Let G be a finite group.The question how the properties of its minimal subgroups influence the structure of G is of considerable interest for some scholars.In this paper we try to use c-normal condition on minimal sub...Let G be a finite group.The question how the properties of its minimal subgroups influence the structure of G is of considerable interest for some scholars.In this paper we try to use c-normal condition on minimal subgroups to characterize the structure of G.Some previously known results are generalized.展开更多
Consider the real, simply-connected, connected, s-step nilpotent Lie group G endowed with a left-invariant, integrable almost complex structure J, which is nilpotent. Consider the simply-connected, connected nilpotent...Consider the real, simply-connected, connected, s-step nilpotent Lie group G endowed with a left-invariant, integrable almost complex structure J, which is nilpotent. Consider the simply-connected, connected nilpotent Lie group Gk, defined by the nilpotent Lie algebra g/ak, where g is the Lie algebra of G, and ak is an ideal of g. Then, J gives rise to an almost complex structure Jk on Gk. The main conclusion obtained is as follows: if the almost complex structure J of a nilpotent Lie group G is nilpotent, then J can give rise to a left-invariant integrable almost complex structure Jk on the nilpotent Lie group Gk, and Jk is also nilpotent.展开更多
Let Fq be a finite field. In this paper, a construction of Cartesian au-thentication codes from the normal form of a class of nilpotent matrices over the field Fq is presented. Moreover, assume that the encoding rules...Let Fq be a finite field. In this paper, a construction of Cartesian au-thentication codes from the normal form of a class of nilpotent matrices over the field Fq is presented. Moreover, assume that the encoding rules are chosen according to a uniform probability distribution, the probabilities PI and PS, of a successful im-personation attack and of a successful substitution attack respectively, of these codes are also computed.展开更多
Let X be a （real or complex） Banach space with dimension greater than 2 and let B0（X） be the subspace of B（X） spanned by all nilpotent operators on X. We get a complete classification of surjective additive maps...Let X be a （real or complex） Banach space with dimension greater than 2 and let B0（X） be the subspace of B（X） spanned by all nilpotent operators on X. We get a complete classification of surjective additive maps Ф on B0（X） which preserve nilpotent operators in both directions. In particular, if X is infinite-dimensional, we prove that Ф has the form either Ф（T） = cATA^-1 or Ф（T） = cAT＇A^-1, where A is an invertible bounded linear or conjugate linear operator, c is a scalar, T＇ denotes the adjoint of T. As an application of these results, we show that every additive surjective map on B（X） preserving spectral radius has a similar form to the above with ｜c｜ = 1.展开更多
The notions of the nilpotent and the strong-nilpotent Leibniz 3-algebras are defined. And the three dimensional two-step nilpotent, strong-nilpotent Leibniz 3-algebras are classified.
Let a, b be two generalized Drazin invertible elements in a Banach algebra. An explicit expression for the generalized Drazin inverse of the sum a + b in terms of a,b,a^d,b^d is given. The generalized Drazin inverse f...Let a, b be two generalized Drazin invertible elements in a Banach algebra. An explicit expression for the generalized Drazin inverse of the sum a + b in terms of a,b,a^d,b^d is given. The generalized Drazin inverse for the sum of two elements in a Banach algebra is studied by means of the system of idempotents. It is first proved that a + b∈A^(qnil) under the condition that a,b∈A^(qnil),aba = 0 and ab^2= 0 and then the explicit expressions for the generalized Drazin inverse of the sum a + b under some newconditions are given. Also, some known results are extended.展开更多
In this paper,we prove that the electrical Lie algebra e D_(5)is isomorphic to the semidirect product of sp_(4)and a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra.Furthermore,we classify the irreducible highest weight modules for e D_...In this paper,we prove that the electrical Lie algebra e D_(5)is isomorphic to the semidirect product of sp_(4)and a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra.Furthermore,we classify the irreducible highest weight modules for e D_(5).展开更多
In this paper,we consider the first-order Melnikov functions and limit cycle bifurcations of a nearHamiltonian system near a cuspidal loop.By establishing relations between the coefficients in the expansions of the tw...In this paper,we consider the first-order Melnikov functions and limit cycle bifurcations of a nearHamiltonian system near a cuspidal loop.By establishing relations between the coefficients in the expansions of the two Melnikov functions,we give a general method to obtain the number of limit cycles near the cuspidal loop.As an application,we consider a kind of Liénard systems and obtain a new estimation on the lower bound of the maximum number of limit cycles.展开更多
