Adopting the Easterling-Peterson (EP) techniques and considering the reality of Chinese meteorological observations, this paper designed several tests and tested for inhomogeneities in all Chinese historical surface a...Adopting the Easterling-Peterson (EP) techniques and considering the reality of Chinese meteorological observations, this paper designed several tests and tested for inhomogeneities in all Chinese historical surface air temperature series from 1951 to 2001. The result shows that the time series have been widely impacted by inhomogeneities resulting from the relocation of stations and changes in local environment such as urbanization or some other factors. Among these factors, station relocations caused the largest magnitude of abrupt changes in the time series, and other factors also resulted in inhomogeneities to some extent. According to the amplitude of change of the difference series and the monthly distribution features of surface air temperatures, discontinuities identified by applying both the E-P technique and supported by China's station history records, or by comparison with other approaches, have been adjusted. Based on the above processing, the most significant temporal inhomogeneities were eliminated, and China's most homogeneous surface air temperature series has thus been created. Results show that the inhomogeneity testing captured well the most important change of the stations, and the adjusted dataset is more reliable than ever. This suggests that the adjusted temperature dataset has great value of decreasing the uncertaities in the study of observed climate change in China.展开更多
＂质量可控、安全有效＂是我国药品研发过程须遵循的首要原则。产品质量的优劣不仅依靠检验方法,更依靠设计开发、过程控制及规范化管理等产品制造的所有环节,质量源于过程控制水平。该文首先系统回顾了中药制剂质量控制的历史和发展现...＂质量可控、安全有效＂是我国药品研发过程须遵循的首要原则。产品质量的优劣不仅依靠检验方法,更依靠设计开发、过程控制及规范化管理等产品制造的所有环节,质量源于过程控制水平。该文首先系统回顾了中药制剂质量控制的历史和发展现状,借鉴国际药品质量控制的发展模式,并针对中药制剂质量控制的误区,分析总结影响中药制剂质量均一性的原因。针对中药特色的基础上,如何控制中药的多样性,将＂不均一＂的中药制成均一性良好的中成药,提出基于＂整体观＂和＂质量源于设计（quality by design,QbD）理念＂,创建＂整体化、模块化、数据化、规范化＂为核心的中药制剂质量过程控制＂四化＂模式。倡议科学研究需致力于中药制剂生产实际,结合先进装备技术升级,将科学研究成果切实做到中成药大品种中,推动中药制药技术集群创新和转化应用,实现中药产业提质增效、绿色发展。展开更多
Objective: To study the effect of contralateral acupuncture(CAT) at acupoints of Quchi(LI 11) and Zusanli(ST 36) on the unaffected limbs of ischemic stroke patients with left hemiplegia based on regional homogeneity(R...Objective: To study the effect of contralateral acupuncture(CAT) at acupoints of Quchi(LI 11) and Zusanli(ST 36) on the unaffected limbs of ischemic stroke patients with left hemiplegia based on regional homogeneity(ReHo) indices. Methods: Ten ischemic stroke patients with left hemiplegia received CAT on right side at LI 11 and ST 36. Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) was performed before and after acupuncture. A ReHo analytical method was used to compare brain responses of patients before and after CAT operated by REST software. Results: The stimulation at both LI 11 and ST 36 on the unaffected limbs produced significantly different neural activities. CAT elicited increased ReHo values at the right precentral gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, decreased ReHo value at right superior parietal lobule, left fusiform gyrus and left supplementary motor area. Conclusions: Acupuncture at one side could stimulate bilateral regions. CAT could evoke the gyrus which was possibly related to motor recovery from stroke. A promising indicator of neurobiological deficiencies could be represented by ReHo values in post-stroke patients.展开更多
文摘Adopting the Easterling-Peterson (EP) techniques and considering the reality of Chinese meteorological observations, this paper designed several tests and tested for inhomogeneities in all Chinese historical surface air temperature series from 1951 to 2001. The result shows that the time series have been widely impacted by inhomogeneities resulting from the relocation of stations and changes in local environment such as urbanization or some other factors. Among these factors, station relocations caused the largest magnitude of abrupt changes in the time series, and other factors also resulted in inhomogeneities to some extent. According to the amplitude of change of the difference series and the monthly distribution features of surface air temperatures, discontinuities identified by applying both the E-P technique and supported by China's station history records, or by comparison with other approaches, have been adjusted. Based on the above processing, the most significant temporal inhomogeneities were eliminated, and China's most homogeneous surface air temperature series has thus been created. Results show that the inhomogeneity testing captured well the most important change of the stations, and the adjusted dataset is more reliable than ever. This suggests that the adjusted temperature dataset has great value of decreasing the uncertaities in the study of observed climate change in China.
文摘＂质量可控、安全有效＂是我国药品研发过程须遵循的首要原则。产品质量的优劣不仅依靠检验方法,更依靠设计开发、过程控制及规范化管理等产品制造的所有环节,质量源于过程控制水平。该文首先系统回顾了中药制剂质量控制的历史和发展现状,借鉴国际药品质量控制的发展模式,并针对中药制剂质量控制的误区,分析总结影响中药制剂质量均一性的原因。针对中药特色的基础上,如何控制中药的多样性,将＂不均一＂的中药制成均一性良好的中成药,提出基于＂整体观＂和＂质量源于设计（quality by design,QbD）理念＂,创建＂整体化、模块化、数据化、规范化＂为核心的中药制剂质量过程控制＂四化＂模式。倡议科学研究需致力于中药制剂生产实际,结合先进装备技术升级,将科学研究成果切实做到中成药大品种中,推动中药制药技术集群创新和转化应用,实现中药产业提质增效、绿色发展。
基金Supported by the"Innovation and Strength of Hospital"grants from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(No.2016QN09)
文摘Objective: To study the effect of contralateral acupuncture(CAT) at acupoints of Quchi(LI 11) and Zusanli(ST 36) on the unaffected limbs of ischemic stroke patients with left hemiplegia based on regional homogeneity(ReHo) indices. Methods: Ten ischemic stroke patients with left hemiplegia received CAT on right side at LI 11 and ST 36. Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) was performed before and after acupuncture. A ReHo analytical method was used to compare brain responses of patients before and after CAT operated by REST software. Results: The stimulation at both LI 11 and ST 36 on the unaffected limbs produced significantly different neural activities. CAT elicited increased ReHo values at the right precentral gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, decreased ReHo value at right superior parietal lobule, left fusiform gyrus and left supplementary motor area. Conclusions: Acupuncture at one side could stimulate bilateral regions. CAT could evoke the gyrus which was possibly related to motor recovery from stroke. A promising indicator of neurobiological deficiencies could be represented by ReHo values in post-stroke patients.
