In order to examine the effects of the decrease of future precipitation on the eco-physiological characteristics of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.) in Huangfuchuan Watershed in Nei Mongol, a water gradient ...In order to examine the effects of the decrease of future precipitation on the eco-physiological characteristics of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.) in Huangfuchuan Watershed in Nei Mongol, a water gradient experiment was conducted based on the four specially designed water supply levels, including normal precipitation, slight drought, drought and extreme drought. Results of ANOVE showed that different water gradients had a significant effect on (1) microhabitat factors, such as soil water content and soil temperature; (2) gas exchange, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate; (3) resource use efficiency; and (4) leaf water potential. Water use efficiency of H rhamnoides could increase under moderate water stress, i.e. drought condition, while its net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate decreased. All kinds of eco-physiological characteristics proved H. rhamnoides seedlings under all water supplies were affected by water stress more or less and that mechanism of intrinsic physiological regulation in seedlings under the extreme drought conditions had the appearance of turbulence to a certain extent. Therefore, H rhamnoides seedlings in Huangfuchuan Watershed could not acclimate to extreme drought conditions.展开更多
基于“3S”技术,揭示了皇甫川流域近十多年来的土地利用变化情况,并采用通用土壤侵蚀方程(Universal Soil Loss Equation,USLE)定量研究了不同土地利用背景下的土壤侵蚀分布规律。结果表明,近十几年来流域土地利用变化剧烈,其总体趋势...基于“3S”技术,揭示了皇甫川流域近十多年来的土地利用变化情况,并采用通用土壤侵蚀方程(Universal Soil Loss Equation,USLE)定量研究了不同土地利用背景下的土壤侵蚀分布规律。结果表明,近十几年来流域土地利用变化剧烈,其总体趋势是城镇用地、林地、耕地和灌丛的面积逐渐增加(速率依次减小),水体、草地、沙地和裸砒砂岩面积逐渐减小(其中水体缩减的幅度最大),土地利用格局持续承受着来自当地快速城市化进程及社会经济发展和生态环境保护及建设两方面相互矛盾的巨大压力;与此同时,流域土壤侵蚀模数由1987年的16160.72t/km2减少到2000年的13943.32t/km2,其中6种不同土地利用类型在同一年份内土壤侵蚀模数的大小顺序为裸砒砂岩>沙地>耕地>草地>林地>灌丛,表明林、灌措施是流域植被恢复和减少土壤侵蚀的首选,草地限制土壤侵蚀的效果也较为明显,而沙地尤其是分布面积较广的裸砒砂岩则是土壤侵蚀综合治理的难题和关键;虽然十几年来水土流式综合治理效果显著,但由于裸砒砂岩和沙地的面积仍在整个流域占有相当的比例以及耕地剧增等因素,土壤侵蚀模数仍明显高于流域土壤允许侵蚀的临界值,流域生态环境仍然处于不安全状态,有必要对未来土地利用格局进行优化以确保生态安全。最后,在讨论中阐明了流域土地利用格局调整和优化的方向。展开更多
文摘In order to examine the effects of the decrease of future precipitation on the eco-physiological characteristics of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.) in Huangfuchuan Watershed in Nei Mongol, a water gradient experiment was conducted based on the four specially designed water supply levels, including normal precipitation, slight drought, drought and extreme drought. Results of ANOVE showed that different water gradients had a significant effect on (1) microhabitat factors, such as soil water content and soil temperature; (2) gas exchange, such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate; (3) resource use efficiency; and (4) leaf water potential. Water use efficiency of H rhamnoides could increase under moderate water stress, i.e. drought condition, while its net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate decreased. All kinds of eco-physiological characteristics proved H. rhamnoides seedlings under all water supplies were affected by water stress more or less and that mechanism of intrinsic physiological regulation in seedlings under the extreme drought conditions had the appearance of turbulence to a certain extent. Therefore, H rhamnoides seedlings in Huangfuchuan Watershed could not acclimate to extreme drought conditions.
文摘基于“3S”技术,揭示了皇甫川流域近十多年来的土地利用变化情况,并采用通用土壤侵蚀方程(Universal Soil Loss Equation,USLE)定量研究了不同土地利用背景下的土壤侵蚀分布规律。结果表明,近十几年来流域土地利用变化剧烈,其总体趋势是城镇用地、林地、耕地和灌丛的面积逐渐增加(速率依次减小),水体、草地、沙地和裸砒砂岩面积逐渐减小(其中水体缩减的幅度最大),土地利用格局持续承受着来自当地快速城市化进程及社会经济发展和生态环境保护及建设两方面相互矛盾的巨大压力;与此同时,流域土壤侵蚀模数由1987年的16160.72t/km2减少到2000年的13943.32t/km2,其中6种不同土地利用类型在同一年份内土壤侵蚀模数的大小顺序为裸砒砂岩>沙地>耕地>草地>林地>灌丛,表明林、灌措施是流域植被恢复和减少土壤侵蚀的首选,草地限制土壤侵蚀的效果也较为明显,而沙地尤其是分布面积较广的裸砒砂岩则是土壤侵蚀综合治理的难题和关键;虽然十几年来水土流式综合治理效果显著,但由于裸砒砂岩和沙地的面积仍在整个流域占有相当的比例以及耕地剧增等因素,土壤侵蚀模数仍明显高于流域土壤允许侵蚀的临界值,流域生态环境仍然处于不安全状态,有必要对未来土地利用格局进行优化以确保生态安全。最后,在讨论中阐明了流域土地利用格局调整和优化的方向。