Real and complex Schur forms have been receiving increasing attention from the fluid mechanics community recently,especially related to vortices and turbulence.Several decompositions of the velocity gradient tensor,su...Real and complex Schur forms have been receiving increasing attention from the fluid mechanics community recently,especially related to vortices and turbulence.Several decompositions of the velocity gradient tensor,such as the triple decomposition of motion(TDM)and normal-nilpotent decomposition(NND),have been proposed to analyze the local motions of fluid elements.However,due to the existence of different types and non-uniqueness of Schur forms,as well as various possible definitions of NNDs,confusion has spread widely and is harming the research.This work aims to clean up this confusion.To this end,the complex and real Schur forms are derived constructively from the very basics,with special consideration for their non-uniqueness.Conditions of uniqueness are proposed.After a general discussion of normality and nilpotency,a complex NND and several real NNDs as well as normal-nonnormal decompositions are constructed,with a brief comparison of complex and real decompositions.Based on that,several confusing points are clarified,such as the distinction between NND and TDM,and the intrinsic gap between complex and real NNDs.Besides,the author proposes to extend the real block Schur form and its corresponding NNDs for the complex eigenvalue case to the real eigenvalue case.But their justification is left to further investigations.展开更多
文章主要研究Banach代数上反三角算子矩阵的Hirano逆.假设a∈A^(H),b∈A^(sD).如果b^(D)a=0,bab^(π)=0,证明了[a 1 b 0]具有Hirano逆,进而研究了反三角算子矩阵在弱交换条件下的Hirano逆.由此获得了新的可以分解为三幂等元与幂零元和...文章主要研究Banach代数上反三角算子矩阵的Hirano逆.假设a∈A^(H),b∈A^(sD).如果b^(D)a=0,bab^(π)=0,证明了[a 1 b 0]具有Hirano逆,进而研究了反三角算子矩阵在弱交换条件下的Hirano逆.由此获得了新的可以分解为三幂等元与幂零元和的算子矩阵.展开更多
Assume that S is an nth-order complex sign pattern.If for every nth degree complex coefficient polynomial f(λ)with a leading coefficient of 1,there exists a complex matrix C∈Q(S)such that the characteristic polynomi...Assume that S is an nth-order complex sign pattern.If for every nth degree complex coefficient polynomial f(λ)with a leading coefficient of 1,there exists a complex matrix C∈Q(S)such that the characteristic polynomial of C is f(λ),then S is called a spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern.That is,if the spectrum of nth-order complex sign pattern S is a set comprised of all spectra of nth-order complex matrices,then S is called a spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern.This paper presents a class of spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern with only 3n nonzero elements by adopting the method of Schur complement and row reduction.展开更多
For a nilpotent group G without π-torsion,and x,y ∈ G,if x^(n)=y^(n) for a T-number n,then x=y;if x^(m)y^(n)=y^(n)x^(m) for n-numbers m,n,then xy=yx.This is a wellknown result in group theory.In this paper,we prove ...For a nilpotent group G without π-torsion,and x,y ∈ G,if x^(n)=y^(n) for a T-number n,then x=y;if x^(m)y^(n)=y^(n)x^(m) for n-numbers m,n,then xy=yx.This is a wellknown result in group theory.In this paper,we prove two analogous theorems on matrices,which have independence significance.Specifically,let m be a given positive integer and A a complex square matrix satisfying that(i)all eigenvalues of A are nonnegative,and(i)rank A^(2)=rank A;then A has a unique m-th root X with rank X^(2)=rank X,all eigenvalues of X are nonnegative,and moreover there is a polynomial f(λ)with X=f(A).In addition,let A and B be complex n×n matrices with all eigenvalues nonnegative,and rank A^(2)=rank A,rank B^(2)=rank B;then(i)A=B when A^(r)=B^(r) for some positive integer r,and(i)AB=BA when A^(s)B^(t)=B^(t)A^(s) for two positive integers s and t.展开更多
A subset D of a group G is a determining set of G if every automorphism of G is uniquely determined by its action on D,and the determining number of G,a(G),is the cardinality of a smallest determining set.A group G is...A subset D of a group G is a determining set of G if every automorphism of G is uniquely determined by its action on D,and the determining number of G,a(G),is the cardinality of a smallest determining set.A group G is called a DEG-group if α(G)equals(G),the generating number of G.Our main results are as follows.Finite groups with determining number 0 or 1 are classified;finite simple groups and finite nilpotent groups are proved to be DEG-groups;for a given finite group H,there is a DEG-group G such that H is isomorphic to a normal subgroup of G and there is an injective mapping from the set of all finite groups to the set of finite DEG-groups;for any integer k≥2,there exists a group G such that α(G)=2 and(G)≥k.展开更多
Using a limit process, it is proved in this paper that the adjoint matrix of an idempotent matrix is idempotent and the adjoint matrix of a nilpotent matrix is also nilpotent. The results are richer than that in [1].
