Various metal-based electrocatalysts from nanocrystals,to clusters and single-atoms,have been well-discovered towards high-efficient power devices and electrocatalytic conversion.To accelerate energy transformation ma...Various metal-based electrocatalysts from nanocrystals,to clusters and single-atoms,have been well-discovered towards high-efficient power devices and electrocatalytic conversion.To accelerate energy transformation materials discovery,developing high-throughput DFT calculations and machine-learning techniques is of great necessity.This review comprehensively outlines the latest progress of theory-guided design of advanced energy transformation materials.Especially,we focus on the study of single atoms in various power devices,such as fuel cell(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR;acid oxidation reaction;alcohol oxidation reaction),and other reactions for energy-related electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2)evolution reactions(2e−ORR),water splitting(H_(2)evolution reaction/O_(2)evolution reaction,HER/OER),N2 reduction reaction(NRR),and CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).Firstly,the electronic structure,interaction mechanism,and reaction activation path are discussed to provide an overall blueprint in electrocatalysis and batteries mentioned above.Thereafter,the experimental synthesis strategies,structural recognition,and electrocatalytic performance for the advanced energy transformation materials are figured out.Finally,some viewpoints into the current issues and future design concept of the advanced energy transformation materials are provided.展开更多
Low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） are prevalent on the earth＇s surface. They are vital intermediate products during metabolic pathways of organic matter and participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle dur...Low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） are prevalent on the earth＇s surface. They are vital intermediate products during metabolic pathways of organic matter and participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle during life activities. Photochemical reactions are pivotal for LMWOAs＇ origination and play a large role in determining their diversity and their ultimate fate. Within the long time that organic matter is preserved in sediments, it can be decomposed and converted to release organic and inorganic pollutants as well as C, N, and P nutrients, which are of potential ecological risk in causing secondary pollution to lake water. The sediment pool is a comprehensive and complex compartment closely associated with overlying water by various biochemical processes, during which LMWOAs play critical roles to transport and transform elements. This article elucidates geochemical behaviors of LMWOAs in the surface environment in details, taking natural water, soil, and aerosol as examples, focusing on reviewing research developments on sources and characteristics, migration and mineralization of LMWOAs and relevant environmental effects. Simultaneously, this review article depicts the categories and contents of LMWOAs or their contribution to DOC in environmental media, and evaluates their importance during organic matter early diagenesis. Through concluding and discussing the conversion mechanisms and influencing factors, the next research orientations on LMWOAs in lake ecosystems are determined, mainly concerning relationships with hydrochemical parameters and microorganisms, and interactions with pollutants. This will enrich the knowledge on organic matter degradation and related environmental effects, and help reconstruct a theoretical framework for organic compound succession and influencing factors, providing basic data for lake eutrophication and ecological risk assessment, conducive to better control over water pollution and proper management of water quality.展开更多
Coal and oil shale are two common sedimentary energy sources which are often symbiotically developed in M esozoic- Cenozoic continental fault basins. However, the mechanisms and characteristics of the symbiotic develo...Coal and oil shale are two common sedimentary energy sources which are often symbiotically developed in M esozoic- Cenozoic continental fault basins. However, the mechanisms and characteristics of the symbiotic development are not yet clearly known. In this research study, the typical continental fault basins of eastern China were chosen as examples for the purpose of conducting an examination of the coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblage types, genetic environmental differences, and transformation mechanisms, as well as the development and occurrence characteristics o f different assemblage types. Through a large number of investigations, systematic experimental testing, and sequence stratigraphy studies, the following conclusions were obtained:(1) There were five types of coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblages observed in the continental fault basins,(2) The development of coal and oil shale deposits requires a warm and humid climate, stable structure, abundant organic matter supply, a certain water depth, and a lower terrestrial source debris supply. The observed differences were that the water depth conditions were diversified in the study area, as well as the sources, types, and content of the organic matter.(3) The rapid transformations of the coal and oil shale genetic environments were mainly controlled by the tectonic settings and climatic conditions, which were determined to control the changes in the water depths, salinity,redox conditions, and lake productivity of the genetic environments. Also, in the symbiotic assemblages, genetic environment changes had induced the development of oil shale deposits, which gradually evolved into coal genetic environments.(4) In the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework of the coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblages, the lake expansion system tracts (EST) were determined to be the most beneficial to the growth o f all the types of assemblages and were characterized by more assemblage development phases and smaller bed thicknesses. From the early to the lat展开更多
Early-stage fire-warning systems(EFWSs)have attracted significant attention owing to their superiority in detecting fire situations occurring in the pre-combustion process.Substantial progress on EFWSs has been achiev...Early-stage fire-warning systems(EFWSs)have attracted significant attention owing to their superiority in detecting fire situations occurring in the pre-combustion process.Substantial progress on EFWSs has been achieved recently,and they have presented a considerable possibility for more evacuation time to control constant unintentional fire hazards in our daily life.This review mainly makes a comprehensive summary of the current EFWSs,including the working mechanisms and their performance.According to the different working mechanisms,fire alarms can be classified into graphene oxide-based fire alarms,semiconductor-based fire alarms,thermoelectric-based fire alarms,and fire alarms on other working mechanisms.Finally,the challenge and prospect for EFWSs are briefly provided by comparing the art of state of fire alarms.This work can propose a more comprehensive understanding of EFWSs and a guideline for the cutting-edge development direction of EFWSs for readers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0702003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21890383,21871159)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Key Project of Guangdong Province of China(2020B010188002)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691834).
