Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7) with Ruddlesden-Popper structure exhibits the largest polarization among the known hybrid improper ferroelectrics.However,the high Curie temperature impedes the thorough study of phase transition thr...Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7) with Ruddlesden-Popper structure exhibits the largest polarization among the known hybrid improper ferroelectrics.However,the high Curie temperature impedes the thorough study of phase transition through dielectric characterization.According to the previous theoretical design rule,the Curie temperature can be suppressed by increasing the tolerance factor.So,in the present work,high-quality Ca_(3-x)LaxTi_(2-x)Al_(x)O_(7)(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3)ceramics with increased tolerance factors were successfully prepared.The amplitude of oxygen octahedral tilt mode indeed decreases with increasing tolerance factors,leading to a degeneration of ferroelectric polarization.However,the unexpected rigid rotation mode causes the composition-invariable coercive fields.The Curie temperatures decrease linearly with increasing x and tolerance factors.The variable-temperature dielectric constant confirms first-order improper ferroelectric transitions in Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)-based ceramics.The results of variable temperature Xray diffraction reveal the coexistence of two-phases below Curie temperature.The present work confidently confirms the first-order improper ferroelectric transition in Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)-based ceramics by combining results of variable-temperature dielectric response and in-situ X-ray powder diffraction.展开更多
Some new inequalities involving improper integrals are established in the paper which generalize the related results due to Pachpatte and Rodrigues.Discrete analogues of the integral inequalities obtained are also der...Some new inequalities involving improper integrals are established in the paper which generalize the related results due to Pachpatte and Rodrigues.Discrete analogues of the integral inequalities obtained are also derived.An example is given to show that the bound in Theorem 1 is not improvable.展开更多
Given a list assignment of L to graph G,assign a list L(υ)of colors to each υ∈V(G).An(L,d)^(*)-coloring is a mapping π that assigns a color π(υ)∈L(υ)to each vertex υ∈V(G)such that at most d neighbors of υ r...Given a list assignment of L to graph G,assign a list L(υ)of colors to each υ∈V(G).An(L,d)^(*)-coloring is a mapping π that assigns a color π(υ)∈L(υ)to each vertex υ∈V(G)such that at most d neighbors of υ receive the color υ.If there exists an(L,d)^(*)-coloring for every list assignment L with|L(υ)|≥k for all υ∈ V(G),then G is called to be(k,d)^(*)-choosable.In this paper,we prove every planar graph G without adjacent k-cycles is(3,1)^(*)-choosable,where k ∈{3,4,5}.展开更多
Hybrid improper ferroelectricity has been extensively reported through theoretical prediction and experimental investigation in the oxides with Ruddlesden-Popper(R-P)structures.However,the experimentally reported ferr...Hybrid improper ferroelectricity has been extensively reported through theoretical prediction and experimental investigation in the oxides with Ruddlesden-Popper(R-P)structures.However,the experimentally reported ferroelectric materials based on triple-layer R-P structures are rare,and the weak ferroelectricity impedes its practical application.In the present work,the single-phase Li_(2)Nd_(2)Ti_(3)O_(10)ceramics with A-site cation ordered triple-layer R-P structure was obtained by spark plasma sintering technique,and the crystal structure of P2_(1)ab symmetry was revealed by neutron powder diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis.Furthermore,the switchable ferroelectricity in Li_(2)Nd_(2)Ti_(3)O_(10)ceramics has been observed at room temperature,and the saturated polarization-electric field hysteresis loop was obtained with P_(r)=0.4μC/cm^(2)under the electric field of 250 kV/cm.The phase transition behavior of Li_(2)Nd_(2)Ti_(3)O_(10)oxides was revealed by the temperature-dependence Raman and dielectric spectra combined with the piezoelectric property.展开更多
In this paper, we present a proper reparametrization algorithm for rational ruled surfaces. That is, for an improper rational parametrization of a ruled surface, we construct a proper rational parametrization for the ...In this paper, we present a proper reparametrization algorithm for rational ruled surfaces. That is, for an improper rational parametrization of a ruled surface, we construct a proper rational parametrization for the same surface. The algorithm consists of three steps. We first reparametrize the improper rational parametrization caused by improper supports. Then the improper rational parametrization is transformed to a new one which is proper in one of the parameters. Finally, the problem is reduced to the proper reparametrization of planar rational algebraic curves.展开更多
