Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death in Western nations.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)represents 80%of all lung cancers,and adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological type.Despite the inte...Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death in Western nations.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)represents 80%of all lung cancers,and adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological type.Despite the intensive research carried out on this field and therapeutic advances,the overall prognosis of these patients remains unsatisfactory,with a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 15%.Nowadays,pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics represent the key to successful treatment.Recent studies suggest the existence of two distinct molecular pathways in the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma:one associated with smoking and activation of the K-Ras oncogene and the other not associated with smoking and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).The K-ras mutation is mainly responsible for primary resistance to new molecules which inhibit tyrosine kinase EGFR(erlotinib and gefitinib)and most of the EGFR mutations are responsible for increased tumor sensitivity to these drugs.This article aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the molecular pathways involving the EGFR,K-Ras and EGFR targeted therapies in NSCLC tumor behavior.展开更多
目的探讨P21Ras和细胞外信号调节激酶(P-ERK)在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其介导的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK)途径与子宫内膜癌发生发展之间的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法对49例子宫内膜癌...目的探讨P21Ras和细胞外信号调节激酶(P-ERK)在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其介导的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK)途径与子宫内膜癌发生发展之间的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法对49例子宫内膜癌和20例子宫内膜非典型增生,12例增生期内膜组织中P21Ras和P-ERK的表达进行检测,分析两者的表达与子宫内膜癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果P21Ras和P-ERK在子宫内膜癌中的表达率分别为75.51%(37/49)、71.43%(35/49),明显高于非典型增生内膜35.00%(7/20)、40.00%(8/20)及增生期子宫内膜0(0/12)、8.33%(1/12)(P<0.05)。P21ras和P-ERK在高中分化子宫内膜癌中的表达率63.64%(21/33)、60.61%(20/33),显著低于低分化子宫内膜癌100%(16/16)、93.75%(15/16)(P<0.05)。P-ERK在手术病理分期中Ⅲ的表达率为100%,明显高于Ⅰ期58.62%(17/29)、Ⅱ期85.71%(12/14)。此外,P-ERK的表达与肌层浸润深度有关,在<1/2肌层深度中的表达53.85%(14/26)明显小于≥1/2肌层深度的表达91.30%(21/23)(P<0.05)。P21Ras和P-ERK的表达呈正相关(rs=0.480,P<0.01)。结论P21Ras和P-ERK与子宫内膜癌的发生和发展有关,且两者存在协同作用;②Ras-MAPK途径的异常活化与子宫内膜癌的发生密切相关。展开更多
Objective and background： Although p21 ras has been reported to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic hepatitis C type I, p21 ras has a different role in advanced stages, as it has been foun...Objective and background： Although p21 ras has been reported to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic hepatitis C type I, p21 ras has a different role in advanced stages, as it has been found to be downregulated. The goal of this study was to investigate the status of p21 ras in early-stage/low-grade and late-stage/high-grade hepatocellular carcinoma and its possible link to apoptosis. Material and methods： Thirty-five cases each of chronic HCV hepatitis type 4 （group I） and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） complicating chronic HCV hepatitis （groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ） were immunohistochemically evaluated using a p21 ras polyclonal antibody. The apoptotic index was determined in histologic sections using the terminal deoxynncleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay. Results： Significant differences （P=0.001） were detected in p21 ras protein expression between the three groups. A near 2-fold increase in p21 ras staining was observed in the cirrhotic cases compared to the hepatitis cases, and p21 ras expression was decreased in the HCC group, p21 ras expression correlated with stage （r=0.64, P--0.001） and grade （r=-0.65, P=0.001） in the HCC group and grade in the HCV group （r=0.44, P=0.008）. Both p21 ras expression and TUNEL-LI were significantly lower in large HCCs compared to small HCCs （P=0.01 each）. The TUNEL values were negatively correlated with stage in the HCC group （r=-0.85, P=0.001）. The TUNEL values were also negatively correlated with grade in both the HCV and HCC groups （r=0.89, P=0.001 and r=0.53, P=0.001, respectively）. The p21 ras scores were significantly correlated with the TUNEL-LI values in the HCC