The heat shock response is a general property of all living organisms. Both heat shock response and heat shock proteins (HSPs) exist in cells and the role of heat shock proteins acts as molecular chaperones. Heat shoc...The heat shock response is a general property of all living organisms. Both heat shock response and heat shock proteins (HSPs) exist in cells and the role of heat shock proteins acts as molecular chaperones. Heat shock response was first recognized in insects. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a brief history of the research on heat shock proteins and to update progress with emphasis on two aspects, namely: the structure of heat shock genes and the transcriptional control of heat shock genes in insects ; the expression models, the properties of heat shock proteins, the intracellular location of HSPs in cells and the role of heat shock proteins as molecular chaprones. In general, the study of heat shock response and heat shock proteins goes through five stages. Heat shock genes that are classified into three main distinct groups characterized by sequence homology are considerably conservative. Heat shock genes in insects are controlled by the heat shock transcription factors. Most heat shock proteins are synthesized at normal conditions, but their syntheses significantly increase at heat shock or other stress conditions. The syntheses also change with the development stages and sorts of tissues. The intracellular location of HSPs varies according to HSPs themselves and the condition that the cells are in. Heat shock proteins act as molecular chaperones to regulate protein folding, protein translocation, assembly and disassembly. The synthesis of the heat shock proteins is correlated with the acquired thermotolerance and maybe used in gene engineering and has beneficial therapeutic effects on tumor treatments.展开更多
Heat stress is a major abiotic stress limiting plant growth and productivity in many areas of the world. Understanding mechanisms of plant adaptation to heat stress would facilitate the development of heat-tolerant cu...Heat stress is a major abiotic stress limiting plant growth and productivity in many areas of the world. Understanding mechanisms of plant adaptation to heat stress would facilitate the development of heat-tolerant cultivars for improving productivity in warm climatic regions. Protein metabolism involving protein synthesis and degradation is one of the most sensitive processes to heat stress. Changes in the level and expression pattern of some proteins may play an important role in plant adaptation to heat stress. The identification of stress-responsive proteins and pathways has been facilitated by an increasing number of tools and resources, including two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the rapidly expanding nucleotide and amino acid sequence databases. Heat stress may induce or enhance protein expression or cause protein degradation. The induction of heat-responsive proteins, particularly heat shock proteins （HSPs）, plays a key role in plant tolerance to heat stress. Protein degradation involving various proteases is also important in regulating plant responses to heat stress. This review provides an overview of recent research on proteomic profiling for the identification of heat-responsive proteins associated with heat tolerance, heat induction and characteristics of HSPs, and protein degradation in relation to plant responses to heat stress.展开更多
Background Chronic dermal ulcers are also referred to as refractory ulcers. This study was conducted to elucidate the therapeutic effect of laser on chronic dermal ulcers and the induced expression of heat shock facto...Background Chronic dermal ulcers are also referred to as refractory ulcers. This study was conducted to elucidate the therapeutic effect of laser on chronic dermal ulcers and the induced expression of heat shock factor 1 （HSF1） and heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in wound tissues. Methods Sixty patients with 84 chronic dermal ulcers were randomly divided into traditional therapy and laser therapy groups. Laser treatment was performed in addition to traditional therapy in the laser therapy group. The treatment efficacy was evaluated after three weeks. Five tissue sections of healing wounds were randomly collected along with five normal skin sections as controls. HSP70-positive cells from HSP70 immunohistochemical staining were counted and the gray scale of positive cells was measured for statistical analysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of HSF1 and HSP70. Results The cure rate of the wounds and the total efficacy in the laser therapy group were significantly higher than those in the traditional therapy group （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01, respectively）. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the HSP70-positive cell count was significantly higher in laser therapy group than those in the traditional therapy group and controls （P 〈0.01）, and the gray scale of the cell signal was obviously lower than traditional therapy group and controls （P 〈0.05）. By contrast, the traditional therapy group and the control group were not significantly different. The RNA levels of HSF1 and HSP70 were higher in the laser therapy group by RT-PCR, but very low in normal skin and the traditional therapy group. The analysis on the gray scale of the Western blot bands indicated that the expression of HSF1 and HSP70 in the laser therapy group was significantly higher than in the traditional therapy group and the control group （P 〈0.01）, and the expression in the traditional therapy group was also higher t展开更多