Bayesian quantile regression has drawn more attention in widespread applications recently. Yu and Moyeed (2001) proposed an asymmetric Laplace distribution to provide likelihood based mechanism for Bayesian inference ...Bayesian quantile regression has drawn more attention in widespread applications recently. Yu and Moyeed (2001) proposed an asymmetric Laplace distribution to provide likelihood based mechanism for Bayesian inference of quantile regression models. In this work, the primary objective is to evaluate the performance of Bayesian quantile regression compared with simple regression and quantile regression through simulation and with application to a crime dataset from 50 USA states for assessing the effect of potential risk factors on the violent crime rate. This paper also explores improper priors, and conducts sensitivity analysis on the parameter estimates. The data analysis reveals that the percent of population that are single parents always has a significant positive influence on violent crimes occurrence, and Bayesian quantile regression provides more comprehensive statistical description of this association.展开更多
In this paper, a class of lattice supports in the lattice space Zm is found to be inherently improper because any rational parametrization from Cm to Cm defined on such a support is improper. The improper index for su...In this paper, a class of lattice supports in the lattice space Zm is found to be inherently improper because any rational parametrization from Cm to Cm defined on such a support is improper. The improper index for such a lattice support is defined to be the gcd of the normalized volumes of all the simplex sub-supports. The structure of an improper support S is analyzed and shrinking transformations are constructed to transform S to a proper one. For a generic rational parametrization RP defined on an improper support S, we prove that its improper index is the improper index of S and give a proper reparametrization algorithm for RP. Finally, properties for rational parametrizations defined on an improper support and with numerical coefficients are also considered.展开更多
Abstract Non-Practicing Entities （NPE）, as a subject, is a neutral concept, but the derogatory sense of translation and understanding on this concept and the chaos of understanding make the legal regulation of NPE e...Abstract Non-Practicing Entities （NPE）, as a subject, is a neutral concept, but the derogatory sense of translation and understanding on this concept and the chaos of understanding make the legal regulation of NPE encounter more difficulties and challenges. In fact, NPE issues are con~,erned, discussed and researched in China within quite a long period, however, it would not become an outstanding legal issue nowadays. NPE as a market entity, its existence is legitimate per se, and what the law should focus on is the unfair conduct that NPE might be engaged in rather than the subject of NPE itself. It is not necessary to make specific articles and provisions on the subject of NPE at present in the Patent Law of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC） and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the PRC which are revised in China, and a serial of rules and guidelines for Anti-Monopoly Law of the PRC which are formulated in China. It proved that the unfair conducts of NPE should be regulated according to Patent law, Anti-Unfair Competition Law and Anti-Monopoly Law as well as, reconfirmed that the conclusion that the regulation of NPE in China laws focus on conducts rather than subject in a serial of cases such as the anti-monopoly investigation case against INTERDIGITAL Corporation initiated by the National Development and Reform Commission, the case that the Ministry of Commerce imposed restrictive conditions to approve that Microsoft acquired Nokia equipment and service business, and the commercial defamation case that Shenzhen Libang Precision Instrument Co., Ltd vs Shenznen Mairui Divlogivai Meliva Electronic Co,Ltd.which was reviewed by the Supreme People＇s Court.展开更多
从所周知,欧拉不等式2r≤R2(3)^(1/3)r≤3^(1/3)R。(1765)我们可加细到2(3)^(1/3)r≤(abc)1/3≤1/3(a+b+c)≤3^(1/3)R;(1)2(3)^(1/3)r≤(abc)^(1/3)≤{P integral from n=1 to ∞(+8)[(a+x)(b+x)(c+x)]^-(P+1)3dx}-1/P≤1/3(a+b+c)≤3^(...从所周知,欧拉不等式2r≤R2(3)^(1/3)r≤3^(1/3)R。(1765)我们可加细到2(3)^(1/3)r≤(abc)1/3≤1/3(a+b+c)≤3^(1/3)R;(1)2(3)^(1/3)r≤(abc)^(1/3)≤{P integral from n=1 to ∞(+8)[(a+x)(b+x)(c+x)]^-(P+1)3dx}-1/P≤1/3(a+b+c)≤3^(1/3)R;(2)2(3)^(1/3)≤(abc)^(1/3){P integral from n=1 to ∞(+8)[(a+x)(b+x)(c+x)]^-(P+1)/3dx}^-(1/P)≤{Pintegral from n=1 to ∞(+8)λ^(-1)[(ι+λ)(a+x))^(1/3)(ι+λ(b+x))^(1/3)(ι+λ(c+x))^(1/3)-ι]^(-P-1)dx}^(-1/P)≤1/3(a+b+c)≤3^(1/3)R。(3)展开更多
When the event of interest never occurs for a proportion of subjects during the study period, survival models with a cure fraction are more appropriate in analyzing this type of data. Considering the non-linear relati...When the event of interest never occurs for a proportion of subjects during the study period, survival models with a cure fraction are more appropriate in analyzing this type of data. Considering the non-linear relationship between response variable and covariates, we propose a class of generalized transformation models motivated by Zeng et al. [1] transformed proportional time cure model, in which fractional polynomials are used instead of the simple linear combination of the covariates. Statistical properties of the proposed models are investigated, including identifiability of the parameters, asymptotic consistency, and asymptotic normality of the estimated regression coefficients. A simulation study is carried out to examine the performance of the power selection procedure. The generalized transformation cure rate models are applied to the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHANES1) for the purpose of examining the relationship between survival time of patients and several risk factors.展开更多
