper. Thesimulated sediment concentrations were compared to measurements from the literature. The agreementbetween the time averaged simulated concentration profiles and measurements is satisfactory. For ahigh setting velocity, the suspended sediment is confined to the vicinity of the bed, and it isdominated by the local bottom shear stress. For a small setting velocity, the suspension is moredominated by the characteristic of vortex. There are two suspended sediment transport peaks observedin the cross-section at the trough and crest in the half period, the second peak is due to theseparation bubble taking the sediment.
基金The study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 50479015 and 10202003also supported by Program for New Century Talents Excellent Talents in University(NCET-05-0710).
文摘The evolution of an initially flat sandy bed is studied in a laboratory wave flume under enoidal waves and acoustic Doppler velocimeter （ADV） was utilized in the detailed velocity measurements at different positions. The ripple formation and evolution have been analyzed by CCD images and the asymmetric rippled bed is induced by the nonlinear wave flow. The flow structure and a complete process of vortex formation, evolvement and disappearance were observed on the asymmetric rippled bed under cnoidal waves. With the increasing nonlinearity of waves, which is an important factor in the sand ripple formation, the vortex intensity becomes stronger and shows different characteristics on both sides of the ripple crest. The vorticity and wave velocity reach their maximum values at different phase angles. The vortex value reaches the maximum value at a small phase angle with the increasing Ursell number. The near bed flow patterns are mainly determined by the ripple forms and the averaged longitudinal velocity over a wave period above the ripple trough and crest are positive, which indicates the possibility of significant onshore sediment transport and a corresponding ripple drift. The phase averaged vertical velocity has noticeable positive values near the bottom of the ripple crest and trough. Sediments may be lifted from the ripple surface, picked up in suspension by the local velocity, and deposited over the crest and on the lee of the ripples.
