复合绝缘子伞形结构对其周围流场特性有明显的影响,从而导致其覆冰特性存在差异。为此,分别在人工气候室和自然覆冰试验站对多种伞形结构220 k V复合绝缘子进行了人工模拟和自然现场覆冰试验研究,分析了伞形结构对其覆冰增长特性的影响...复合绝缘子伞形结构对其周围流场特性有明显的影响,从而导致其覆冰特性存在差异。为此,分别在人工气候室和自然覆冰试验站对多种伞形结构220 k V复合绝缘子进行了人工模拟和自然现场覆冰试验研究,分析了伞形结构对其覆冰增长特性的影响规律,结果表明:随着覆冰程度的增大,冰棱根数逐渐减少,冰棱长度和直径、伞面冰厚和覆冰重量均逐渐增大但增速变慢;伞裙直径增大时,覆冰增长较快,而伞间距增大时,冰棱长度、伞面冰厚和覆冰重量均逐渐变大但冰棱直径变小;在重度覆冰条件下,伞形结构的影响已不明显;自然覆冰条件下,伞形结构对绝缘子覆冰增长的影响规律与人工模拟试验结果基本一致。展开更多
Icicles are often formed under the downside surface of conductor in the wet growth icing of overhead power line. When the ice deposit around overhead power line is molten by Joule heat produced by current, the pattern...Icicles are often formed under the downside surface of conductor in the wet growth icing of overhead power line. When the ice deposit around overhead power line is molten by Joule heat produced by current, the pattern of heat transfer of ice deposit with icicles is dissimilar to that without icicle, so the ice-melting model for the columnar icing conductor cannot be applied to icicle-shaped icing conductor. According to the heat-transfer characteristic of the icicle-shaped icing conductor, this paper puts forward a DC ice-melting model for the icicle-shaped icing conductor. Because this full model includes three-dimensional heat-transfer and interface movement, which cannot be solved in closed form, a finite element scheme in space-domain and a finite difference scheme in time-domain are employed to discretize the governing equations. Firstly the whole ice-melting process on the icicle-shaped icing conductor is simulated by this model. Then the simulated results are validated by ice-melting experiments in the artificial chamber. The study from the model and the experiments shows that the size and length of icicle as well as the space between the adjacent icicles are factors to affect ice-melting. With the shorter icicle space, the bigger icicle size and the longer icicle-length, the surface of ice layer is enlarged and then more heat is taken away by the convection and radiation, so the ice melting time will get longer.展开更多
Interfacial water is of fundamental importance in many technological fields, such as biological processes, chemical reactions and lubrications. A prevalent way to study the structure and dynamics of interfacial water ...Interfacial water is of fundamental importance in many technological fields, such as biological processes, chemical reactions and lubrications. A prevalent way to study the structure and dynamics of interfacial water is carrying out molecular dynamics simulations with empirical potential water models. However, discrepant results have been reported due to their different charge geometries and target properties. Here we investigated the interfacial water structures on smooth surfaces of varying hydrophobicity at low temperatures by comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations with the prevailing water models. It is shown that the choice of the water model can significantly change the water structure on the hydrophilic surface, while has a minor effect on the contact angle on a hydrophobic surface. Furthermore, zero-dimensional ice pyramids and one-dimensional icicles were formed under the regulation of external charges injected to the substrate or imposed electric field, respectively. These results offer new insights into the water structures on different surfaces and reasonable choice of parameters in molecular simulations, and the development of water models.展开更多
文摘复合绝缘子伞形结构对其周围流场特性有明显的影响,从而导致其覆冰特性存在差异。为此,分别在人工气候室和自然覆冰试验站对多种伞形结构220 k V复合绝缘子进行了人工模拟和自然现场覆冰试验研究,分析了伞形结构对其覆冰增长特性的影响规律,结果表明:随着覆冰程度的增大,冰棱根数逐渐减少,冰棱长度和直径、伞面冰厚和覆冰重量均逐渐增大但增速变慢;伞裙直径增大时,覆冰增长较快,而伞间距增大时,冰棱长度、伞面冰厚和覆冰重量均逐渐变大但冰棱直径变小;在重度覆冰条件下,伞形结构的影响已不明显;自然覆冰条件下,伞形结构对绝缘子覆冰增长的影响规律与人工模拟试验结果基本一致。
基金supported by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2009CB724501)the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC (2008BB6157)
文摘Icicles are often formed under the downside surface of conductor in the wet growth icing of overhead power line. When the ice deposit around overhead power line is molten by Joule heat produced by current, the pattern of heat transfer of ice deposit with icicles is dissimilar to that without icicle, so the ice-melting model for the columnar icing conductor cannot be applied to icicle-shaped icing conductor. According to the heat-transfer characteristic of the icicle-shaped icing conductor, this paper puts forward a DC ice-melting model for the icicle-shaped icing conductor. Because this full model includes three-dimensional heat-transfer and interface movement, which cannot be solved in closed form, a finite element scheme in space-domain and a finite difference scheme in time-domain are employed to discretize the governing equations. Firstly the whole ice-melting process on the icicle-shaped icing conductor is simulated by this model. Then the simulated results are validated by ice-melting experiments in the artificial chamber. The study from the model and the experiments shows that the size and length of icicle as well as the space between the adjacent icicles are factors to affect ice-melting. With the shorter icicle space, the bigger icicle size and the longer icicle-length, the surface of ice layer is enlarged and then more heat is taken away by the convection and radiation, so the ice melting time will get longer.
文摘Interfacial water is of fundamental importance in many technological fields, such as biological processes, chemical reactions and lubrications. A prevalent way to study the structure and dynamics of interfacial water is carrying out molecular dynamics simulations with empirical potential water models. However, discrepant results have been reported due to their different charge geometries and target properties. Here we investigated the interfacial water structures on smooth surfaces of varying hydrophobicity at low temperatures by comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations with the prevailing water models. It is shown that the choice of the water model can significantly change the water structure on the hydrophilic surface, while has a minor effect on the contact angle on a hydrophobic surface. Furthermore, zero-dimensional ice pyramids and one-dimensional icicles were formed under the regulation of external charges injected to the substrate or imposed electric field, respectively. These results offer new insights into the water structures on different surfaces and reasonable choice of parameters in molecular simulations, and the development of water models.