A k-colouring （not necessarily proper） of vertices of a graph is called acyclic, if for every pair of distinct colours i and j the subgraph induced by the edges whose endpoints have colours i and j is acyclic. We co...A k-colouring （not necessarily proper） of vertices of a graph is called acyclic, if for every pair of distinct colours i and j the subgraph induced by the edges whose endpoints have colours i and j is acyclic. We consider acyclie k-eolourings such that each colour class induces a graph with a given （hereditary） property. In particular, we consider aeyclic k-eolourings in which each colour class induces a graph with maximum degree at most t, which are referred to as acyclic t-improper k-colourings. The acyelic t-improper chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest k for which there exists an acyclic t-improper k-colouring of G. We focus on acyclic colourings of graphs with maximum degree 4. We prove that 3 is an upper bound for the acyclic 3-improper chromatic number of this class of graphs. We also provide a non-trivial family of graphs with maximum degree 4 whose acyclic 3-improper chromatic number is at most 2, namely, the graphs with maximum average degree at most 3. Finally, we prove that any graph G with A（G） ≤ 4 can be acyelically coloured with 4 colours in such a way that each colour class induces an acyclic graph with maximum degree at most 3.展开更多
Under improper transformations,the traditional transformation laws for cross products,the permutation tensor,and rotations are incorrect.For a cross product,using a counter-example the left-hand rule is proved wrong.T...Under improper transformations,the traditional transformation laws for cross products,the permutation tensor,and rotations are incorrect.For a cross product,using a counter-example the left-hand rule is proved wrong.The unique rule for a cross product is the right-hand rule.Coordinate systems have handedness,while a cross product is frame-indifference.Since the permutation tensor is defined as a triple product including a cross product,the law for the permutation tensor is false.For a rotation,its pseudovector representation is incorrect,because the mirror is an auxiliary device to produce the virtual image rather than a new coordinate system or reference frame.展开更多
Objective:To investigate a proteomics analysis of liver proteins from rats with spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) induced by chronic improper diet consumption and fatigue.Methods:This study used a liver proteomic profi...Objective:To investigate a proteomics analysis of liver proteins from rats with spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) induced by chronic improper diet consumption and fatigue.Methods:This study used a liver proteomic profiling method to identify differentially expressed proteins and altered pathways involved in SDS rats.Specifically,we collected liver samples from a control group and a group with SDS induced by chronic improper diet consumption and fatigue for 4 weeks.The pooled liver proteins in each group were labeled with 8-plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation reagents.The labeled control and SDS group samples were pooled together and separated by high-pH reverse-phase liquid chromatography.The differentially expressed proteins from the liver proteomes were analyzed to identify potential biomarkers of SDS.Differentially expressed proteins were selected in conjunction with gene ontology and ingenuity pathway analysis.Results:We identified 2176 protein clusters with more than two peptides in the SDS group,with 141 proteins quantified as differentially expressed proteins.Of these,75 proteins were up-regulated,and 66 were down-regulated.Three activated signaling pathways,the thrombin,CXCR4 and synaptic long term depression signaling pathways,and a large multi-protein complex within the network were revealed in the liver proteomic analysis of SDS rats.Conclusions:This is the first report of a differential liver proteome under SDS conditions.The results suggest that the liver proteome partially reflects the pathological changes involved in SDS.The findings provide important information for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms of dysfunction or injury in the liver at the molecular level as a result of SDS.Furthermore,they provide a novel understanding of the connotation of SDS in the fleld of traditional Chinese Medicine.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51772266 and 51790493the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2016YFA0300101.