group （r=0.63, P=0.001） and HCV group （r=0.88, P=0.001）. Conclusions： p21 ras acts as an initiator in HCC complicating type 4 chronic HCV and is downregulated with HCC progression, which most likely promotes tumor cell survival because it facilitates the downregulation of apopt展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry on the proliferation, cell cycle, and expressions of p21Ras and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） gene in erythroleukemia cell...Objective： To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry on the proliferation, cell cycle, and expressions of p21Ras and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） gene in erythroleukemia cell line K562. Methods： The effect of total flavonoids of Hedysarum po/ybotry on K562 cell line survival was determined by the 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium （MTT） reduction assay. The time- and dose- dependent manner was also observed. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed with flow cytometry （FCM）. The immunocytochemistry method was applied to quantitatively analyze the effects of flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry on changes p21Ras and PCNA gene expressions. Results： Flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry （20-100 g/mL） significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After K562 cells were cultured for 48 h, total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry had no significant effect on the apoptosis of K562 cells but showed significantly inhibition （P〈0.01）, indicating that total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry could induce K562 cells arrested at Go/G1 and G2/M phases. Compared with the control group, p21Ras and PCNA gene expressions were decreased significantly in K562 cells treated with total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry （40 and 80 μg/mL, respectively） for 48 h. Conclusion： The inhibitory effect on proliferation of K562 cells was observed in the groups treated with flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry, which might be related to cells arresting.展开更多
Objectives:This study is to investigate the effects of new anti-tumor formular(NAF)on expression of PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 in liver precancerous lesions of HBV large envelope transgenic mice injected by aflatoxin ...Objectives:This study is to investigate the effects of new anti-tumor formular(NAF)on expression of PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 in liver precancerous lesions of HBV large envelope transgenic mice injected by aflatoxin B1(AFB1).Methods:The precancerous HBV large envelope transgenic mouse injected by AFB1 liver model was used.Mice was given water,NAF concentrated water solution throughout the whole experiment(48 weeks).PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results: PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 expressions were significantly inhibited by NAF treatment.Conclusion NAF inhibited PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 protein expressions,therefore,NAF could show obvious effects on protecting against synergistic hepatoearcinogenesis of HBV and AFB1.展开更多
文摘Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death in Western nations.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)represents 80%of all lung cancers,and adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological type.Despite the intensive research carried out on this field and therapeutic advances,the overall prognosis of these patients remains unsatisfactory,with a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 15%.Nowadays,pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics represent the key to successful treatment.Recent studies suggest the existence of two distinct molecular pathways in the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma:one associated with smoking and activation of the K-Ras oncogene and the other not associated with smoking and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).The K-ras mutation is mainly responsible for primary resistance to new molecules which inhibit tyrosine kinase EGFR(erlotinib and gefitinib)and most of the EGFR mutations are responsible for increased tumor sensitivity to these drugs.This article aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the molecular pathways involving the EGFR,K-Ras and EGFR targeted therapies in NSCLC tumor behavior.