文摘The heat shock response is a general property of all living organisms. Both heat shock response and heat shock proteins (HSPs) exist in cells and the role of heat shock proteins acts as molecular chaperones. Heat shock response was first recognized in insects. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a brief history of the research on heat shock proteins and to update progress with emphasis on two aspects, namely: the structure of heat shock genes and the transcriptional control of heat shock genes in insects ; the expression models, the properties of heat shock proteins, the intracellular location of HSPs in cells and the role of heat shock proteins as molecular chaprones. In general, the study of heat shock response and heat shock proteins goes through five stages. Heat shock genes that are classified into three main distinct groups characterized by sequence homology are considerably conservative. Heat shock genes in insects are controlled by the heat shock transcription factors. Most heat shock proteins are synthesized at normal conditions, but their syntheses significantly increase at heat shock or other stress conditions. The syntheses also change with the development stages and sorts of tissues. The intracellular location of HSPs varies according to HSPs themselves and the condition that the cells are in. Heat shock proteins act as molecular chaperones to regulate protein folding, protein translocation, assembly and disassembly. The synthesis of the heat shock proteins is correlated with the acquired thermotolerance and maybe used in gene engineering and has beneficial therapeutic effects on tumor treatments.
文摘Heat stress is a major abiotic stress limiting plant growth and productivity in many areas of the world. Understanding mechanisms of plant adaptation to heat stress would facilitate the development of heat-tolerant cultivars for improving productivity in warm climatic regions. Protein metabolism involving protein synthesis and degradation is one of the most sensitive processes to heat stress. Changes in the level and expression pattern of some proteins may play an important role in plant adaptation to heat stress. The identification of stress-responsive proteins and pathways has been facilitated by an increasing number of tools and resources, including two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the rapidly expanding nucleotide and amino acid sequence databases. Heat stress may induce or enhance protein expression or cause protein degradation. The induction of heat-responsive proteins, particularly heat shock proteins （HSPs）, plays a key role in plant tolerance to heat stress. Protein degradation involving various proteases is also important in regulating plant responses to heat stress. This review provides an overview of recent research on proteomic profiling for the identification of heat-responsive proteins associated with heat tolerance, heat induction and characteristics of HSPs, and protein degradation in relation to plant responses to heat stress.
基金This study was supported＇by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30672035）, National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province （No. 07JJ3067）, and Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University （No. 54604）.
文摘Background Chronic dermal ulcers are also referred to as refractory ulcers. This study was conducted to elucidate the therapeutic effect of laser on chronic dermal ulcers and the induced expression of heat shock factor 1 （HSF1） and heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in wound tissues. Methods Sixty patients with 84 chronic dermal ulcers were randomly divided into traditional therapy and laser therapy groups. Laser treatment was performed in addition to traditional therapy in the laser therapy group. The treatment efficacy was evaluated after three weeks. Five tissue sections of healing wounds were randomly collected along with five normal skin sections as controls. HSP70-positive cells from HSP70 immunohistochemical staining were counted and the gray scale of positive cells was measured for statistical analysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of HSF1 and HSP70. Results The cure rate of the wounds and the total efficacy in the laser therapy group were significantly higher than those in the traditional therapy group （P 〈0.05, P 〈0.01, respectively）. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the HSP70-positive cell count was significantly higher in laser therapy group than those in the traditional therapy group and controls （P 〈0.01）, and the gray scale of the cell signal was obviously lower than traditional therapy group and controls （P 〈0.05）. By contrast, the traditional therapy group and the control group were not significantly different. The RNA levels of HSF1 and HSP70 were higher in the laser therapy group by RT-PCR, but very low in normal skin and the traditional therapy group. The analysis on the gray scale of the Western blot bands indicated that the expression of HSF1 and HSP70 in the laser therapy group was significantly higher than in the traditional therapy group and the control group （P 〈0.01）, and the expression in the traditional therapy group was also higher t