文摘Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7) with Ruddlesden-Popper structure exhibits the largest polarization among the known hybrid improper ferroelectrics.However,the high Curie temperature impedes the thorough study of phase transition through dielectric characterization.According to the previous theoretical design rule,the Curie temperature can be suppressed by increasing the tolerance factor.So,in the present work,high-quality Ca_(3-x)LaxTi_(2-x)Al_(x)O_(7)(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3)ceramics with increased tolerance factors were successfully prepared.The amplitude of oxygen octahedral tilt mode indeed decreases with increasing tolerance factors,leading to a degeneration of ferroelectric polarization.However,the unexpected rigid rotation mode causes the composition-invariable coercive fields.The Curie temperatures decrease linearly with increasing x and tolerance factors.The variable-temperature dielectric constant confirms first-order improper ferroelectric transitions in Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)-based ceramics.The results of variable temperature Xray diffraction reveal the coexistence of two-phases below Curie temperature.The present work confidently confirms the first-order improper ferroelectric transition in Ca_(3)Ti_(2)O_(7)-based ceramics by combining results of variable-temperature dielectric response and in-situ X-ray powder diffraction.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Pronvince( 0 1 1 471 ) and Education Bu-reau( 0 1 76)
文摘Some new inequalities involving improper integrals are established in the paper which generalize the related results due to Pachpatte and Rodrigues.Discrete analogues of the integral inequalities obtained are also derived.An example is given to show that the bound in Theorem 1 is not improvable.
文摘Given a list assignment of L to graph G,assign a list L(υ)of colors to each υ∈V(G).An(L,d)^(*)-coloring is a mapping π that assigns a color π(υ)∈L(υ)to each vertex υ∈V(G)such that at most d neighbors of υ receive the color υ.If there exists an(L,d)^(*)-coloring for every list assignment L with|L(υ)|≥k for all υ∈ V(G),then G is called to be(k,d)^(*)-choosable.In this paper,we prove every planar graph G without adjacent k-cycles is(3,1)^(*)-choosable,where k ∈{3,4,5}.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2022YFB3807602the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52172131the outstanding doctoral dissertation funding of Zhejiang University under Grant No.422048A.
文摘Hybrid improper ferroelectricity has been extensively reported through theoretical prediction and experimental investigation in the oxides with Ruddlesden-Popper(R-P)structures.However,the experimentally reported ferroelectric materials based on triple-layer R-P structures are rare,and the weak ferroelectricity impedes its practical application.In the present work,the single-phase Li_(2)Nd_(2)Ti_(3)O_(10)ceramics with A-site cation ordered triple-layer R-P structure was obtained by spark plasma sintering technique,and the crystal structure of P2_(1)ab symmetry was revealed by neutron powder diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis.Furthermore,the switchable ferroelectricity in Li_(2)Nd_(2)Ti_(3)O_(10)ceramics has been observed at room temperature,and the saturated polarization-electric field hysteresis loop was obtained with P_(r)=0.4μC/cm^(2)under the electric field of 250 kV/cm.The phase transition behavior of Li_(2)Nd_(2)Ti_(3)O_(10)oxides was revealed by the temperature-dependence Raman and dielectric spectra combined with the piezoelectric property.
