Mitochondria play an essential role in neural function,such as supporting normal energy metabolism,regulating reactive oxygen species,buffering physiological calcium loads,and maintaining the balance of morphology,sub...Mitochondria play an essential role in neural function,such as supporting normal energy metabolism,regulating reactive oxygen species,buffering physiological calcium loads,and maintaining the balance of morphology,subcellular distribution,and overall health through mitochondrial dynamics.Given the recent technological advances in the assessment of mitochondrial structure and functions,mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as the early and key pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,mild cognitive impairment,and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.This review will focus on the recent advances in mitochondrial medicine and research methodology in the field of cognitive sciences,from the perspectives of energy metabolism,oxidative stress,calcium homeostasis,and mitochondrial dynamics(including fission-fusion,transport,and mitophagy).展开更多
Brown adipose tissue(BAT),crucial for mammalian thermoregulation and energy metabolism,boasts a dense concentration of mitochondria.As a vital cellular organelle,mitochondria undergo substantial remodeling in cold env...Brown adipose tissue(BAT),crucial for mammalian thermoregulation and energy metabolism,boasts a dense concentration of mitochondria.As a vital cellular organelle,mitochondria undergo substantial remodeling in cold environments,playing a pivotal role in maintaining body temperature and energy balance[1].Mitochondrial dynamics.展开更多
Soil microorganisms play a key role in soil organic matter dynamics, nutrient cycling, and soil fertility maintenance in forest ecosystems, and they are influenced by stand age and soil depth. However, few studies hav...Soil microorganisms play a key role in soil organic matter dynamics, nutrient cycling, and soil fertility maintenance in forest ecosystems, and they are influenced by stand age and soil depth. However, few studies have simultaneously considered these two factors. In this study, we measured soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), soil basal respiration (SBR) rate, and potential extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) in soil to a depth of 60 cm under 10-, 30-, and 40-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) stands (Y10, Y30, and Y40, respectively) in plantations in northern China in 2011. Soil water content (SWC), soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil total nitrogen (STN) were also measured to explore their effects on soil microbial indices across different stand ages and soil depths. Our results showed that SMBC, SMBN, and the SBR rate were generally higher for the Y30 stand than for the Y10 and Y40 stands. Potential EEA, except forα-glucosidase, decreased significantly with increasing stand age. Soil organic carbon,STN, SWC, and soil pH explained 67%of the variation in soil microbial attributes among the three stand ages. For the same stand age, soil microbial biomass and the SBR rate decreased with soil depth. Lower microbial biomass, lower SBR rate, and lower EEA for the mature Y40 stand indicate lower substrate availability for soil microorganisms, lower soil quality, and lower microbial adaptability to the environment. Our results suggest that changes in soil quality with stand age should be considered when determining the optimum rotation length of plantations and the best management practices for afforestation programs.展开更多
Reports on the Kinneret zooplankton in general and particularly on copepods are dealing recently with numerical densities of feeding habit classes. Nevertheless, for the evaluation of the integrated role of copepod as...Reports on the Kinneret zooplankton in general and particularly on copepods are dealing recently with numerical densities of feeding habit classes. Nevertheless, for the evaluation of the integrated role of copepod assemblages in the entire lake ecosystem, their life cycle stages fluctuations are essential. It was not done in previous reports. Therefore, long term analysis of the cyclopoid copepods life stages dynamics in Lake Kinneret was carried out. Due to information availability, two complementary methods of density concentrations were evaluated for two consecutive data sets: 1) 1969-1985 numerical (No/L) documentation of life cycle stages of nauplii (I - III and III - V), copepodites (I, II, III, IV, V) and adults;2) 1969-2002 monthly averages of wet biomass density (g/m<sup>2</sup>) of zooplankton major groups combined with metabolic rates. nauplii densities represent June-August peaks and older stages spring decline and high levels during summer-early winter. Polynomial Regressions between Numerical annual averages of predator and Herbivore stages as well as young vs. older life stages indicate significant relations. During winter-spring season, temperatures are optimal for cyclopoid growth as a result of the high efficiency of metabolic activity and the low pressure of fish predation. The high rate of metabolism and intensive fish predation in summer enhance low densities of adult cyclopoids.展开更多