In this note we study character sheaves for graded Lie algebras arising from inner automorphisms of special linear groups and Vinberg’s type Ⅱ classical graded Lie algebras.
In this article,we mainly study the products of commutator ideals of Lie-admissible algebras such as Novikov algebras,bicommutative algebras,and assosymmetric algebras.More precisely,we first study the properties of t...In this article,we mainly study the products of commutator ideals of Lie-admissible algebras such as Novikov algebras,bicommutative algebras,and assosymmetric algebras.More precisely,we first study the properties of the lower central chains for Novikov algebras and bicommutative algebras.Then we show that for every Lie nilpotent Novikov algebra or Lie nilpotent bicommutative algebra A,the ideal of A generated by the set{ab−ba|a,b∈A}is nilpotent.Finally,we study properties of the lower central chains for assosymmetric algebras,study the products of commutator ideals of assosymmetric algebras and show that the products of commutator ideals have a similar property as that for associative algebras.展开更多
基金The author is supported in part by NSF of China and NSF of Guangdong Province
文摘Let G be a finite group.The question how the properties of its minimal subgroups influence the structure of G is of considerable interest for some scholars.In this paper we try to use c-normal condition on minimal subgroups to characterize the structure of G.Some previously known results are generalized.
文摘Consider the real, simply-connected, connected, s-step nilpotent Lie group G endowed with a left-invariant, integrable almost complex structure J, which is nilpotent. Consider the simply-connected, connected nilpotent Lie group Gk, defined by the nilpotent Lie algebra g/ak, where g is the Lie algebra of G, and ak is an ideal of g. Then, J gives rise to an almost complex structure Jk on Gk. The main conclusion obtained is as follows: if the almost complex structure J of a nilpotent Lie group G is nilpotent, then J can give rise to a left-invariant integrable almost complex structure Jk on the nilpotent Lie group Gk, and Jk is also nilpotent.
文摘Let Fq be a finite field. In this paper, a construction of Cartesian au-thentication codes from the normal form of a class of nilpotent matrices over the field Fq is presented. Moreover, assume that the encoding rules are chosen according to a uniform probability distribution, the probabilities PI and PS, of a successful im-personation attack and of a successful substitution attack respectively, of these codes are also computed.
文摘Let X be a （real or complex） Banach space with dimension greater than 2 and let B0（X） be the subspace of B（X） spanned by all nilpotent operators on X. We get a complete classification of surjective additive maps Ф on B0（X） which preserve nilpotent operators in both directions. In particular, if X is infinite-dimensional, we prove that Ф has the form either Ф（T） = cATA^-1 or Ф（T） = cAT＇A^-1, where A is an invertible bounded linear or conjugate linear operator, c is a scalar, T＇ denotes the adjoint of T. As an application of these results, we show that every additive surjective map on B（X） preserving spectral radius has a similar form to the above with ｜c｜ = 1.
基金supported by NSFC (10871192)NSF of Hebei Province (A2010000194)
文摘The notions of the nilpotent and the strong-nilpotent Leibniz 3-algebras are defined. And the three dimensional two-step nilpotent, strong-nilpotent Leibniz 3-algebras are classified.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11371089,11371165)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20160101264JC)+2 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20120092110020)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20141327)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Foundation of Graduate Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYZZ15-0049)
文摘Let a, b be two generalized Drazin invertible elements in a Banach algebra. An explicit expression for the generalized Drazin inverse of the sum a + b in terms of a,b,a^d,b^d is given. The generalized Drazin inverse for the sum of two elements in a Banach algebra is studied by means of the system of idempotents. It is first proved that a + b∈A^(qnil) under the condition that a,b∈A^(qnil),aba = 0 and ab^2= 0 and then the explicit expressions for the generalized Drazin inverse of the sum a + b under some newconditions are given. Also, some known results are extended.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2232021G-13).
文摘In this paper,we prove that the electrical Lie algebra e D_(5)is isomorphic to the semidirect product of sp_(4)and a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra.Furthermore,we classify the irreducible highest weight modules for e D_(5).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971145)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11931016)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1005900)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the first-order Melnikov functions and limit cycle bifurcations of a nearHamiltonian system near a cuspidal loop.By establishing relations between the coefficients in the expansions of the two Melnikov functions,we give a general method to obtain the number of limit cycles near the cuspidal loop.As an application,we consider a kind of Liénard systems and obtain a new estimation on the lower bound of the maximum number of limit cycles.