基金This paper is partially supported by the National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No.2004CB318000.
文摘In this paper, we present a proper reparametrization algorithm for rational ruled surfaces. That is, for an improper rational parametrization of a ruled surface, we construct a proper rational parametrization for the same surface. The algorithm consists of three steps. We first reparametrize the improper rational parametrization caused by improper supports. Then the improper rational parametrization is transformed to a new one which is proper in one of the parameters. Finally, the problem is reduced to the proper reparametrization of planar rational algebraic curves.
文摘Bayesian quantile regression has drawn more attention in widespread applications recently. Yu and Moyeed (2001) proposed an asymmetric Laplace distribution to provide likelihood based mechanism for Bayesian inference of quantile regression models. In this work, the primary objective is to evaluate the performance of Bayesian quantile regression compared with simple regression and quantile regression through simulation and with application to a crime dataset from 50 USA states for assessing the effect of potential risk factors on the violent crime rate. This paper also explores improper priors, and conducts sensitivity analysis on the parameter estimates. The data analysis reveals that the percent of population that are single parents always has a significant positive influence on violent crimes occurrence, and Bayesian quantile regression provides more comprehensive statistical description of this association.
基金This research is supported by the National Key Basic Research Project of China under Grant No. 2011CB302400 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10901163.
文摘In this paper, a class of lattice supports in the lattice space Zm is found to be inherently improper because any rational parametrization from Cm to Cm defined on such a support is improper. The improper index for such a lattice support is defined to be the gcd of the normalized volumes of all the simplex sub-supports. The structure of an improper support S is analyzed and shrinking transformations are constructed to transform S to a proper one. For a generic rational parametrization RP defined on an improper support S, we prove that its improper index is the improper index of S and give a proper reparametrization algorithm for RP. Finally, properties for rational parametrizations defined on an improper support and with numerical coefficients are also considered.
文摘Abstract Non-Practicing Entities （NPE）, as a subject, is a neutral concept, but the derogatory sense of translation and understanding on this concept and the chaos of understanding make the legal regulation of NPE encounter more difficulties and challenges. In fact, NPE issues are con~,erned, discussed and researched in China within quite a long period, however, it would not become an outstanding legal issue nowadays. NPE as a market entity, its existence is legitimate per se, and what the law should focus on is the unfair conduct that NPE might be engaged in rather than the subject of NPE itself. It is not necessary to make specific articles and provisions on the subject of NPE at present in the Patent Law of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC） and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the PRC which are revised in China, and a serial of rules and guidelines for Anti-Monopoly Law of the PRC which are formulated in China. It proved that the unfair conducts of NPE should be regulated according to Patent law, Anti-Unfair Competition Law and Anti-Monopoly Law as well as, reconfirmed that the conclusion that the regulation of NPE in China laws focus on conducts rather than subject in a serial of cases such as the anti-monopoly investigation case against INTERDIGITAL Corporation initiated by the National Development and Reform Commission, the case that the Ministry of Commerce imposed restrictive conditions to approve that Microsoft acquired Nokia equipment and service business, and the commercial defamation case that Shenzhen Libang Precision Instrument Co., Ltd vs Shenznen Mairui Divlogivai Meliva Electronic Co,Ltd.which was reviewed by the Supreme People＇s Court.
