目的探讨格列本脲与二甲双胍治疗妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)后新生儿结局的差异,为GDM的治疗和治疗后新生儿结局的改善进一步研究提供参考。方法选择120例确诊为膳食运动治疗无效的GDM患者分为对照组(胰岛素常规治疗)、格列本脲组和二甲双胍组3...目的探讨格列本脲与二甲双胍治疗妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)后新生儿结局的差异,为GDM的治疗和治疗后新生儿结局的改善进一步研究提供参考。方法选择120例确诊为膳食运动治疗无效的GDM患者分为对照组(胰岛素常规治疗)、格列本脲组和二甲双胍组3组,每组40例。记录孕妇血糖控制情况及分娩后新生儿指标(出生体质量、巨大儿、小于胎龄儿、第5 min Apgar评分、脐动脉血p H值、低糖血症、高胆红素血症、呼吸窘迫综合征及重症监护治疗情况)。结果对照组、格列本脲组、二甲双胍组经过治疗控制孕妇血糖有效率分别为72.5%、87.5%、62.5%,格列本脲治疗组有效率较二甲双胍治疗组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组、格列本脲组、二甲双胍组分娩后新生儿指标在小于胎龄儿(SGA)、低血糖症、重症监护入住情况上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中二甲双胍组的小于胎龄儿发生率明显低于对照组和格列本脲组,格列本脲组的新生儿低血糖症发生率明显高于对照组和二甲双胍组,对照组的重症监护入住率明显高于其余两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论格列本脲及二甲双胍在孕期治疗GDM短期结局安全有效,但是由于格列本脲与二甲双胍远期影响尚不清楚,临床上应根据不同患者的特点选择不同的治疗方案。展开更多
目的:通过与胰岛素比较,分析二甲双胍和格列苯脲在妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)中的安全性和有效性;方法:系统性检索Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane中心注册的对照试验(cochrane central register of controlled trials,C...目的:通过与胰岛素比较,分析二甲双胍和格列苯脲在妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)中的安全性和有效性;方法:系统性检索Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane中心注册的对照试验(cochrane central register of controlled trials,CENTRAL),和中国生物医学生物文献数据库,截至2013年12月有16篇随机对照试验包含二甲双胍及格列苯脲与胰岛素的比较。二甲双胍和格列苯脲的安全性和有效性评价的直接和间接结果通过R 2.15.2实验。结果:本研究有2 665例病例纳入。在巨大儿方面,格列苯脲组多于胰岛素组(OR=3.299,95%CI=1.649~6.600,P=0.001),而二甲双胍组低于格列苯脲组(OR=0.234,95%CI=0.061~0.893,P=0.033),二甲双胍组与胰岛素组无统计学差异(P=0.198)。在孕妇体质量增加方面,二甲双胍组明显低于胰岛素组(SMD=-0.539,95%CI=-0.716^-0.362,P=0.000)。妊娠时限方面,二甲双胍明显短于胰岛素组(SMD=-0.142,95%CI=-0.246^-0.039,P=0.007)。结论:二甲双胍控制血糖的疗效好,母亲体质量增加少,有更低的糖化血红蛋白水平且不增加母亲低血糖风险,但可能增加早产风险。格列苯脲组有更高的巨大儿发生率。展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of membrane potential and intracellular calcium kinetic changes in producing vascular hyporeactivity during severe hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock ...OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of membrane potential and intracellular calcium kinetic changes in producing vascular hyporeactivity during severe hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock (HS) for 2 hours. The spinotrapezius muscle was prepared for microscopy and the responses of arterioles in the muscle to norepinephrine (NE) were tested. The resting membrane potentials of isolated arterial strips were measured with a microelectrode. Membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) changes in isolated arteriolar smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were determined with fluorescent probes and a confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The arteriolar resting membrane potential was decreased from -36.7 +/- 6.3 mV in control to -29.2 +/- 5.3 mV concurrent with the increase of vasoreactivity to NE at 20 minutes after HS. At 120 minutes post-HS, the resting potential hyperpolarized to -51.9 +/- 9.1 mV, and NE stimulated [Ca2+]i increase was reduced to 50% of the control values during the appearance of arteriolar hyporeactivity, i.e. the NE threshold of the arteriolar response increased 15 fold 2 hours after the onset of hemorrhage as compared with normal animals. The state of vasoreactivity was closely related to the resting potential of vascular smooth muscle in hemorrhagic shock, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Treatment with glybenclamide, a selective blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, decreased the resting potential, increased NE-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase, and partially restored vasoreactivity in severe hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that membrane hyperpolarization and the reduction of NE-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase in smooth muscle cells appeared to contribute to the vascular hyporeactivity in hemorrhagic shock. The mechanism is likely to involve in KATP channels.展开更多
文摘目的探讨格列本脲与二甲双胍治疗妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)后新生儿结局的差异,为GDM的治疗和治疗后新生儿结局的改善进一步研究提供参考。方法选择120例确诊为膳食运动治疗无效的GDM患者分为对照组(胰岛素常规治疗)、格列本脲组和二甲双胍组3组,每组40例。记录孕妇血糖控制情况及分娩后新生儿指标(出生体质量、巨大儿、小于胎龄儿、第5 min Apgar评分、脐动脉血p H值、低糖血症、高胆红素血症、呼吸窘迫综合征及重症监护治疗情况)。结果对照组、格列本脲组、二甲双胍组经过治疗控制孕妇血糖有效率分别为72.5%、87.5%、62.5%,格列本脲治疗组有效率较二甲双胍治疗组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组、格列本脲组、二甲双胍组分娩后新生儿指标在小于胎龄儿(SGA)、低血糖症、重症监护入住情况上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中二甲双胍组的小于胎龄儿发生率明显低于对照组和格列本脲组,格列本脲组的新生儿低血糖症发生率明显高于对照组和二甲双胍组,对照组的重症监护入住率明显高于其余两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论格列本脲及二甲双胍在孕期治疗GDM短期结局安全有效,但是由于格列本脲与二甲双胍远期影响尚不清楚,临床上应根据不同患者的特点选择不同的治疗方案。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of membrane potential and intracellular calcium kinetic changes in producing vascular hyporeactivity during severe hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock (HS) for 2 hours. The spinotrapezius muscle was prepared for microscopy and the responses of arterioles in the muscle to norepinephrine (NE) were tested. The resting membrane potentials of isolated arterial strips were measured with a microelectrode. Membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) changes in isolated arteriolar smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were determined with fluorescent probes and a confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The arteriolar resting membrane potential was decreased from -36.7 +/- 6.3 mV in control to -29.2 +/- 5.3 mV concurrent with the increase of vasoreactivity to NE at 20 minutes after HS. At 120 minutes post-HS, the resting potential hyperpolarized to -51.9 +/- 9.1 mV, and NE stimulated [Ca2+]i increase was reduced to 50% of the control values during the appearance of arteriolar hyporeactivity, i.e. the NE threshold of the arteriolar response increased 15 fold 2 hours after the onset of hemorrhage as compared with normal animals. The state of vasoreactivity was closely related to the resting potential of vascular smooth muscle in hemorrhagic shock, with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. Treatment with glybenclamide, a selective blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, decreased the resting potential, increased NE-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase, and partially restored vasoreactivity in severe hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that membrane hyperpolarization and the reduction of NE-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase in smooth muscle cells appeared to contribute to the vascular hyporeactivity in hemorrhagic shock. The mechanism is likely to involve in KATP channels.