文摘Real and complex Schur forms have been receiving increasing attention from the fluid mechanics community recently,especially related to vortices and turbulence.Several decompositions of the velocity gradient tensor,such as the triple decomposition of motion(TDM)and normal-nilpotent decomposition(NND),have been proposed to analyze the local motions of fluid elements.However,due to the existence of different types and non-uniqueness of Schur forms,as well as various possible definitions of NNDs,confusion has spread widely and is harming the research.This work aims to clean up this confusion.To this end,the complex and real Schur forms are derived constructively from the very basics,with special consideration for their non-uniqueness.Conditions of uniqueness are proposed.After a general discussion of normality and nilpotency,a complex NND and several real NNDs as well as normal-nonnormal decompositions are constructed,with a brief comparison of complex and real decompositions.Based on that,several confusing points are clarified,such as the distinction between NND and TDM,and the intrinsic gap between complex and real NNDs.Besides,the author proposes to extend the real block Schur form and its corresponding NNDs for the complex eigenvalue case to the real eigenvalue case.But their justification is left to further investigations.
文摘Assume that S is an nth-order complex sign pattern.If for every nth degree complex coefficient polynomial f(λ)with a leading coefficient of 1,there exists a complex matrix C∈Q(S)such that the characteristic polynomial of C is f(λ),then S is called a spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern.That is,if the spectrum of nth-order complex sign pattern S is a set comprised of all spectra of nth-order complex matrices,then S is called a spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern.This paper presents a class of spectrally arbitrary complex sign pattern with only 3n nonzero elements by adopting the method of Schur complement and row reduction.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12171142).
文摘For a nilpotent group G without π-torsion,and x,y ∈ G,if x^(n)=y^(n) for a T-number n,then x=y;if x^(m)y^(n)=y^(n)x^(m) for n-numbers m,n,then xy=yx.This is a wellknown result in group theory.In this paper,we prove two analogous theorems on matrices,which have independence significance.Specifically,let m be a given positive integer and A a complex square matrix satisfying that(i)all eigenvalues of A are nonnegative,and(i)rank A^(2)=rank A;then A has a unique m-th root X with rank X^(2)=rank X,all eigenvalues of X are nonnegative,and moreover there is a polynomial f(λ)with X=f(A).In addition,let A and B be complex n×n matrices with all eigenvalues nonnegative,and rank A^(2)=rank A,rank B^(2)=rank B;then(i)A=B when A^(r)=B^(r) for some positive integer r,and(i)AB=BA when A^(s)B^(t)=B^(t)A^(s) for two positive integers s and t.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11971474,12371025)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12271318).
文摘A subset D of a group G is a determining set of G if every automorphism of G is uniquely determined by its action on D,and the determining number of G,a(G),is the cardinality of a smallest determining set.A group G is called a DEG-group if α(G)equals(G),the generating number of G.Our main results are as follows.Finite groups with determining number 0 or 1 are classified;finite simple groups and finite nilpotent groups are proved to be DEG-groups;for a given finite group H,there is a DEG-group G such that H is isomorphic to a normal subgroup of G and there is an injective mapping from the set of all finite groups to the set of finite DEG-groups;for any integer k≥2,there exists a group G such that α(G)=2 and(G)≥k.
文摘Using a limit process, it is proved in this paper that the adjoint matrix of an idempotent matrix is idempotent and the adjoint matrix of a nilpotent matrix is also nilpotent. The results are richer than that in [1].
基金Supported by Australian Research Council(Grant No.DP150103525)。
文摘In this note we study character sheaves for graded Lie algebras arising from inner automorphisms of special linear groups and Vinberg’s type Ⅱ classical graded Lie algebras.
基金supported by FCT(Grant No.UIDB/00212/2020)FCT(Grant No.UIDP/00212/2020)+5 种基金supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan(Grant No.AP14869221)by“Tayelsizdik urpaqtary”MISD RKpartially supported by the Simons Foundation Targeted Grant for the Institute of Mathematics–VAST(Grant No.558672)by the Vietnam Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics(VIASM)supported by the NNSF of China(Grant No.12101248)by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M691099)。
文摘In this article,we mainly study the products of commutator ideals of Lie-admissible algebras such as Novikov algebras,bicommutative algebras,and assosymmetric algebras.More precisely,we first study the properties of the lower central chains for Novikov algebras and bicommutative algebras.Then we show that for every Lie nilpotent Novikov algebra or Lie nilpotent bicommutative algebra A,the ideal of A generated by the set{ab−ba|a,b∈A}is nilpotent.Finally,we study properties of the lower central chains for assosymmetric algebras,study the products of commutator ideals of assosymmetric algebras and show that the products of commutator ideals have a similar property as that for associative algebras.