文摘目的探讨P21Ras和细胞外信号调节激酶(P-ERK)在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其介导的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK)途径与子宫内膜癌发生发展之间的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法对49例子宫内膜癌和20例子宫内膜非典型增生,12例增生期内膜组织中P21Ras和P-ERK的表达进行检测,分析两者的表达与子宫内膜癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系。结果P21Ras和P-ERK在子宫内膜癌中的表达率分别为75.51%(37/49)、71.43%(35/49),明显高于非典型增生内膜35.00%(7/20)、40.00%(8/20)及增生期子宫内膜0(0/12)、8.33%(1/12)(P<0.05)。P21ras和P-ERK在高中分化子宫内膜癌中的表达率63.64%(21/33)、60.61%(20/33),显著低于低分化子宫内膜癌100%(16/16)、93.75%(15/16)(P<0.05)。P-ERK在手术病理分期中Ⅲ的表达率为100%,明显高于Ⅰ期58.62%(17/29)、Ⅱ期85.71%(12/14)。此外,P-ERK的表达与肌层浸润深度有关,在<1/2肌层深度中的表达53.85%(14/26)明显小于≥1/2肌层深度的表达91.30%(21/23)(P<0.05)。P21Ras和P-ERK的表达呈正相关(rs=0.480,P<0.01)。结论P21Ras和P-ERK与子宫内膜癌的发生和发展有关,且两者存在协同作用;②Ras-MAPK途径的异常活化与子宫内膜癌的发生密切相关。
文摘Objective and background： Although p21 ras has been reported to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic hepatitis C type I, p21 ras has a different role in advanced stages, as it has been found to be downregulated. The goal of this study was to investigate the status of p21 ras in early-stage/low-grade and late-stage/high-grade hepatocellular carcinoma and its possible link to apoptosis. Material and methods： Thirty-five cases each of chronic HCV hepatitis type 4 （group I） and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） complicating chronic HCV hepatitis （groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ） were immunohistochemically evaluated using a p21 ras polyclonal antibody. The apoptotic index was determined in histologic sections using the terminal deoxynncleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay. Results： Significant differences （P=0.001） were detected in p21 ras protein expression between the three groups. A near 2-fold increase in p21 ras staining was observed in the cirrhotic cases compared to the hepatitis cases, and p21 ras expression was decreased in the HCC group, p21 ras expression correlated with stage （r=0.64, P--0.001） and grade （r=-0.65, P=0.001） in the HCC group and grade in the HCV group （r=0.44, P=0.008）. Both p21 ras expression and TUNEL-LI were significantly lower in large HCCs compared to small HCCs （P=0.01 each）. The TUNEL values were negatively correlated with stage in the HCC group （r=-0.85, P=0.001）. The TUNEL values were also negatively correlated with grade in both the HCV and HCC groups （r=0.89, P=0.001 and r=0.53, P=0.001, respectively）. The p21 ras scores were significantly correlated with the TUNEL-LI values in the HCC group （r=0.63, P=0.001） and HCV group （r=0.88, P=0.001）. Conclusions： p21 ras acts as an initiator in HCC complicating type 4 chronic HCV and is downregulated with HCC progression, which most likely promotes tumor cell survival because it facilitates the downregulation of apopt
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation for Middle-AgedYoung Scientist of Gansu Province(No.YS031-A21-015)
文摘Objective： To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry on the proliferation, cell cycle, and expressions of p21Ras and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） gene in erythroleukemia cell line K562. Methods： The effect of total flavonoids of Hedysarum po/ybotry on K562 cell line survival was determined by the 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium （MTT） reduction assay. The time- and dose- dependent manner was also observed. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed with flow cytometry （FCM）. The immunocytochemistry method was applied to quantitatively analyze the effects of flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry on changes p21Ras and PCNA gene expressions. Results： Flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry （20-100 g/mL） significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After K562 cells were cultured for 48 h, total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry had no significant effect on the apoptosis of K562 cells but showed significantly inhibition （P〈0.01）, indicating that total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry could induce K562 cells arrested at Go/G1 and G2/M phases. Compared with the control group, p21Ras and PCNA gene expressions were decreased significantly in K562 cells treated with total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry （40 and 80 μg/mL, respectively） for 48 h. Conclusion： The inhibitory effect on proliferation of K562 cells was observed in the groups treated with flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry, which might be related to cells arresting.
文摘Objectives:This study is to investigate the effects of new anti-tumor formular(NAF)on expression of PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 in liver precancerous lesions of HBV large envelope transgenic mice injected by aflatoxin B1(AFB1).Methods:The precancerous HBV large envelope transgenic mouse injected by AFB1 liver model was used.Mice was given water,NAF concentrated water solution throughout the whole experiment(48 weeks).PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results: PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 expressions were significantly inhibited by NAF treatment.Conclusion NAF inhibited PCNA,P21 ras and NF-KB P65 protein expressions,therefore,NAF could show obvious effects on protecting against synergistic hepatoearcinogenesis of HBV and AFB1.
