为了研究牛乳中体细胞数对产奶量和乳汁成分的影响,采集西安草滩奶牛三场2004年处于泌乳盛期（2~4胎）的荷斯坦牛的奶样,测定体细胞数、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、日产奶量、胎次、泌乳阶段,共测341个样本。运用直线相关与回归方法,确定奶牛乳...为了研究牛乳中体细胞数对产奶量和乳汁成分的影响,采集西安草滩奶牛三场2004年处于泌乳盛期（2~4胎）的荷斯坦牛的奶样,测定体细胞数、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、日产奶量、胎次、泌乳阶段,共测341个样本。运用直线相关与回归方法,确定奶牛乳汁中体细胞数与产奶量、乳脂率及乳蛋白率的相关程度。结果表明：体细胞数与产奶量有极显著的负相关关系（r=-0.514,P〉0.01）,与乳脂率无显著相关关系（r=-0.045,P〉0.05）,与乳蛋白率无显著相关关系（r=0.035,P〉0.05）。说明体细胞数越高,奶量损失越大,当体细胞数超过110万/mL时,奶量损失达24.6%。因此,要充分利用奶牛牛群改良项目（dairy herd i m-provement,DHI）报表,加强对体细胞数的监控,及时预防和发现隐性乳房炎和临床乳房炎,减小经济损失,提高牛群的产奶性能。展开更多
To study whether integrative fertilization [growing milk vetch in winter and reducing the dose of chemical nitrogen(N) fertilizer] can improve rice yield, and to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms for integra...To study whether integrative fertilization [growing milk vetch in winter and reducing the dose of chemical nitrogen(N) fertilizer] can improve rice yield, and to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms for integrative fertilization, a three-year field trial including two treatments, milk vetch-rice-rice(MRR) and winter fallow-rice-rice(FRR), was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012.Our results demonstrated that the MRR treatment could significantly improve rice yield compared with the FRR treatment, especially when the application ratio of milk vetch and chemical fertilizer was 1:2.MRR treatment increased the effective panicle number and the spikelet number per panicle.In addition, a higher tillering number, leaf area index, photosynthetic-potential and photosynthetic-potential to grain ratio were observed in MRR treatment, which could provide enough dry matter for yield formation.Moreover, in MRR treatment, we discovered a higher transportation ratio and transformation ratio of dry matter in culm and leaves, and a stronger total sink capacity and spikelet-root bleeding intensity at the heading stage and 15 d after heading.Furthermore, the MRR treatment showed higher total N, phosphorus and potassium uptakes than FRR treatment, which was associated with the higher root dry weight in each soil layers.These results suggest that growing milk vetch in winter can improve rice yield under less chemical N fertilizer application, which is due to the improvement of soil nutrient status and the increased of rice root growth and development.展开更多
文摘为了研究牛乳中体细胞数对产奶量和乳汁成分的影响,采集西安草滩奶牛三场2004年处于泌乳盛期（2~4胎）的荷斯坦牛的奶样,测定体细胞数、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、日产奶量、胎次、泌乳阶段,共测341个样本。运用直线相关与回归方法,确定奶牛乳汁中体细胞数与产奶量、乳脂率及乳蛋白率的相关程度。结果表明：体细胞数与产奶量有极显著的负相关关系（r=-0.514,P〉0.01）,与乳脂率无显著相关关系（r=-0.045,P〉0.05）,与乳蛋白率无显著相关关系（r=0.035,P〉0.05）。说明体细胞数越高,奶量损失越大,当体细胞数超过110万/mL时,奶量损失达24.6%。因此,要充分利用奶牛牛群改良项目（dairy herd i m-provement,DHI）报表,加强对体细胞数的监控,及时预防和发现隐性乳房炎和临床乳房炎,减小经济损失,提高牛群的产奶性能。
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No.2013BAD07B12)the grant from Jiangxi Province(555 Talents Program)
文摘To study whether integrative fertilization [growing milk vetch in winter and reducing the dose of chemical nitrogen(N) fertilizer] can improve rice yield, and to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms for integrative fertilization, a three-year field trial including two treatments, milk vetch-rice-rice(MRR) and winter fallow-rice-rice(FRR), was conducted in 2010, 2011 and 2012.Our results demonstrated that the MRR treatment could significantly improve rice yield compared with the FRR treatment, especially when the application ratio of milk vetch and chemical fertilizer was 1:2.MRR treatment increased the effective panicle number and the spikelet number per panicle.In addition, a higher tillering number, leaf area index, photosynthetic-potential and photosynthetic-potential to grain ratio were observed in MRR treatment, which could provide enough dry matter for yield formation.Moreover, in MRR treatment, we discovered a higher transportation ratio and transformation ratio of dry matter in culm and leaves, and a stronger total sink capacity and spikelet-root bleeding intensity at the heading stage and 15 d after heading.Furthermore, the MRR treatment showed higher total N, phosphorus and potassium uptakes than FRR treatment, which was associated with the higher root dry weight in each soil layers.These results suggest that growing milk vetch in winter can improve rice yield under less chemical N fertilizer application, which is due to the improvement of soil nutrient status and the increased of rice root growth and development.