Seed priming,a pre-sowing technique that enhances the antioxidant/DNA repair activities during the pre-germinative metabolism,still retains empirical features.We explore for the first time the molecular dynamics of pr...Seed priming,a pre-sowing technique that enhances the antioxidant/DNA repair activities during the pre-germinative metabolism,still retains empirical features.We explore for the first time the molecular dynamics of pre-germinative metabolism in primed eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)seeds in order to identify hallmarks(expression patterns of antioxidant/DNA repair genes combined with free radical profiles)useful to discriminate between high-and lowquality lots.The hydropriming protocol hereby developed anticipated(or even rescued)germination,when applied to lots with variable quality.ROS(reactive oxygen species)raised during hydropriming and dropped after dry-back.Upregulation of antioxidant/DNA repair genes was observed during hydropriming and the subsequent imbibition.Upregulation of SmOGG1(8-oxoguanine glycosylase/lyase)gene detected in primed seeds at 2 h of imbibition appeared as a promising hallmark.On the basis of these results,the investigation was restricted within the first 2 h of imbibition,to verify whether the molecular landscape was reproducible in different lots.A complex pattern of antioxidant/DNA repair gene expression emerged,reflecting the preponderance of seed lot-specific profiles.Only the low-quality eggplant seeds subjected to hydropriming showed enhanced ROS levels,both in the dry and imbibed state,and this might be a useful signature to discriminate among lots.The plasticity of eggplant pre-germinative metabolism stimulated by priming imposes a plethora of heterogeneous molecular responses that might delay the search for quality hallmarks.However,the information hereby gained could be translated to eggplant wild relatives to speed-up their use in breeding programs or other agronomical applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271222(to ZL),81971012(to ZL),82071189(to XG),and 82201335(to YL)Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital,No.BYSYZD2019027(to ZL)。
文摘Mitochondria play an essential role in neural function,such as supporting normal energy metabolism,regulating reactive oxygen species,buffering physiological calcium loads,and maintaining the balance of morphology,subcellular distribution,and overall health through mitochondrial dynamics.Given the recent technological advances in the assessment of mitochondrial structure and functions,mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as the early and key pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,mild cognitive impairment,and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.This review will focus on the recent advances in mitochondrial medicine and research methodology in the field of cognitive sciences,from the perspectives of energy metabolism,oxidative stress,calcium homeostasis,and mitochondrial dynamics(including fission-fusion,transport,and mitophagy).
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82270396).
文摘Brown adipose tissue(BAT),crucial for mammalian thermoregulation and energy metabolism,boasts a dense concentration of mitochondria.As a vital cellular organelle,mitochondria undergo substantial remodeling in cold environments,playing a pivotal role in maintaining body temperature and energy balance[1].Mitochondrial dynamics.
基金This study was supported by projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31972939,31630009 and 31670325)the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China(No.2016YFC0500701)+1 种基金the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agri-culture,Nanjing Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y412201439)the University Con-struction Projects from the Central Authorities in Beiing of China.
文摘Soil microorganisms play a key role in soil organic matter dynamics, nutrient cycling, and soil fertility maintenance in forest ecosystems, and they are influenced by stand age and soil depth. However, few studies have simultaneously considered these two factors. In this study, we measured soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), soil basal respiration (SBR) rate, and potential extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) in soil to a depth of 60 cm under 10-, 30-, and 40-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) stands (Y10, Y30, and Y40, respectively) in plantations in northern China in 2011. Soil water content (SWC), soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil total nitrogen (STN) were also measured to explore their effects on soil microbial indices across different stand ages and soil depths. Our results showed that SMBC, SMBN, and the SBR rate were generally higher for the Y30 stand than for the Y10 and Y40 stands. Potential EEA, except forα-glucosidase, decreased significantly with increasing stand age. Soil organic carbon,STN, SWC, and soil pH explained 67%of the variation in soil microbial attributes among the three stand ages. For the same stand age, soil microbial biomass and the SBR rate decreased with soil depth. Lower microbial biomass, lower SBR rate, and lower EEA for the mature Y40 stand indicate lower substrate availability for soil microorganisms, lower soil quality, and lower microbial adaptability to the environment. Our results suggest that changes in soil quality with stand age should be considered when determining the optimum rotation length of plantations and the best management practices for afforestation programs.