文摘Various metal-based electrocatalysts from nanocrystals,to clusters and single-atoms,have been well-discovered towards high-efficient power devices and electrocatalytic conversion.To accelerate energy transformation materials discovery,developing high-throughput DFT calculations and machine-learning techniques is of great necessity.This review comprehensively outlines the latest progress of theory-guided design of advanced energy transformation materials.Especially,we focus on the study of single atoms in various power devices,such as fuel cell(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR;acid oxidation reaction;alcohol oxidation reaction),and other reactions for energy-related electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2)evolution reactions(2e−ORR),water splitting(H_(2)evolution reaction/O_(2)evolution reaction,HER/OER),N2 reduction reaction(NRR),and CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).Firstly,the electronic structure,interaction mechanism,and reaction activation path are discussed to provide an overall blueprint in electrocatalysis and batteries mentioned above.Thereafter,the experimental synthesis strategies,structural recognition,and electrocatalytic performance for the advanced energy transformation materials are figured out.Finally,some viewpoints into the current issues and future design concept of the advanced energy transformation materials are provided.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.41373138,41003055,41261140337)the National Science and Technology Major Special Project(No.2011ZX07212-007)State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry(No.SKLEG2013404),Institute of geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Low molecular weight organic acids （LMWOAs） are prevalent on the earth＇s surface. They are vital intermediate products during metabolic pathways of organic matter and participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle during life activities. Photochemical reactions are pivotal for LMWOAs＇ origination and play a large role in determining their diversity and their ultimate fate. Within the long time that organic matter is preserved in sediments, it can be decomposed and converted to release organic and inorganic pollutants as well as C, N, and P nutrients, which are of potential ecological risk in causing secondary pollution to lake water. The sediment pool is a comprehensive and complex compartment closely associated with overlying water by various biochemical processes, during which LMWOAs play critical roles to transport and transform elements. This article elucidates geochemical behaviors of LMWOAs in the surface environment in details, taking natural water, soil, and aerosol as examples, focusing on reviewing research developments on sources and characteristics, migration and mineralization of LMWOAs and relevant environmental effects. Simultaneously, this review article depicts the categories and contents of LMWOAs or their contribution to DOC in environmental media, and evaluates their importance during organic matter early diagenesis. Through concluding and discussing the conversion mechanisms and influencing factors, the next research orientations on LMWOAs in lake ecosystems are determined, mainly concerning relationships with hydrochemical parameters and microorganisms, and interactions with pollutants. This will enrich the knowledge on organic matter degradation and related environmental effects, and help reconstruct a theoretical framework for organic compound succession and influencing factors, providing basic data for lake eutrophication and ecological risk assessment, conducive to better control over water pollution and proper management of water quality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2017YFC0601400)SDUST Research Fund (2018TDJH101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41402086, 272172)
文摘Coal and oil shale are two common sedimentary energy sources which are often symbiotically developed in M esozoic- Cenozoic continental fault basins. However, the mechanisms and characteristics of the symbiotic development are not yet clearly known. In this research study, the typical continental fault basins of eastern China were chosen as examples for the purpose of conducting an examination of the coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblage types, genetic environmental differences, and transformation mechanisms, as well as the development and occurrence characteristics o f different assemblage types. Through a large number of investigations, systematic experimental testing, and sequence stratigraphy studies, the following conclusions were obtained:(1) There were five types of coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblages observed in the continental fault basins,(2) The development of coal and oil shale deposits requires a warm and humid climate, stable structure, abundant organic matter supply, a certain water depth, and a lower terrestrial source debris supply. The observed differences were that the water depth conditions were diversified in the study area, as well as the sources, types, and content of the organic matter.(3) The rapid transformations of the coal and oil shale genetic environments were mainly controlled by the tectonic settings and climatic conditions, which were determined to control the changes in the water depths, salinity,redox conditions, and lake productivity of the genetic environments. Also, in the symbiotic assemblages, genetic environment changes had induced the development of oil shale deposits, which gradually evolved into coal genetic environments.(4) In the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework of the coal and oil shale symbiotic assemblages, the lake expansion system tracts (EST) were determined to be the most beneficial to the growth o f all the types of assemblages and were characterized by more assemblage development phases and smaller bed thicknesses. From the early to the lat
基金This work was partially supported by the China Scholarship Council under the Grant CSC(201908110272)BIOFIRESAFE Project funded by Ministerio De Ciencia E Innovacion,Spain,with the project numbers:PID2020-117274RB-I00BIOFIRESAFE and PEJ-2018 MINECO.
文摘Early-stage fire-warning systems(EFWSs)have attracted significant attention owing to their superiority in detecting fire situations occurring in the pre-combustion process.Substantial progress on EFWSs has been achieved recently,and they have presented a considerable possibility for more evacuation time to control constant unintentional fire hazards in our daily life.This review mainly makes a comprehensive summary of the current EFWSs,including the working mechanisms and their performance.According to the different working mechanisms,fire alarms can be classified into graphene oxide-based fire alarms,semiconductor-based fire alarms,thermoelectric-based fire alarms,and fire alarms on other working mechanisms.Finally,the challenge and prospect for EFWSs are briefly provided by comparing the art of state of fire alarms.This work can propose a more comprehensive understanding of EFWSs and a guideline for the cutting-edge development direction of EFWSs for readers.
