An experimental study was conducted to visualize the flow field and confirm the transitional Reynolds number from laminar to turbulent flow, as distilled water flows through quartz glass microtubes with inner diameter...An experimental study was conducted to visualize the flow field and confirm the transitional Reynolds number from laminar to turbulent flow, as distilled water flows through quartz glass microtubes with inner diameter 315 and 520 μm. With gentian violet as colorant, the flow field pictures in the microtube, and therefore, is shot by a CCD camera with a microscope at different Reynolds numbers. Pressure drop data were also used to characterize the friction factor for those microtubes in the Reynolds number range of 200–2300. The experimental results clearly showed that the flow in the microtube was the laminar state and the friction factors agreed well with the Poiseuille equations when the Reynolds number was low. As the Reynolds number was larger than 1200 and 1500 for the microtube with inner diameter 315 and 520 μm, respectively, the friction factor departed from the classical laminar solution due to the earlier transition from laminar to tubulent flow. The flow turned into full turbulent when the Reynolds number reached 1500–1800.展开更多
In order to correctly predict tube cross section time-smoothed velocity distribution, friction factor and mass transfer behavior, two models for turbulent flow in circular tubes based on classical Prandtl mixing lengt...In order to correctly predict tube cross section time-smoothed velocity distribution, friction factor and mass transfer behavior, two models for turbulent flow in circular tubes based on classical Prandtl mixing length theory and a modified mixing length were established. The results show that the modified mixing length includes the introduction of a damping function for the viscous sublayer and the second-order derivative to approximate eddy velocity. The calculated dimensionless time-smoothed velocity from the model based on Prandtl mixing length is much better than the result from the concept of eddy viscosity. The calculated eddy viscosity from the model based on modified mixing length is much better than the result from the model based on the classical Prandtl mixing length theory. And the friction factor calculated from the model based on the modified mixing length agrees well with the reported empirical relationships.展开更多
As a universal principle of turbulence cascade,scaling law is important in the research on statistics of turbulence.In the thesis PIV system is used to measure the streamwise velocity vector(u') and the component ...As a universal principle of turbulence cascade,scaling law is important in the research on statistics of turbulence.In the thesis PIV system is used to measure the streamwise velocity vector(u') and the component of vorti-city (dv'/dx) in order to analyze the parameters of SL scaling law in the boundary layer at Reθ=2694 (Reθ is obtained by the momentum thickness and free flow velocity).The method of wavelet and statistics are used in this paper.Then,the parameters of SL scaling law are fitted with the scaling law of extended self similarity,extended of refined similarity hypothesis and a new form of refined similarity.At different distances from the wall and different scale,the results show that the fitted curves of u' is in accordance with experimental curves.For dv'/dx,the fitted curves which are fitted with extended of refined similarity hypothesis and a new form of refined similarity is in accordance with experimental curves.展开更多
文摘An experimental study was conducted to visualize the flow field and confirm the transitional Reynolds number from laminar to turbulent flow, as distilled water flows through quartz glass microtubes with inner diameter 315 and 520 μm. With gentian violet as colorant, the flow field pictures in the microtube, and therefore, is shot by a CCD camera with a microscope at different Reynolds numbers. Pressure drop data were also used to characterize the friction factor for those microtubes in the Reynolds number range of 200–2300. The experimental results clearly showed that the flow in the microtube was the laminar state and the friction factors agreed well with the Poiseuille equations when the Reynolds number was low. As the Reynolds number was larger than 1200 and 1500 for the microtube with inner diameter 315 and 520 μm, respectively, the friction factor departed from the classical laminar solution due to the earlier transition from laminar to tubulent flow. The flow turned into full turbulent when the Reynolds number reached 1500–1800.
基金Project(20736009) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(07JJ6017) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘In order to correctly predict tube cross section time-smoothed velocity distribution, friction factor and mass transfer behavior, two models for turbulent flow in circular tubes based on classical Prandtl mixing length theory and a modified mixing length were established. The results show that the modified mixing length includes the introduction of a damping function for the viscous sublayer and the second-order derivative to approximate eddy velocity. The calculated dimensionless time-smoothed velocity from the model based on Prandtl mixing length is much better than the result from the concept of eddy viscosity. The calculated eddy viscosity from the model based on modified mixing length is much better than the result from the model based on the classical Prandtl mixing length theory. And the friction factor calculated from the model based on the modified mixing length agrees well with the reported empirical relationships.
基金Sponsored by the Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment of the Ministry of Education of China
文摘As a universal principle of turbulence cascade,scaling law is important in the research on statistics of turbulence.In the thesis PIV system is used to measure the streamwise velocity vector(u') and the component of vorti-city (dv'/dx) in order to analyze the parameters of SL scaling law in the boundary layer at Reθ=2694 (Reθ is obtained by the momentum thickness and free flow velocity).The method of wavelet and statistics are used in this paper.Then,the parameters of SL scaling law are fitted with the scaling law of extended self similarity,extended of refined similarity hypothesis and a new form of refined similarity.At different distances from the wall and different scale,the results show that the fitted curves of u' is in accordance with experimental curves.For dv'/dx,the fitted curves which are fitted with extended of refined similarity hypothesis and a new form of refined similarity is in accordance with experimental curves.