文摘Reports on the Kinneret zooplankton in general and particularly on copepods are dealing recently with numerical densities of feeding habit classes. Nevertheless, for the evaluation of the integrated role of copepod assemblages in the entire lake ecosystem, their life cycle stages fluctuations are essential. It was not done in previous reports. Therefore, long term analysis of the cyclopoid copepods life stages dynamics in Lake Kinneret was carried out. Due to information availability, two complementary methods of density concentrations were evaluated for two consecutive data sets: 1) 1969-1985 numerical (No/L) documentation of life cycle stages of nauplii (I - III and III - V), copepodites (I, II, III, IV, V) and adults;2) 1969-2002 monthly averages of wet biomass density (g/m<sup>2</sup>) of zooplankton major groups combined with metabolic rates. nauplii densities represent June-August peaks and older stages spring decline and high levels during summer-early winter. Polynomial Regressions between Numerical annual averages of predator and Herbivore stages as well as young vs. older life stages indicate significant relations. During winter-spring season, temperatures are optimal for cyclopoid growth as a result of the high efficiency of metabolic activity and the low pressure of fish predation. The high rate of metabolism and intensive fish predation in summer enhance low densities of adult cyclopoids.
基金supported by CARIPLO Foundation in the frame of the WAKEAPT project(Code 2016-0723)(‘Seed Wake-up with Aptamers:a New Technology for Dormancy Release and Improved Seed Priming’)and by the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(MIUR):Dipartimenti di Eccellenza Program(2018-2022)-Dept.of Biology and Biotechnology“L.Spallanzani”,University of Pavia(to C.F.,A.P.,A.M.,and A.B.).C.F.,L.B.,and A.P.have been awarded by a Research Fellowship from CARIPLO Foundation in the frame of the WAKE-APT project(Code 2016-0723).
文摘Seed priming,a pre-sowing technique that enhances the antioxidant/DNA repair activities during the pre-germinative metabolism,still retains empirical features.We explore for the first time the molecular dynamics of pre-germinative metabolism in primed eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)seeds in order to identify hallmarks(expression patterns of antioxidant/DNA repair genes combined with free radical profiles)useful to discriminate between high-and lowquality lots.The hydropriming protocol hereby developed anticipated(or even rescued)germination,when applied to lots with variable quality.ROS(reactive oxygen species)raised during hydropriming and dropped after dry-back.Upregulation of antioxidant/DNA repair genes was observed during hydropriming and the subsequent imbibition.Upregulation of SmOGG1(8-oxoguanine glycosylase/lyase)gene detected in primed seeds at 2 h of imbibition appeared as a promising hallmark.On the basis of these results,the investigation was restricted within the first 2 h of imbibition,to verify whether the molecular landscape was reproducible in different lots.A complex pattern of antioxidant/DNA repair gene expression emerged,reflecting the preponderance of seed lot-specific profiles.Only the low-quality eggplant seeds subjected to hydropriming showed enhanced ROS levels,both in the dry and imbibed state,and this might be a useful signature to discriminate among lots.The plasticity of eggplant pre-germinative metabolism stimulated by priming imposes a plethora of heterogeneous molecular responses that might delay the search for quality hallmarks.However,the information hereby gained could be translated to eggplant wild relatives to speed-up their use in breeding programs or other agronomical applications.
