Electro-hydraulic control valves are key hydraulic components for industrial applications and aerospace,which controls electro-hydraulic motion.With the development of automation,digital technology,and communication t...Electro-hydraulic control valves are key hydraulic components for industrial applications and aerospace,which controls electro-hydraulic motion.With the development of automation,digital technology,and communication technology,electro-hydraulic control valves are becoming more digital,integrated,and intelligent in order to meet the requirements of Industry 4.0.This paper reviews the state of the art development for electro-hydraulic control valves and their related technologies.This review paper considers three aspects of state acquisition through sensors or indirect acquisition technologies,control strategies along with digital controllers and novel valves,and online maintenance through data interaction and fault diagnosis.The main features and development trends of electro-hydraulic control valves oriented to Industry 4.0 are discussed.展开更多
Background： It was believed that inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） was blamed for complications after cardiac surgery. To improve the outcome, many pharmacological interventions have bee...Background： It was believed that inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） was blamed for complications after cardiac surgery. To improve the outcome, many pharmacological interventions have been applied to attenuate inflammatory response during CPB. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ulinastatin （urinary trypsin inhibitor [UTI]） on outcome after CPB surgery. Methods： Totally, 208 patients undergoing elective valves replacement between November 2013 and September 2014 were divided into Group U （n = 70） and Group C （n = 138） based on they received UTI or not. Categorical variables were compared between groups using Fisher＇s exact test, and continuous variables using unpaired Student＇s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. One-way analysis of variance and Dunnett＇s or Tukey＇s tests were used to compare values at different time points within the same group, The risk of outcomes was estimated and adjusted by multivariable logistic regression, propensity scoring, and mixed-effect models for all measured variables. Results： Both the serious complications in total, including death, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury, and the other complications, including hemodialysis, infection, re-incubation, and tracheotomy were similar between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. After adjusted by multivariable logistic regression and the propensity score, UTI still cannot be found any benefit to improve any outcomes after cardiac surgery. Also, no statistical differences with regard to duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, the length of Intensive Care Unit and hospital stays （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： UTI did not improve postoperative outcomes in our patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.展开更多
基金Supported by NSFC-Zhejiang Joint Fund(Grant No.U1509204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51835009,51922093).
文摘Electro-hydraulic control valves are key hydraulic components for industrial applications and aerospace,which controls electro-hydraulic motion.With the development of automation,digital technology,and communication technology,electro-hydraulic control valves are becoming more digital,integrated,and intelligent in order to meet the requirements of Industry 4.0.This paper reviews the state of the art development for electro-hydraulic control valves and their related technologies.This review paper considers three aspects of state acquisition through sensors or indirect acquisition technologies,control strategies along with digital controllers and novel valves,and online maintenance through data interaction and fault diagnosis.The main features and development trends of electro-hydraulic control valves oriented to Industry 4.0 are discussed.
基金Financial support and sponsorship This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81270324）.
文摘Background： It was believed that inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） was blamed for complications after cardiac surgery. To improve the outcome, many pharmacological interventions have been applied to attenuate inflammatory response during CPB. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ulinastatin （urinary trypsin inhibitor [UTI]） on outcome after CPB surgery. Methods： Totally, 208 patients undergoing elective valves replacement between November 2013 and September 2014 were divided into Group U （n = 70） and Group C （n = 138） based on they received UTI or not. Categorical variables were compared between groups using Fisher＇s exact test, and continuous variables using unpaired Student＇s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. One-way analysis of variance and Dunnett＇s or Tukey＇s tests were used to compare values at different time points within the same group, The risk of outcomes was estimated and adjusted by multivariable logistic regression, propensity scoring, and mixed-effect models for all measured variables. Results： Both the serious complications in total, including death, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury, and the other complications, including hemodialysis, infection, re-incubation, and tracheotomy were similar between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. After adjusted by multivariable logistic regression and the propensity score, UTI still cannot be found any benefit to improve any outcomes after cardiac surgery. Also, no statistical differences with regard to duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, the length of Intensive Care Unit and hospital stays （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： UTI did not improve postoperative outcomes in our patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