文摘从所周知,欧拉不等式2r≤R2(3)^(1/3)r≤3^(1/3)R。(1765)我们可加细到2(3)^(1/3)r≤(abc)1/3≤1/3(a+b+c)≤3^(1/3)R;(1)2(3)^(1/3)r≤(abc)^(1/3)≤{P integral from n=1 to ∞(+8)[(a+x)(b+x)(c+x)]^-(P+1)3dx}-1/P≤1/3(a+b+c)≤3^(1/3)R;(2)2(3)^(1/3)≤(abc)^(1/3){P integral from n=1 to ∞(+8)[(a+x)(b+x)(c+x)]^-(P+1)/3dx}^-(1/P)≤{Pintegral from n=1 to ∞(+8)λ^(-1)[(ι+λ)(a+x))^(1/3)(ι+λ(b+x))^(1/3)(ι+λ(c+x))^(1/3)-ι]^(-P-1)dx}^(-1/P)≤1/3(a+b+c)≤3^(1/3)R。(3)
文摘When the event of interest never occurs for a proportion of subjects during the study period, survival models with a cure fraction are more appropriate in analyzing this type of data. Considering the non-linear relationship between response variable and covariates, we propose a class of generalized transformation models motivated by Zeng et al. [1] transformed proportional time cure model, in which fractional polynomials are used instead of the simple linear combination of the covariates. Statistical properties of the proposed models are investigated, including identifiability of the parameters, asymptotic consistency, and asymptotic normality of the estimated regression coefficients. A simulation study is carried out to examine the performance of the power selection procedure. The generalized transformation cure rate models are applied to the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHANES1) for the purpose of examining the relationship between survival time of patients and several risk factors.
基金supported by the Minister of Science and Higher Education of Poland(Grant No.JP2010009070)
文摘A k-colouring （not necessarily proper） of vertices of a graph is called acyclic, if for every pair of distinct colours i and j the subgraph induced by the edges whose endpoints have colours i and j is acyclic. We consider acyclie k-eolourings such that each colour class induces a graph with a given （hereditary） property. In particular, we consider aeyclic k-eolourings in which each colour class induces a graph with maximum degree at most t, which are referred to as acyclic t-improper k-colourings. The acyelic t-improper chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest k for which there exists an acyclic t-improper k-colouring of G. We focus on acyclic colourings of graphs with maximum degree 4. We prove that 3 is an upper bound for the acyclic 3-improper chromatic number of this class of graphs. We also provide a non-trivial family of graphs with maximum degree 4 whose acyclic 3-improper chromatic number is at most 2, namely, the graphs with maximum average degree at most 3. Finally, we prove that any graph G with A（G） ≤ 4 can be acyelically coloured with 4 colours in such a way that each colour class induces an acyclic graph with maximum degree at most 3.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978166)the Research Fund of Sanjiang University(No.2018SJKY005)。
文摘Under improper transformations,the traditional transformation laws for cross products,the permutation tensor,and rotations are incorrect.For a cross product,using a counter-example the left-hand rule is proved wrong.The unique rule for a cross product is the right-hand rule.Coordinate systems have handedness,while a cross product is frame-indifference.Since the permutation tensor is defined as a triple product including a cross product,the law for the permutation tensor is false.For a rotation,its pseudovector representation is incorrect,because the mirror is an auxiliary device to produce the virtual image rather than a new coordinate system or reference frame.
基金The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81173193).
文摘Objective:To investigate a proteomics analysis of liver proteins from rats with spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) induced by chronic improper diet consumption and fatigue.Methods:This study used a liver proteomic profiling method to identify differentially expressed proteins and altered pathways involved in SDS rats.Specifically,we collected liver samples from a control group and a group with SDS induced by chronic improper diet consumption and fatigue for 4 weeks.The pooled liver proteins in each group were labeled with 8-plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation reagents.The labeled control and SDS group samples were pooled together and separated by high-pH reverse-phase liquid chromatography.The differentially expressed proteins from the liver proteomes were analyzed to identify potential biomarkers of SDS.Differentially expressed proteins were selected in conjunction with gene ontology and ingenuity pathway analysis.Results:We identified 2176 protein clusters with more than two peptides in the SDS group,with 141 proteins quantified as differentially expressed proteins.Of these,75 proteins were up-regulated,and 66 were down-regulated.Three activated signaling pathways,the thrombin,CXCR4 and synaptic long term depression signaling pathways,and a large multi-protein complex within the network were revealed in the liver proteomic analysis of SDS rats.Conclusions:This is the first report of a differential liver proteome under SDS conditions.The results suggest that the liver proteome partially reflects the pathological changes involved in SDS.The findings provide important information for comprehensively understanding the mechanisms of dysfunction or injury in the liver at the molecular level as a result of SDS.Furthermore,they provide a novel understanding of the connotation of SDS in the fleld of traditional Chinese Medicine.
